Muscular tissue serves four main functions: producing body movements, stabilizing positions, storing and moving substances, and generating heat. It possesses four key properties: electrical excitability, contractility, extensibility, and elasticity, allowing for effective muscle function. Muscles are classified based on striations, control, and situation into types such as skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscles, each with distinct characteristics and functions.

1. .

2. Muscular tissue has four key functions:
 Produces body movements.
 Stabilizes body positions.
 Stores and moves substances within the
body.
 Generates heat.
By Gladys Stephen

3. Muscular tissue has four special properties that
enable it to function and contribute to
homeostasis:
 Electrical excitability
 Contractility
 Extensibility
 Elasticity
By Gladys Stephen

4.  Electrical excitability:
› a property of both muscle and nerve cells
to respond to certain stimuli by producing
electrical signals called action potentials
 Contractility
› ability of muscular tissue to contract
forcefully when stimulated by an action
potential. When a muscle contracts, it
generates tension (force of contraction)
while pulling on its attachment points.
By Gladys Stephen

5.  Extensibility
› ability of muscular tissue to stretch without
being damaged. Extensibility allows a
muscle to contract forcefully even if it is
already stretched.
 Elasticity
› ability of muscular tissue to return to its
original length and shape after contraction
or extension
By Gladys Stephen

6.  Muscles are classified by three different
methods, based on different factors:
› I. Depending upon the presence or absence of
striations
› II. Depending upon the control
› III. Depending upon the situation.
By Gladys Stephen

7.  Depending upon the presence or absence of
cross striations, the muscles are divided into
two groups:
› 1. Striated muscle
› 2. Non-striated muscle.
By Gladys Stephen

8. Striated Muscle
Striated muscle is the muscle
which has a large number of
cross-striations (transverse
lines).
› Examples are skeletal muscle and
cardiac muscles.
By Gladys Stephen

9. Non-striated Muscle
 Muscle which does not have cross-
striations is called non-striated
muscle.
 It is also called plain muscle or
smooth muscle.
By Gladys Stephen

10.  Depending upon control, the muscles are
classified into two types:
› 1. Voluntary muscle
› 2. Involuntary muscle.
By Gladys Stephen

11.  1. Voluntary Muscle
› Voluntary muscle is the muscle that is controlled
by our own will. Skeletal muscles are the
voluntary muscles.
 2. Involuntary Muscle
› Muscle that cannot be controlled by the will is
called involuntary muscle.
› Cardiac muscle and smooth muscle are
involuntary muscles
By Gladys Stephen

12.  Depending upon situation, the
muscles are classified into three
types:
› 1. Skeletal muscle
› 2. Cardiac muscle
› 3. Smooth muscle.
By Gladys Stephen

13. 1. Skeletal Muscle
 Skeletal muscle is situated in association
with bones forming the skeletal system.
 form 40% to 50% of body mass and are
voluntary and striated.
By Gladys Stephen

14.  Description:
› Long, cylindrical, striated fibers with
many peripherally located nuclei;
voluntary control.
 Location:
› Usually attached to bones by tendons.
 Function:
› Motion, posture, heat production, and
protection.
By Gladys Stephen

15. By Gladys Stephen

16. 2. Cardiac Muscle
 Cardiac muscle forms the
musculature of the heart.
 These muscles are striated and
involuntary.
 Cardiac muscles are supplied by
autonomic nerve fibers.
By Gladys Stephen

17. Heart
Longitudinal section of cardiac muscle tissue
Cardiac muscle fibers
Nucleus
Cardiac
muscle fiber
(cell)
Striations
By Gladys Stephen

18.  Description:
› Branched striated fibers with one or two centrally
located nuclei; contains intercalated discs;
involuntary control.
 Location:
› Heart wall.
 Function:
› Pumps blood to all parts of the body.
By Gladys Stephen

19.  Description:
› Spindle-shaped (thickest in middle and tapering
at both ends), nonstriated fibers with one
centrally located nucleus; involuntary control.
 Location:
› Iris of the eyes, walls of hollow internal structures
such as blood vessels, airways to the lungs,
stomach, intestines, gallbladder, urinary bladder,
and uterus.
 Function:
› Motion (constriction of blood vessels and
airways, propulsion of foods through
gastrointestinal tract, contraction of urinary
By Gladys Stephen

20. Artery
Smooth
muscle
Longitudinal section of smooth muscle tissue
Nucleus of
smooth
muscle
fiber
Smooth muscle
fiber (cell)
SMOOTH MUSCLE
By Gladys Stephen

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22. By Gladys Stephen