This document discusses vision and auditory problems that can impact learning. It notes that good input for learning involves not just good eyesight and hearing, but also strong near vision and visual/auditory processing skills. Near vision problems occur in 5-15% of students and can plateau learning if not addressed. Visual and auditory processing skills like rapid visual processing and auditory discrimination take a long time to develop and training these skills can benefit students with learning difficulties or delays and improve general learning outcomes. Case studies show training these skills leads to improvements in literacy and self-esteem.

1. Learning Related Vision
& Auditory Problems
By Stuart Warren B.Optom, MSc(Optom)

2. A simple model of learning
requires...
1. Good Input – how we acquire
information
2. Good Output – how we can use that
for reading, maths, spelling & writing

3. 1 - Eyesight & Hearing
Good INPUT
involves more
than just having
good eyesight &
hearing!

4. It also requires having good
NEAR VISION as well as good
visual & auditory PROCESSING
SKILLS.
It is estimated that 60% of
learning at school involves
near vision.

5. 2 - NEAR VISION
•Near vision problems occur in about 5-15%
of all students (many go undetected)
•Good near vision means that text must be:
a. Clear….not changing focus
b. Single...not going double
c. Steady...not moving on the page

6. 2 - NEAR VISION
•A problem with near vision does NOT cause learning
disabilities but it can cause learning to PLATEAU
•A simple 3 Point Check Test of near vision can be done
at school – it only takes a MINUTE!

7. STEP 1 STEP 2 STEP 3

8. If a problem is
found, then
treatment
involves reading
glasses, eye
exercises or
tinted lenses

9. •This refers to the analysis of visual and auditory
information so that it can be used for higher cognitive
functions such as reading, spelling & math
•Also known as visual & auditory perceptual skills or
low-level sensory processing skills
•So how common are problems in this area?
3 - Visual & Auditory Processing

10. 99.9% of students with
dyslexia had a visual or
auditory problem
80 to 92% had a problem
with BOTH depending
on age
These problems are also
common in students
WITHOUT dyslexia!
Stuart Warren & Burkhart Fischer (2005)
Prof Burkhart Fischer of Freiburg
University assessed some 3000
students with dyslexia…

11. This is not too surprising considering that…
“More than 50 percent of the cortex is devoted
to processing visual information”
- Center for Visual Science

12. THERE ARE 2 KEY FACTORS:
It’s the RAPID processing skills that
are affected and…
They take a LONG time to develop

13. RAPID
VISUAL
PROCESSING
In the visual system,
rapid processing has its
own pathway (purple).
Visual info is processed
in different areas of the
brain and arrives back
just as the slow info
(for identifying words)
arrives!
What are these skills?

14. Visual Spatial
• The ability to know
where we are on the
page, in a paragraph or
in a sentence
• It also helps with
recognizing the look of
a word BEFORE
identifying the letters

15. Yuo cna porbalby raed tihs desptie the msispeillngs.

16. Visual
Eye Tracking
• The ability to precisely
position our eyes in a
reading flow situation
• This is critical for reading
fluency

17. Visual Count
• The concept of number
is important for basic
arithmetic operations
• But it also helps with
estimating the size of a
word, so we know where
to position our eyes when
reading

18. Visual Span
• The window of visual
attention
• A reduced visual span
results in slower reading
speed

19. Auditory
Discrimination
• The discrimination of
differences in sound such
as the pitch or gaps
between sounds
• Supports spelling and
following verbal
instructions

20. A Long Lasting Development ALL of these rapid
visual & auditory
processing skills
CONTINUE to develop
until the end of
school!
The development is
steepest up until 10
years of age

21. •This takes about 45 minutes
•But it can be done in groups!
These skills can be
tested on the iPad

22. Because these skills
are learned, they
can also be trained!

23. Who Can Benefit?
• Mild to moderate LD’s
• Dyslexia
• Mild Developmental
Delays
• ADHD
• ASD
• Post concussion
• At least 20% of all
students!
• What about others?

24. Improving visual & auditory input
may also help to improve learning
outcomes generally if a weakness is
found at this level.
Training can be done at a low cost per
child and takes around 10 minutes a
day. It does not require changing the
existing educational programme.

25. What About Traditional
Approaches?
• In the US, NAEP
reading scores
remained flat whilst
spending increased by
2.3x (1971 to 2004)
• This trend continued
to 2019 with spending
increasing by 3.2x
(1971 to 2019)
• Time to look at other
factors?

26. Limehills School (primary & intermediate)
“ICEPT training continues to have a very positive impact on
the visual and auditory processing skills of our learners,
which is leading to significant improvements in literacy
achievement and self-esteem. The programme is well
targeted to meet the specific needs of individual students
and is easily integrated into our Literacy programmes."
– Jim Turrell (Principal)

27. “Since doing the ICEPT program, I have seen remarkable
improvement. All of the students on the programme can
now track from left to right and have an awareness of left
to right. They are having greater accuracy with their
tracking and aren’t losing their place as easily. Teachers
have also noticed an improvement in student’s fluency
and reading abilities …..”
- Tineke (Learning Support Co-ordinator)
Lynmore Primary School

28. END
For more information
contact Stuart Warren at
info@visionforlearning.co.nz