Learning occurs through gaining understanding of a subject, interpreting it in our own words, using new knowledge with existing skills, and applying the new knowledge. Memory involves storing information in the short-term and transferring it to the long-term memory by making connections between information. During sleep, the brain tidies ideas, erases less important memories, strengthens important memories, and rehearses difficult learning through dreams. Controlling procrastination involves identifying triggers, creating work routines, rewarding good habits, and changing beliefs about one's abilities.