This document provides information on leadership, including definitions of leadership, characteristics of good leaders, and key aspects of effective leadership. Some key points:
- Leadership is defined as guiding and influencing others to accomplish goals.
- Level 5 leadership involves creating more leaders, being "WE-centric" rather than "I-centric", having ferocious resolve, and channeling ambition into the company rather than oneself.
- The 3 elements of great leadership are support, respect, and trust.
- Key aspects of everyday leadership include talent management, communication, problem solving, and culture building.
- Vision and direction, communication, talent development, and prioritization are discussed as important leadership responsibilities.
More and more CEOS are retaining executive coaches. Unfortunately, there are still too many who do not. My proven approach to coaching CEOS is described in this PDF presentation.
Are you looking for new ways to increase engagement, boost your performance and your business results? Learn how to use your strengths and how to cross-train to bring out the best in yourself and the teams you work with. This fast paced 30 minute webinar by Bob Wiele highlights the new findings from How to Be Exceptional, Mc Graw Hill 2012, by industry leaders John Zenger, Joseph Folkman, Robert Sherwin and Barbara Steel and others in the high performance field.times.
More and more CEOS are retaining executive coaches. Unfortunately, there are still too many who do not. My proven approach to coaching CEOS is described in this PDF presentation.
Are you looking for new ways to increase engagement, boost your performance and your business results? Learn how to use your strengths and how to cross-train to bring out the best in yourself and the teams you work with. This fast paced 30 minute webinar by Bob Wiele highlights the new findings from How to Be Exceptional, Mc Graw Hill 2012, by industry leaders John Zenger, Joseph Folkman, Robert Sherwin and Barbara Steel and others in the high performance field.times.
You probably had a tough time proving your worth as a true leader during the last appraisal interview. Or maybe you’re a focused professional who’s willing to brush up on the leadership management skills for a successful career graph ahead.
How to Unlock the Hidden Value in Your Emerging Leaders | Webinar 12.23.15BizLibrary
In this program, Chris Osborn of BizLibrary will discuss the most effective ways to give your most promising workers the tools and skills they to advance their careers. You’ll learn how to approach leadership with an intelligent, forward-thinking outlook that will return excellent results and inspire others.
www.bizlibrary.com
The Secret Sauce to a Successful Workplace - Being a Micro ManagerTravis Smith
The term micro manager is often misused. Successful leaders focus on supporting and serving their employees while having successful performance management programs in place. When done correctly performance, development and company initiatives can all be achieved in parallel with one another.
“To add value to others, one must first value others.” - John Maxwell
This presentation is based on Leadership training
for new businessman, entrepreneur and other management student ...
Please click like if u find out helpful and do share with others
Knowledge is for all
Keep Following
Rahul Kunwar
rajcite@gmail.com
08051139888
Corporate Trainer & Motivational Speaker
Mumbai, Maharashtra
Forward-thinking organisations are constantly on the lookout for the right leaders to help drive growth and stay competitive.
To stay top of the mind means having the right leader at the helm of affairs. It doesn’t matter the depth of your investment, with the wrong set of leaders,your organisation will struggle.
You sure want a leader that can inspire employees and serve as a rallying point.
The right leadership remains the fail-proof for organisations looking to scale the many hurdles inherent to the business landscape. Therefore, securing the right leadership for your organisation is imperative.
In this deck, you will learn how to help your organisation to scale and remain competitive with the right leadership.
You’ll also learn,
• What today’s leadership entails
• What it means to be a Collaborative leader
• Six reasons to adopt a Collaborative leadership style
• The benefits of Collaborative leadership to your organisation
Top Pillars | Leadership skills by Salameh MahasnehTop Pillars
https://toppillars.com
Upon the successful completion of the course, each participant will be able to:
Apply and gain a basic knowledge on leadership.
Discuss the techniques and skills that contribute to a leadership style.
Identify the basics of leadership and motivation.
Carryout various methods of developing and empowering people through training, coaching, supporting and delegating.
Apply situational leadership
Best Practices for Developing Your Emerging LeadersBizLibrary
Many organizations are facing a potentially disastrous drain on top talent as an increasing number of employees approach retirement. Unfortunately, most employers don’t have strategic-level initiatives in place to capture and retain the knowledge that's about to leave, and they don't have replacement talent ready to step into leadership as these roles open up.
Employers also feel they can't engage and retain early career talent long enough to fill leadership roles…but what if you approached the whole challenge a little bit differently? What if you looked at creative ways to tap into the vast talent pool of our emerging leaders today, and not wait until we promote them into designated leadership positions?
In this webinar you'll learn:
5 ways to unlock the hidden value in your emerging leaders
The business impact of investing in your current talent
How to approach leadership with an intelligent, forward-thinking outlook that will return excellent results and inspire others
From Peer to Leader: How to Develop Your First-Time ManagersBizLibrary
The transition from individual contributor to manager can be a daunting task. A survey by CEB, now Gartner, revealed that more than 50% of new managers fail. Balancing new responsibilities while learning how to lead former peers is a common challenge that most first-time managers struggle to overcome.
During this webinar, Learning & Development Manager Libby Mullen will discuss this challenge and five others that new managers face. She’ll explain why management training is a crucial element to success as your newly promoted managers transition to roles that require new, and frequently unfamiliar, skills and competencies.
Key takeaways:
Identify key strengths and improve weaknesses of first-time managers
Improve the relationship of new managers and their employees through emotional intelligence development and coaching techniques
Create a training plan that builds confidence and increases productivity for your new managers
All managers need some guidance on the whys and hows of coaching, but most organizations can’t afford to train them on a large scale, so the least you can do is make an effort to create a culture of coaching. The key is to create a pool of manager-coaches who can be role models, supporters and sustainers of a coaching mindset.
When you select the right people and invest in their development and position them as coaching advocates, you plant the seeds for expanding coaching well beyond the individual manager-direct report relationship. Your role models demonstrate effective coaching both formally and informally, and they help motivate others to use and improve their own coaching capabilities.
Always link the purpose and results of coaching to the business. Managers have to know the business case for coaching and developing others if they’re to value it and use it effectively. Where is the business headed? What leadership skills are needed to get us there? How should coaches work with direct reports to provide the feedback, information and experiences they need to build those needed skills? Set strategic coaching goals, tactics and measures for the organization as well as including coaching as an individual metric.
Avy-Loren is a Strategic Global Business Consultant that also provides a narrow audience of CEOs, Senior Executives, and Leaders specialized and bespoke Advisory, Coaching, Mentoring, Training, and strategic consulting services, and with expertise in startups and developing CEOs and leadership skills and training.
As a trusted advisor to hundreds of CEOs around the globe, CEOs and leaders seek out his unique services that are customized for the specific needs of the individual. As a result, he earned the nickname "CEO Whisperer" by his clients due to his unique ability to tap into their minds, helping them achieve their desired objectives both professionally and personally.
Best Practices for Developing Your Emerging LeadersBizLibrary
In this webinar, Jeremy Lieb of BizLibrary will discuss the most effective ways to give your most promising workers the tools and skills they to advance their careers. You’ll learn how to approach leadership with an intelligent, forward-thinking outlook that will return excellent results and inspire others.
www.bizlibrary.com
Cracking the Workplace Discipline Code Main.pptxWorkforce Group
Cultivating and maintaining discipline within teams is a critical differentiator for successful organisations.
Forward-thinking leaders and business managers understand the impact that discipline has on organisational success. A disciplined workforce operates with clarity, focus, and a shared understanding of expectations, ultimately driving better results, optimising productivity, and facilitating seamless collaboration.
Although discipline is not a one-size-fits-all approach, it can help create a work environment that encourages personal growth and accountability rather than solely relying on punitive measures.
In this deck, you will learn the significance of workplace discipline for organisational success. You’ll also learn
• Four (4) workplace discipline methods you should consider
• The best and most practical approach to implementing workplace discipline.
• Three (3) key tips to maintain a disciplined workplace.
What are the main advantages of using HR recruiter services.pdfHumanResourceDimensi1
HR recruiter services offer top talents to companies according to their specific needs. They handle all recruitment tasks from job posting to onboarding and help companies concentrate on their business growth. With their expertise and years of experience, they streamline the hiring process and save time and resources for the company.
You probably had a tough time proving your worth as a true leader during the last appraisal interview. Or maybe you’re a focused professional who’s willing to brush up on the leadership management skills for a successful career graph ahead.
How to Unlock the Hidden Value in Your Emerging Leaders | Webinar 12.23.15BizLibrary
In this program, Chris Osborn of BizLibrary will discuss the most effective ways to give your most promising workers the tools and skills they to advance their careers. You’ll learn how to approach leadership with an intelligent, forward-thinking outlook that will return excellent results and inspire others.
www.bizlibrary.com
The Secret Sauce to a Successful Workplace - Being a Micro ManagerTravis Smith
The term micro manager is often misused. Successful leaders focus on supporting and serving their employees while having successful performance management programs in place. When done correctly performance, development and company initiatives can all be achieved in parallel with one another.
“To add value to others, one must first value others.” - John Maxwell
This presentation is based on Leadership training
for new businessman, entrepreneur and other management student ...
Please click like if u find out helpful and do share with others
Knowledge is for all
Keep Following
Rahul Kunwar
rajcite@gmail.com
08051139888
Corporate Trainer & Motivational Speaker
Mumbai, Maharashtra
Forward-thinking organisations are constantly on the lookout for the right leaders to help drive growth and stay competitive.
To stay top of the mind means having the right leader at the helm of affairs. It doesn’t matter the depth of your investment, with the wrong set of leaders,your organisation will struggle.
You sure want a leader that can inspire employees and serve as a rallying point.
The right leadership remains the fail-proof for organisations looking to scale the many hurdles inherent to the business landscape. Therefore, securing the right leadership for your organisation is imperative.
In this deck, you will learn how to help your organisation to scale and remain competitive with the right leadership.
You’ll also learn,
• What today’s leadership entails
• What it means to be a Collaborative leader
• Six reasons to adopt a Collaborative leadership style
• The benefits of Collaborative leadership to your organisation
Top Pillars | Leadership skills by Salameh MahasnehTop Pillars
https://toppillars.com
Upon the successful completion of the course, each participant will be able to:
Apply and gain a basic knowledge on leadership.
Discuss the techniques and skills that contribute to a leadership style.
Identify the basics of leadership and motivation.
Carryout various methods of developing and empowering people through training, coaching, supporting and delegating.
Apply situational leadership
Best Practices for Developing Your Emerging LeadersBizLibrary
Many organizations are facing a potentially disastrous drain on top talent as an increasing number of employees approach retirement. Unfortunately, most employers don’t have strategic-level initiatives in place to capture and retain the knowledge that's about to leave, and they don't have replacement talent ready to step into leadership as these roles open up.
Employers also feel they can't engage and retain early career talent long enough to fill leadership roles…but what if you approached the whole challenge a little bit differently? What if you looked at creative ways to tap into the vast talent pool of our emerging leaders today, and not wait until we promote them into designated leadership positions?
In this webinar you'll learn:
5 ways to unlock the hidden value in your emerging leaders
The business impact of investing in your current talent
How to approach leadership with an intelligent, forward-thinking outlook that will return excellent results and inspire others
From Peer to Leader: How to Develop Your First-Time ManagersBizLibrary
The transition from individual contributor to manager can be a daunting task. A survey by CEB, now Gartner, revealed that more than 50% of new managers fail. Balancing new responsibilities while learning how to lead former peers is a common challenge that most first-time managers struggle to overcome.
During this webinar, Learning & Development Manager Libby Mullen will discuss this challenge and five others that new managers face. She’ll explain why management training is a crucial element to success as your newly promoted managers transition to roles that require new, and frequently unfamiliar, skills and competencies.
Key takeaways:
Identify key strengths and improve weaknesses of first-time managers
Improve the relationship of new managers and their employees through emotional intelligence development and coaching techniques
Create a training plan that builds confidence and increases productivity for your new managers
All managers need some guidance on the whys and hows of coaching, but most organizations can’t afford to train them on a large scale, so the least you can do is make an effort to create a culture of coaching. The key is to create a pool of manager-coaches who can be role models, supporters and sustainers of a coaching mindset.
When you select the right people and invest in their development and position them as coaching advocates, you plant the seeds for expanding coaching well beyond the individual manager-direct report relationship. Your role models demonstrate effective coaching both formally and informally, and they help motivate others to use and improve their own coaching capabilities.
Always link the purpose and results of coaching to the business. Managers have to know the business case for coaching and developing others if they’re to value it and use it effectively. Where is the business headed? What leadership skills are needed to get us there? How should coaches work with direct reports to provide the feedback, information and experiences they need to build those needed skills? Set strategic coaching goals, tactics and measures for the organization as well as including coaching as an individual metric.
Avy-Loren is a Strategic Global Business Consultant that also provides a narrow audience of CEOs, Senior Executives, and Leaders specialized and bespoke Advisory, Coaching, Mentoring, Training, and strategic consulting services, and with expertise in startups and developing CEOs and leadership skills and training.
As a trusted advisor to hundreds of CEOs around the globe, CEOs and leaders seek out his unique services that are customized for the specific needs of the individual. As a result, he earned the nickname "CEO Whisperer" by his clients due to his unique ability to tap into their minds, helping them achieve their desired objectives both professionally and personally.
Best Practices for Developing Your Emerging LeadersBizLibrary
In this webinar, Jeremy Lieb of BizLibrary will discuss the most effective ways to give your most promising workers the tools and skills they to advance their careers. You’ll learn how to approach leadership with an intelligent, forward-thinking outlook that will return excellent results and inspire others.
www.bizlibrary.com
Cracking the Workplace Discipline Code Main.pptxWorkforce Group
Cultivating and maintaining discipline within teams is a critical differentiator for successful organisations.
Forward-thinking leaders and business managers understand the impact that discipline has on organisational success. A disciplined workforce operates with clarity, focus, and a shared understanding of expectations, ultimately driving better results, optimising productivity, and facilitating seamless collaboration.
Although discipline is not a one-size-fits-all approach, it can help create a work environment that encourages personal growth and accountability rather than solely relying on punitive measures.
In this deck, you will learn the significance of workplace discipline for organisational success. You’ll also learn
• Four (4) workplace discipline methods you should consider
• The best and most practical approach to implementing workplace discipline.
• Three (3) key tips to maintain a disciplined workplace.
What are the main advantages of using HR recruiter services.pdfHumanResourceDimensi1
HR recruiter services offer top talents to companies according to their specific needs. They handle all recruitment tasks from job posting to onboarding and help companies concentrate on their business growth. With their expertise and years of experience, they streamline the hiring process and save time and resources for the company.
Memorandum Of Association Constitution of Company.pptseri bangash
www.seribangash.com
A Memorandum of Association (MOA) is a legal document that outlines the fundamental principles and objectives upon which a company operates. It serves as the company's charter or constitution and defines the scope of its activities. Here's a detailed note on the MOA:
Contents of Memorandum of Association:
Name Clause: This clause states the name of the company, which should end with words like "Limited" or "Ltd." for a public limited company and "Private Limited" or "Pvt. Ltd." for a private limited company.
https://seribangash.com/article-of-association-is-legal-doc-of-company/
Registered Office Clause: It specifies the location where the company's registered office is situated. This office is where all official communications and notices are sent.
Objective Clause: This clause delineates the main objectives for which the company is formed. It's important to define these objectives clearly, as the company cannot undertake activities beyond those mentioned in this clause.
www.seribangash.com
Liability Clause: It outlines the extent of liability of the company's members. In the case of companies limited by shares, the liability of members is limited to the amount unpaid on their shares. For companies limited by guarantee, members' liability is limited to the amount they undertake to contribute if the company is wound up.
https://seribangash.com/promotors-is-person-conceived-formation-company/
Capital Clause: This clause specifies the authorized capital of the company, i.e., the maximum amount of share capital the company is authorized to issue. It also mentions the division of this capital into shares and their respective nominal value.
Association Clause: It simply states that the subscribers wish to form a company and agree to become members of it, in accordance with the terms of the MOA.
Importance of Memorandum of Association:
Legal Requirement: The MOA is a legal requirement for the formation of a company. It must be filed with the Registrar of Companies during the incorporation process.
Constitutional Document: It serves as the company's constitutional document, defining its scope, powers, and limitations.
Protection of Members: It protects the interests of the company's members by clearly defining the objectives and limiting their liability.
External Communication: It provides clarity to external parties, such as investors, creditors, and regulatory authorities, regarding the company's objectives and powers.
https://seribangash.com/difference-public-and-private-company-law/
Binding Authority: The company and its members are bound by the provisions of the MOA. Any action taken beyond its scope may be considered ultra vires (beyond the powers) of the company and therefore void.
Amendment of MOA:
While the MOA lays down the company's fundamental principles, it is not entirely immutable. It can be amended, but only under specific circumstances and in compliance with legal procedures. Amendments typically require shareholder
Attending a job Interview for B1 and B2 Englsih learnersErika906060
It is a sample of an interview for a business english class for pre-intermediate and intermediate english students with emphasis on the speking ability.
Personal Brand Statement:
As an Army veteran dedicated to lifelong learning, I bring a disciplined, strategic mindset to my pursuits. I am constantly expanding my knowledge to innovate and lead effectively. My journey is driven by a commitment to excellence, and to make a meaningful impact in the world.
Discover the innovative and creative projects that highlight my journey throu...dylandmeas
Discover the innovative and creative projects that highlight my journey through Full Sail University. Below, you’ll find a collection of my work showcasing my skills and expertise in digital marketing, event planning, and media production.
3.0 Project 2_ Developing My Brand Identity Kit.pptxtanyjahb
A personal brand exploration presentation summarizes an individual's unique qualities and goals, covering strengths, values, passions, and target audience. It helps individuals understand what makes them stand out, their desired image, and how they aim to achieve it.
[Note: This is a partial preview. To download this presentation, visit:
https://www.oeconsulting.com.sg/training-presentations]
Sustainability has become an increasingly critical topic as the world recognizes the need to protect our planet and its resources for future generations. Sustainability means meeting our current needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet theirs. It involves long-term planning and consideration of the consequences of our actions. The goal is to create strategies that ensure the long-term viability of People, Planet, and Profit.
Leading companies such as Nike, Toyota, and Siemens are prioritizing sustainable innovation in their business models, setting an example for others to follow. In this Sustainability training presentation, you will learn key concepts, principles, and practices of sustainability applicable across industries. This training aims to create awareness and educate employees, senior executives, consultants, and other key stakeholders, including investors, policymakers, and supply chain partners, on the importance and implementation of sustainability.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
1. Develop a comprehensive understanding of the fundamental principles and concepts that form the foundation of sustainability within corporate environments.
2. Explore the sustainability implementation model, focusing on effective measures and reporting strategies to track and communicate sustainability efforts.
3. Identify and define best practices and critical success factors essential for achieving sustainability goals within organizations.
CONTENTS
1. Introduction and Key Concepts of Sustainability
2. Principles and Practices of Sustainability
3. Measures and Reporting in Sustainability
4. Sustainability Implementation & Best Practices
To download the complete presentation, visit: https://www.oeconsulting.com.sg/training-presentations
What is the TDS Return Filing Due Date for FY 2024-25.pdfseoforlegalpillers
It is crucial for the taxpayers to understand about the TDS Return Filing Due Date, so that they can fulfill your TDS obligations efficiently. Taxpayers can avoid penalties by sticking to the deadlines and by accurate filing of TDS. Timely filing of TDS will make sure about the availability of tax credits. You can also seek the professional guidance of experts like Legal Pillers for timely filing of the TDS Return.
Explore our most comprehensive guide on lookback analysis at SafePaaS, covering access governance and how it can transform modern ERP audits. Browse now!
"𝑩𝑬𝑮𝑼𝑵 𝑾𝑰𝑻𝑯 𝑻𝑱 𝑰𝑺 𝑯𝑨𝑳𝑭 𝑫𝑶𝑵𝑬"
𝐓𝐉 𝐂𝐨𝐦𝐬 (𝐓𝐉 𝐂𝐨𝐦𝐦𝐮𝐧𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬) is a professional event agency that includes experts in the event-organizing market in Vietnam, Korea, and ASEAN countries. We provide unlimited types of events from Music concerts, Fan meetings, and Culture festivals to Corporate events, Internal company events, Golf tournaments, MICE events, and Exhibitions.
𝐓𝐉 𝐂𝐨𝐦𝐬 provides unlimited package services including such as Event organizing, Event planning, Event production, Manpower, PR marketing, Design 2D/3D, VIP protocols, Interpreter agency, etc.
Sports events - Golf competitions/billiards competitions/company sports events: dynamic and challenging
⭐ 𝐅𝐞𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐣𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐬:
➢ 2024 BAEKHYUN [Lonsdaleite] IN HO CHI MINH
➢ SUPER JUNIOR-L.S.S. THE SHOW : Th3ee Guys in HO CHI MINH
➢FreenBecky 1st Fan Meeting in Vietnam
➢CHILDREN ART EXHIBITION 2024: BEYOND BARRIERS
➢ WOW K-Music Festival 2023
➢ Winner [CROSS] Tour in HCM
➢ Super Show 9 in HCM with Super Junior
➢ HCMC - Gyeongsangbuk-do Culture and Tourism Festival
➢ Korean Vietnam Partnership - Fair with LG
➢ Korean President visits Samsung Electronics R&D Center
➢ Vietnam Food Expo with Lotte Wellfood
"𝐄𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐲 𝐞𝐯𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐢𝐬 𝐚 𝐬𝐭𝐨𝐫𝐲, 𝐚 𝐬𝐩𝐞𝐜𝐢𝐚𝐥 𝐣𝐨𝐮𝐫𝐧𝐞𝐲. 𝐖𝐞 𝐚𝐥𝐰𝐚𝐲𝐬 𝐛𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐞𝐯𝐞 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐬𝐡𝐨𝐫𝐭𝐥𝐲 𝐲𝐨𝐮 𝐰𝐢𝐥𝐥 𝐛𝐞 𝐚 𝐩𝐚𝐫𝐭 𝐨𝐟 𝐨𝐮𝐫 𝐬𝐭𝐨𝐫𝐢𝐞𝐬."
5. Level 5 Leadership
1. Creating more leaders - setting up the company for
success
2. “WE-centric” instead of “I-centric” — Window & Mirror
3. Reachable, almost ordinary people producing
extraordinary results
4. Ferocious resolve to do what needs to be done - inspires
standards, not charisma
5. Channels ambition into the company, not the self.
6. The 3 Elements of Great Leadership
A great manager helps people become more
effective in their job and to grow and develop.
Support + Respect + Trust
7. Everyday Leadership
1. Talent Management
2. Staff Meetings & 1-on-1s
3. Problem Solving Using First Principles
4. Communication & Conflict Management
5. A Culture of Innovation
8. 1. Vision & Direction
● Where the company is going and why
● They create the company’s vision (must include all the team’s vision too)
● Tool: Vivid Vision by Cameron Harold - Living document shared with all the
company. Everyone contributes on the long-term vision
● This allows for alignment between personal and company goals. Also let’s
everyone see how they contribute
9. 2. Communication
● VALUES-A leader has to find the communication values for the company, that
will guide the way everyone communicates to each other
● FEEDBACK - Having a feedback culture elicits constant improvement. Also
allows you to spot problems before they develop.
● CONFLICT RESOLUTION- before tensions scale (Involves emotional
management). A leader has to prioritize verbal communication, specially for
sensitive topics.
10. 3. Talent Development
This area involves the process that starts with recruitment to developing your
team members. This is why coaching is a key skill to have.
“Hire for attitude, not for skills”
Knowing your team members, their personality, their strengths, and the areas they
want to improve will help you reduce turnover and increase loyalty
When you invest in career growth, your team members will have intrinsic
motivation, be more creative and more productive
11. 4. Prioritization
This is a key aspect to balance company growth with employee wellbeing
LERR strategy to prioritize
Leverage: Is the new idea leveraging on what is already working for your business
now?
Ease: Is it easy enough to execute and get results?
Risk: How risky is the idea? If it fails, what would you lose?
Return of Investment: Will you get a return on the time and money you invest.
Do, Delegate or Delete - 20% of your efforts create 80% of your results
12. How to know when the leadership is failing
● Lack of trust
● Fear of conflict
● Lack of clarity
● No committed action
13. Coaching Pods
Coach a leader into creating a Vivid Vision for their company
● Say you sit and travel in a time machine 3 years into the future, The date is
31st December, 3 years into the future.
● What does your ideal life look, sound and feel like?
● Include your vision for your personal life as well as your business
Person 1 - Coach
Person 2 - Leader
