7. R = ρ = resistivity l = length A = cross sectional area
8. S.I. unit : V (voltage) Produced by Established by CURRENT ELECTRICITY S.I. unit for Q : C ( coulomb) Electric current, I Constitutes an Formula is a study of Consists of positive and negative charges Q Moving charges, Q I = where t is time in seconds) S.I. unit for I: A (Ampere) V= , W is electrical energy converted Formula Potential Difference, p.d., V E = where W = work done by source Formula e.m.f., e Resistance, R Formula R = S.I. unit for R: Ω, Ohms ρ = resistivity l = length A = cross sectional area