The document discusses laws of exponents and properties that can be used to simplify expressions with exponents. It explains that exponents tell how many times to use the base number in multiplication. Some key properties covered include adding exponents when multiplying terms with a common base, subtracting exponents when dividing terms with a common base, changing the position of the numerator/denominator and changing the sign of the exponent for negative exponents, and multiplying the powers together when applying the power rule. It also notes that any number raised to the power of 0 is equal to 1.