1. EFFORT BAPTIST CHURCH SCHOOL
SUBMITTED TO:
MR. MYLEMOR
SUBMITTED BY:
LAWRENSO P. BARKOR
PURPOSE:
BIOLOGY ASSIGMENT
DATE:
SEPTEMBER 18, 2023
CLASS:
111
2. 1). Rabies
Causative agent of rabies
Rabies is a viral disease that is spread through the animal bite; such as dog. It is caused by the
infection of rabies virus.
Mode of transmission of rabies
Rabies virus is transmitted through direct contact (such as through broken skin or mucous
membranes in the eyes, nose, or mouth) with saliva or brain/nervous system tissue from an
infected animal.
Signs/Symptoms of Rabies
The signs and symptoms of rabies are: fever, headache, nausea, vomiting, agitation, anxiety,
confusion and hyperactivity.
Preventions/treatment of rabies
The treatment/ prevention of rabies are: antivirals, monoclonal antibodies, and vaccines are
the treatment of rabies.
2). Measles
Causative agent of measles
Measles is cause by an extremely contagious virus called Morbillivirus
Mode of transmission of measles
Measles is transmitted by direct contact with infectious droplets or by airborne spread when an
infected person breathes, coughs, or sneezer.
Signs/Symptoms of measles
Measles symptoms appear 7 to 14 days after contact with the virus and typically include high
fever, cough, runny nose, and water eyes. Measles rash appear 3.
Preventions/treatment of measles
Measles can be prevented with measles-containing vaccine, which is primarily administered as
the combination measles mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine.
3). Poliomyelitis
Causative agent of poliomyelitis
Causative agent of poliomyelitis or polio, is a disabling of life threating disease caused by
poliovirus.
3. Mode of transmission of poliomyelitis
Polio or Poliomyelitis spreads from person-to-person through contact with the poop (often tiny,
invisible amounts) of an infected person. More rarely, it can spread through the sneeze or
cough droplets from an infected person.
Signs/Symptoms of poliomyelitis
Poliomyelitis signs/symptoms are: Sore throat, fever, tiredness, nausea, headache, and stomach
pain.
Preventions/treatment of poliomyelitis
Preventions/treatment of poliomyelitis are: NSAIDs like Ibuprofen, Diclofenac and
Acetaminofen are preferred.
4). Cholera
Causative agent of Cholera
Cholera is an acute diarrheal illness caused by infection of the intestine with Vibria, cholerae
bacteria.
Mode of transmission of Cholera
It is spread by eating or drinking food or water contaminated by the feces (poop) of an infected
person.
Signs/Symptoms of Cholera
Signs / symptoms of cholera are: profuse watery diarrhea, sometimes described a “rice-water
stools” vomiting, thirst, leg cramps and restlessness or irritability.
Preventions/treatment of Cholera
Most people with cholera can be helped by oral rehydration alone, but severally dehydrated
people might also need intravenous fluids and antibiotic.
5). Typhoid
Causative agent of Typhoid
Typhoid fever is a life-threatening infection caused by the bacterium salmonella typhi.
Mode of transmission of Typhoid
Typhoid fever are transmitted commonly through the consumption of drinking water or food
contaminated with feces of people who are fever or of people who are chronic carries of the
responsible bacteria.
4. Signs/Symptoms of Typhoid
Signs and symptoms of typhoid include: high fever, headache, belly pain, and either
constipation or diarrhea.
Preventions/treatment of Typhoid
Typhoid fever is common in place with poor sanitation and a lack of safe drinking water. Access
to safe drinking water adequate sanitation, hygiene among food handlers and typhoid
vaccination are all effective in preventing typhoid fever.
6). Tetanus
Causative agent of Tetanus
Tetanus is an infection caused by a bacterium called clostridium tetani.
Mode of transmission of Tetanus
Tetanus is spread by direct transfer of C. tetani spores from soil and excreta of animals and
humans towards wounds and cuts.
Signs/Symptoms of Tetanus
Sign and symptoms of tetanus are: jaw cramping, sudden, involuntary muscle spasm-often in
the stomach, painful muscle stiffness all over the body, trouble swallowing, seizures (jerking or
staring) headache, fever and sweating, and changes in blood pressure and heart rate.
Preventions/treatment of Tetanus
Vaccination with one of the standard tetanus vaccinations helps your immune system fight the
toxins. Antibiotics give either orally or by injection may fight tetanus bacteria.
7). Tuberculosis
Causative agent of Tuberculosis
Tuberculosis (TB) is caused by a bacterium called Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Mode of transmission of Tuberculosis
Tuberculosis is transmitted through the air not by surface contact. Transmission occurs when a
person inhales droplet nuclei containing M.tuberculosis, and the droplet nuchei traverse the
mouth or nasal passages, upper respiratory tract and bronchi to reach the alveoli of the lung.
Signs/Symptoms of Tuberculosis
Signs/Symptoms of Tuberculosis are: a cough that more than three weeks, loss of appetite and
unintentional weight loss, fever, chills, and night sweats.
5. Preventions/treatment of Tuberculosis
The risks of infection can be reduced by using a few simple precautions:
Good ventilation: as TB can remain suspended in the air for several hours with no ventilation.
Natural light: UV light kills off TB bacteria.
Good Hygiene: covering the mouth and nose or sneezing when coughing or sneezing reduces
the spread of TB bacteria.
8). Gonorrhea
Causative agent of Gonorrhea
Gonorrhea is a sexually transmitted disease (STD) caused by infection with the Neisseria
gonorrhoeae bacterium.
Mode of transmission of Gonorrhea
Gonorrhea is transmitted through sexual contact with the penis, vagina, mouth or anus of an
infected partner.
Signs/Symptoms of Gonorrhea
Abstaining from sex is the surest way to prevent gonorrhea. But if you choose to have sex, use a
condom during any type of sexual contact, including anal sex, oral sex, or vaginal sex. Limit your
number of sex partners.
Preventions/treatment of Gonorrhea
The signs and symptoms of gonorrhea are: greater frequency or urgency of urination, rectal
bleeding or discharge, itching and soreness in your anus, testicular swelling or pain and a plus-
like discharge or drip from your penis (this discharge could be yellow, white, beige, or greenish).
9). Syphilis
Causative agent of Syphilis
Syphilis is a sexually transmitted disease (STD) caused by the bacterium Treponemapallidum
Mode of transmission of Syphilis
Syphilis spread from person to person by direct contact with syphilitic sore, known as uchancre.
Signs/Symptoms of Syphilis
Signs and symptoms of syphilis are: fever, swollen lymph nodes, sore throat, patchy hair loss,
headaches, weight loss, muscles aches and fatigue.
Preventions/treatment of Syphilis
The only way to prevent syphilis and other (STDs) is to abstain from sex. If you’re sexually
active, you can reduce your risks of infection by always using a condom or dental dam during
sex. It’s important to use a condom properly to lower your chance of getting the infection.
6. 10). Amoebic Dysentery
Causative agent of Amoebic dysentery
Amoebic dysentery is caused by the protozoan parasite entamoeba histolytica.
Mode of transmission of Amoebic dysentery
A person get amebiasis by putting anything in their mouth that has touched infected feces or by
eating or drinking food or water contaminated with the parasite.
Signs/Symptoms of Amoebic dysentery
The symptoms are often quite mild and can include loose feces (poop), stomach pain, and
stomach cramping.
Preventions/treatment of Amoebic dysentery
The prevention/treatment of amoebic dysentery are: avoid eating raw fruits and vegetables;
avoid drinks with ice cubes, drink only sealed bottled water or boiled water before you drink it
if bottled water is unavailable. Wash your hands frequently with soup and water after using the
toilet or changing baby’s diaper.
11). Trypanosomiasis
Causative agent of Trypanosomiasis
It is caused by prozoans of the genus tryanosoma.
Mode of transmission of Trypanosomiasis
It is transmitted to humans by the bites of tsetse files (glossina) which have acquired from
infected humans or animals.
Signs/Symptoms of Trypanosomiasis
The sign symptoms, of try ponomisis are: fever, severe headaches, irritability, extremely
fatigue, swollen lymph nodes and aching muscles and joins are common symptoms.
Preventions/treatment of Trypanosomiasis
Prevention / treatment of try include: wear protective clothing, including tony-sleeved shirts
and pants, wear neutuarl-colored and clothing, inspect vehicles for tsetse files before entering,
avoid bushes and use insect repellant.
7. 12). Malaria
Causative agent of Malaria
Malaria is caused by protozoa of the genus plasmodium.
Mode of transmission of Malaria
Malaria is spread by the bite of an infected female anopheles mosquito
Signs/Symptoms of Malaria
Signs/ Symptoms of malaria are: chills, fever, and sweating, usually occurring a few weeks after
being bitten.
Preventions/treatment of Malaria
Taking anti malaria medication to kill the parasite and prevent becoming ill.
13). Tinea Versicolor
Causative agent of Tinea Versicolor
It is caused by themorphic lipophilic organism in the genus malasszia formerly known as
pityrosporum
Mode of transmission of Tinea Versicolor
They may also look dry or scaly. The rash is usually on the neck of, upperback, chest and
shoulders. It not spread from person.
Signs/Symptoms of Tinea Versicolor
Symptoms include: patches of skin that are lighter of darker than the surrounding skin often on
the trunk and shoulder.
Preventions/treatment of Tinea Versicolor
For a mild case of tinea versicolor, you can apply any over-the-counter antifungal location,
cream ointment or shampoo.
14). Ebola
Causative agent of Ebola
Ebola virus disease (EVD) formerly known as ebola haemorrhagic fever is caused by infection by
infection with ebola virus.
Mode of transmission of Ebola
Ebola is spread by direct contact with blood or other body fluids (such as: vomit, diarrhea,
urine, breast milk, sweat, semen of an infected person who has symptoms of ebola or who has
recently died from ebola.
8. Signs/Symptoms of Ebola
Initial symptoms include: fever headache, muscle pain, and chills. Later, a person may
experience internal bleeding resulting in vomiting or coughing blood.
Preventions/treatment of Ebola
Avoid contact with items that may have come in contact with an infected person’s blood or
body fluids (such as clothes, bedding, neddles, and medical equipment. Avoid funeral or burial
practices that involve touching the body someone who is suspected or confirmed to have ebola
disease.
15). Corona Virus
Causative agent of coronavirus
Infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome corona 2, also called SARS COV-19. The virus
that causes COVID -19 spreads easily among people.
Mode of transmission of coronavirus
An infected person can transmit the virus two days before the experience of symptoms,
indicating that the person symptomatic phase covid-19 is highly infectious (32)
Signs/Symptoms of coronavirus
Signs and symptoms of coronavirus are: fever or chills, cough, shortness of breath or difficulty
breathing, fatigue, muscle or body aches, headache.
Preventions/treatment of coronavirus
The best preventive measures include: getting vaccinated, wearing a mask during times of high
transmission, stay 6-feet apart, washing hands often and avoiding sick people.
