The document provides explanations of various Latin expressions and their meanings, with examples of usage. It includes terms like 'ibid.' for repeated citations, 'viz.' for clarification, 'inter alia' for 'among other things', and others that serve specific functions in writing. Each expression is defined with a description and an illustrative citation.

1. Latin Expressions
Expression Meaning Example
ibid.
=ibidem
Use to replace citing the last cited
source, over and over
= in the same place.
Barlow and Hogarth (2007)
argue[...]. Even the simple skill of
handwriting was replaced by
ungramatical abbreviattions (ibid).
Viz.
=Videlicet
Used to explain an idea or concept
with other words. Similar to "in other
words","namely", or "That is"
Stevenson (2007) underlines the
importance of education, vis. that a
learning society is important.
Viz-à-viz
A French word that means "face-to-
face" and is used to compare two ideas
Easter Philosophy vis-à-viz
Western Philosophy
Inter alia
This expression means: "among other
things"
Thompson (2004) belived that
personal fulfilment depended on,
inter alia, financial stability.
i.e. = id est Similar to "That is"
e.g. =
exempli gratia
This roman expression means "For
example"
ca = Circa
This expression is usually associated
with unprecised dates
= "about" or "approximately"