its about the laryngeal cancer and its management

1. LARYNGEAL CANCER
NEHA KEWAT
TUTOR

2. Laryngeal cancer is cancer of
the larynx, the larynx has
three parts-upper part is
supraglottis, middle part
is glottis, and lower part is
subglottis. The larynx
helps to breathe, speak, and
swallow. The epiglottis is
part of the supraglottis,
drops down over the larynx.
The vocal cords close to
keep food out of the lungs

3. RISK FACTORS
-Men more risk, because smoking and heavy alcohol
consumption
- History of head and neck cancer
- People who have exposure to sulfuric acid mist, wood dust,
nickel, asbestos or manufacturing mustard gas.
- Poor nutrition and vitamin deficiency
- Human papillomavirus (HPV)

4. ETIOLOGY
• Heavy alcohol use
• Poor nutrition
• Human papillomavirus exposure
• Immune system problems
• Workplace exposure to toxins, such as asbestos
• Certain genetic diseases, such as Fanconi anemia

7. CLINICAL MANIFESTATION
1.Persistent cough
2.Sore throat
3.Voice change, such as hoarseness
4.Pain or other difficulties when swallow
5.Lump in the neck or throat
6.Dysphonia, trouble making
7.Voice sounds
8.Ear pain
9.Dyspnea
10.Stridor, breathing is noisy and high-pitched
11.Hemoptysis

8. DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATIONS
1.History collection
2.Physical examination include throat examination to find the
any abnormal growth and swelling in the throat and larynx.
3.Fiberoptic nasal endoscopy helps to examine the entire
pharynx and larynx.
4.CT scan of the neck or head, or an MRI-to see the extent or
size of the tumor and cancer has spread to lymph nodes in the
neck.
5.Biopsy to study the pathological changes in the growth of the
tissues.

9. MANAGEMENT OF LARYNGEAL
CANCER
1.Radiation therapy -to kill cancer cells. It targets only the
tumor to minimize damage to the surrounding healthy tissue.
2.Chemotherapy -medications to kill or slow the growth of
cancer cells.
3.Immunotherapy -natural defenses, to help fight cancer.

10. 4.Surgery -for early laryngeal cancer, surgery can
remove the tumor while preserving the larynx.
5.For advanced cancer, surgeons often need to do
a laryngectomy, removing the entire larynx.

11. 6.Cordectomy-removes part or all of a vocal cord,
usually through the mouth.
7.Supraglottic laryngectomy-removes the
supraglottis,either through the neck or through the
mouth.

12. 8.Hemilaryngectomy-removes half the larynx, preserving your voice.

13. 9.Partial laryngectomy-removes part of the larynx so
you retain your ability to talk.
10.Total laryngectomy-removes the entire larynx,
through the neck.

14. 11.Thyroidectomy - removes all or part of the thyroid
gland.

15. 12.Laser surgery - removes a tumor in a bloodless
procedure using a laser beam.
13.Esophageal speech - it requires intensive therapy
for good results.

16. 14.Artificial larynx
(electrolarynx) - speech
pathologist helps to learn how to
use it.
15.Tracheoesophageal
puncture-it produces vibrations
the patient can use to speak. It
need to maintain and replace the
prosthesis regularly. But it
creates a smoother voice.

17. PREVENTION
1.Smoke, reduce or eliminate tobacco use in all
forms.
2.Avoid alcohol
3.Use proper safety equipment if exposed to
asbestos or other toxins at work.
4.Eat a healthy diet, including antioxidant-rich
foods.