3. Solution
Basically, strategies are methods or techniques that
individuals employ to solve problems.
• WHAT STRATEGIES HAVE YOU USED IN YOUR CLASSROOM ?
• WHICH ONES WERE SUCCESSFUL ?
• SHOULD WE NOT BE TEACHING LEARNERS HOW TO LEARN ?
5. Metacognitive
Metacognition is
developing a plan of action ( BEFORE)
maintaining and monitoring the plan ( DURING )
evaluating the plan (AFTER)
Moreover, metacognition is “an appreciation of what one
already knows, together with a correct apprehension of the
learning task and what knowledge and skills it requires,
combined with the ability to make correct inferences about
how to apply one’s strategic knowledge to a particular
situation, and to do so efficiently and reliably” (Peirce,
2003, p. 2).
6. BDA
Before : Developing the plan of action
What in my prior knowledge will help me with this particular task?
In what direction do I want my thinking to take me?
What should I do first?
Why am I reading this selection?
How much time do I have to complete the task?
During : Maintaining and monitoring
How am I doing?
Am I on the right track?
How should I proceed?
What information is important to remember?
Should I move in a different direction?
Should I adjust the pace depending on the difficulty?
What do I need to do if I do not understand?
After : Self-evaluation
How well did I do?
Did my particular course of thinking produce more or less than I had expected?
What could I have done differently?
How might I apply this line of thinking to other problems?
Do I need to go back through the task to fill in any "blanks" in my understanding?
7. COGNITIVE
Cognition is the act or process of knowing ,including
aspects such as awareness, perception, reasoning,
and judgment.
Through this process learners use cognitive strategies
to construct knowledge in order to learn more
successfully.
Can you name a few cognitive strategies that may
enable learners to understand and develop language
proficiency required to communicate effectively ?
9. SOCIOAFFECTIVE
Socioaffective strategies are the strategies that help learners
regulate and control emotions, motivations, and attitudes
towards learning, as well as help learners learn through contact
and interaction with others (O'Malley & Chamot, 1990).
Asking questions
Cooperation
Empathizing with others
Lowering anxiety
Motivation
Teacher/student relationship …
10. Strategies-based instruction
SBI
In sum, strategies-based instruction enables learners to be
more aware of their learning styles and preferences and
consequently increase the level of achievement as well as
their level of self-confidence. In addition, SBI helps
learners to become more responsible for their learning so
that they may become autonomous and acquire the
abilities to face real-life situations.
Part two will deal with the application of SBI in the
classroom and the two operational competencies addressed
in the ESL courses.
13. MAINTAINING AND MONITORING
Stop periodically
to verify if you
do understand
Re-read
summarizeApply fix-ups
What to do if I
don’t understand What
worked
for me
14. A TIME TO GIVE
Christmas is a Christian
festival, celebrated in different
ways by different countries. On
Christmas day, people gather
with family and friends to enjoy
a festive meal and exchange
presents.
STRATEGIES
- Read the title
- Look at the picture
- Read the bold
characters
- Guess …
SAMPLE READING EXERCICE
Editor's Notes
English as a Second Language
Adult Education
Specific learning strategies ( mid 70’s )
Excerpted from Strategic Teaching and Reading Project Guidebook. (1995, NCREL, rev. ed.).
