The document discusses the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR), which divides language proficiency into 6 levels from A1 to C2. The CEFR was developed in Europe in the late 20th century and adopted by the European Union in 2001 as a standard for describing language ability. Under the CEFR, language learners are divided into 3 broad categories - A1 and A2, B1 and B2, and C1 and C2 - with each category split into 2 sublevels to give the total of 6 levels.