Ancient cities like Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa from 3000 BC had advanced landscaping with trees like the Pipal and Weeping Willow. Le Corbusier emphasized the importance of nature for human health. The document provides guidelines for landscape design elements like parking lots, drainage, planting materials, lawns, fencing, lighting and street furniture. It discusses creating a landscape plan that frames views and uses trees, shrubs and vegetation irregularly. The development plan includes earth filling, walls, utilities, roads and drainage.

2. Ancient Enigma of Landscaping
Mohen-jo-daro (3 B.C.)
Pipal – Ficus religiosa
Harappa –
Weeping willow- Salix babylonica
“Unless the conditions of the
nature reestablished in man’s life,
he can not be healthy in body and
mind.”
Le- Corbusier:
Urban explosion:
City Population
in 2000 (in
lac)
Average annual
growth 1950- 2000
(in %)
Faridabad 10.18 8
Durg Bhilai 9.05 7.9
Ghaziabad 9.28 6.4
Chandigarh 7.91 6.2
Guwahati 7.97 6

3. Countryside
 Design
 Landscaping and plantings
 Planting material
 Lawn specification
 Drainage facilities
 Irrigation
 Enrichment Items:
 Fencing
 Lighting
 Street furniture
 Farmhouse complexes:
 Residential landscaping
 Non- residential landscaping

4. Walks

6. Parking lots
 The landscape design shall provide for:
 Minimum 1 tree per 3 parking spaces.
 Group trees together in islands (min. of 3m wide)
 Breaking large expanses of pavement and to create a tree
canopy for summer shade.
 Minimum of 1 shrub per 15m² of landscaped area.
 Group plantings in landscape islands.

7.  Limit areas of irrigated turf.
 Grass is discouraged in areas less than 3m wide.
 Install a grass buffer (native grass where possible) around the
perimeter to filter runoff and improve water quality.
 Landscape setback to parking lots:
 9m from arterials or 7.5mfrom other streets.
 4.5m if used in combination with a 1-1.3m articulated masonry
or stone decorative wall.
Contd…
 Native grasses appropriately integrated with adjacent improvements.
 Maximum side slope on drainage facilities shall be 4:1, minimum
slope of the bottom of a drainage facility shall be 0.5%.
Drainage

8. Planting material:
 Economy and utility
 Trees:
 Tall trees:
 Eucalyptus hybrida; Araucaria cookii; Millingtonia
hortensis; Terminalia arjuna.
 Trees with spreading habit:
 Ficus bengalensis; Ficus benjamina;
 Small trees:
 Ficus infectoria; Putranjiva roxburgii; Mimosops elengi
 Dwarf and non- spreading trees:
 Tecoma argentea; Cochlospemum gossypium

9.  Flowering trees:
 Deloix regia (scarlet flower’s)
 Cassia fistula (yellow flower’s)
 Jacaranda mimosifolia (blue flower’s)
 Tecoma argentea (yellow flower’s)
 Economic trees:
 Timber: Casurina equisitifolia; Acasia spp.
 Fruits: Mangifera indica; Artocarpus heterophyllus
 Fodder: Bahunia variegata; Azaderachta indica; Morus alba;
Zyzhipus jujube
 Palms: Borassus flabeliffer; Cocus nucifera; Areca catechu
 Shrubs
 Annuals
 Groundcovers
 Palms

10. a. Required plant material to be grown in a recognised nursery.
b. Plants to be healthy, well-branched vigorous stock with a growth habit normal
to the species and variety
c. Free of diseases, insects and injuries.
d. All plants shall conform to Nurseryman’s Association specifications for
measurements, grading, branching, quality, ball and bur-lapping.
a. All plant schedule listings of proposed plant material shall include the
respective hydro zone category for that plant reflecting the water
requirements of that plant.
Points to be considered

11. Lawn specification
 Ecological acceptance ,
 Lower maintenance
 Cynodon transvaalensis (Gulfgreen)
 Fine texture; bright green colour, Forms a fine mat;
 Successful on sport fields, golf courses and home gardens;
 Characterized as drought tolerant, low water usage, slightly frost and shade tolerant
(20%),
 Durable and an appealing appearance.
 Cynodon dactylon (Bermudagrass)
 Medium textured warm season; fast grower during late spring and summer; dormant
(straw coloured) after a hard frost,
 Tolerates heavy traffic, moderate salinity and close mowing,
 Poor shade tolerance; susceptible to winterkill at temperatures below freezing;
 Performs best under a moderate maintenance; can be used as a low maintenance grass.

12.  Stenotaphrum secundatum (Buffalo grass)
 Slow grower, dark green colour, coarse leaf structure,
 Drought tolerant, suitable for full sun as well as semishade
conditions;
 Needs to be cut regularly in the growing season to maintain looks
and condition;
 Goes dormant in winter due to being frost sensitive.
 Dactyloctenium australe (LM grass)
 Forms a dense sward; dark green; fairly broad leaved grass,
 Tolerates semi-shade areas,
 Can be mixed with Stentaphrum secondatum (Buffalo grass) to
dominate in both sun and shade
Contd…

13. Irrigation
 For plant establishment and maintenance.
 Irrigation shall be appropriate to the type and scope of the improvements.
 Permanent irrigation system (sprinkler or drip).
 Temporary irrigation may be used to establish native grasses and vegetation.
 Plant water requirements
 Hydraulic principles.
 Irrigation control systems
 Installation of irrigation systems to be per plan and accurate.
 “As-built” drawings of irrigation system to be provided after installation
with dimensions shown for irrigation components.
 Maximize irrigation water efficiency.
 Irrigation schedules

14. Fencing
 Visually transparent and consist of
green, plastic coated, square or
diamond mesh wire fencing.
 Fencing may also be tanalith treated
timber post and rail, double or single
rail, or timber picket fencing.
 Painted mild steel palisade fencing.
 No higher than 1.8 m
 Low stone walls/loose pack stone
masonry walls will be allowed provide
 They meet the architectural code and
are not a health and/or security risk.

15. Lighting
 All pedestrian lighting
 Lights providing a wash of light over the path and as markers
 No flood lighting or up lighting shall be permitted except at approved
signage points.
 Low level bollard wash lighting is recommended for walkways.
 Lighting is to be thematically appropriate and fit in with the
architectural code.
o Street furniture is be made primarily from timber, cast iron, stone and concrete.
o Other elements - may included tree rings, tree guards, and sculptures.
Street Furniture

16. a. Excessive tiling of pavements
b. Growth of grasses to be encouraged
c. Compost made of leaves
d. Use of Organic Compost
e. Adequate space
f. Digging near trees to be avoided
g. Planting of second line trees to be encouraged
h. Initiation of environment awareness activities
i. Compactness of soil
j. Setting up a Central Resource Centre
Care and management

17. Farmhouse complexes
Frame viewe’s
to mountains
& open spaces
Irregular
structures of
vegetation
Frame viewe’s
to mountains
& open spaces
Frame viewe’s
to mountains &
open spaces
Combination of
trees and shrubs
Typical landscape view's – Farming principles

18. The
Plan

19. Developement
Landscape:
Land development
Earth
filling
Boundary wall
Street
lights
Connections
Roads
Drainage
Water
Sewage
Power
Telephone
Gas