The document outlines 7 key terms and principles used in landscape design: axis, mass-effect, focal point, unity, divisional lines, proportion and scale, and texture. Axis refers to imaginary lines that create balance. Mass-effect is the use of large groups of similar plants. Focal point is an attractive architectural feature that is a center of visual interest. Unity merges different garden elements into a cohesive whole. Divisional lines should not be too rigid. Proportion and scale ensure designs look aesthetically pleasing. Texture determines the overall visual character of the garden.

1. Terms and Principles Used in Landscape Design:
1. Axis
2. Mass-Effect
3. Focal-Point
4. Unity
5. Divisional lines
6. Proportion and scale
7. Texture
Source: Sunil S. Toye, Introduction to landscape design, 2003

2. 1. Axis:
It is an imaginary line in any landscape striking a “balance”
“https://kglandscape.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/formal-and-informal-design-balance.jpg”

3. “https://www.lymington.com/lymington-life/gardens-gardening/1019-how-to-achieve-balance-in-your-garden2”

4. “https://www.rutgersln.com/blog/tag/balance-in-the-landscape/”

5. 2. Mass-effect :
The use of one general form of plant material in large numbers in one place is do
to have a mass-effect
“http://www.gardenaesthetics.com/DESIGN.htm”
Source: Sunil S. Toye, Introduction to landscape design, 2003

6. “https://in.pinterest.com/pin/618963542509519593/”
Source: Sunil S. Toye, Introduction to landscape design, 2003
To see that such mass arrangements do not become monotonous,
the sizes of masses should be varied

7. 3. Focal Point:
In every garden there is a centre of attraction which is generally an architectural
feature focused as a point of interest.
“https://ahmedabadtourism.in/sabarmati-riverfront-ahmedabad”
“https://apdw.com/products/residential-green-wall-a-living-art-element/”

8. 4. Unity:
Can be achieved by merging harmoniously various elements of garden the aim is to
give the visitor an overall impression of garden rather than blowing up one feature
“https://sites.google.com/site/leviweaverlandscapeportfolio/3-design-elements-and-principles/principles/a-unity”

9. 5. Divisional Lines:
In a designed landscape there should not be any hard and fast divisional line.
“http://www.srilankainstyle.com/experience/the-life-and-works-of-geoffrey-bawa-colombo”

10. 6. Proportions and Scale:
Rules for proportions and scale for architectural designs has to be applied to
landscaping also the garden must look beautiful
7. Texture:
Determines the character of the garden. The texture of ground, the leaves of
tree or shrub will determine the overall effect of garden