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Land and spatial planning
The document discusses the pressures on land as a resource and the importance of land use in delivering EU environmental policy, highlighting the inseparable relationship between EU actions and global impacts. It addresses the challenges of land loss due to urbanization, habitat fragmentation, and increased food demand while proposing solutions such as integrating green infrastructure and adhering to EU soil sealing guidelines. The document emphasizes the need for member states to implement concrete measures and policies that consider both direct and indirect land use impacts by 2020 and aims for a land-degradation neutral world by 2050.
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Land and spatial planning
- 1. Land and spatialplanning Paul Speight DHoU, ENV B1
- 2. Structure of presentation •1) Why land is a resource under pressure • 2) Why land use is crucial to the delivery of EU env policy • 3) How what we do in the EU is inseparable from the rest of the world • 4) What we know about land use and its likely evolution (EU and international) • 5) Some possible solutions • 6) Who should do what?
- 3. Population growth, dietchange,30% food waste = more land or more intensification
- 4. The bioeconomy • Traditional – wool, furniture, tallow... • Or, the new competitors: • Biofuels (Renewable Energy Directive) • Biomass (Emission trading scheme) • Green Chemistry (biorefineries)
- 5. Loss of land- urbanisation, sealing, fragmentation
- 6. Habitats where thereare multiple uses, are those most under pressure Conservation Status - Habitats 100% 80% XX 60% U2 40% U1 FV 20% 0% ts b ns ts ts b ts ds ru s ta ru ta ita fe ta st sc an bi sc bi re bi ab & ha sl ha ha fo s & FV = Favourable s lh il u as ir e er h s y ta ph gr at ne at ck ,m as U1 & U2 = Unfavourable he w ro du ro co sh gs le sc fre bo XX = unknown (But also, soil, climate, water quality, floods, and droughts, etc...)
- 7. Impossible to separateEU actions and international impacts (direct and indirect) Indirect Land Use Change (ILUC) is caused by crop displacement: NO BIOFUELS WITH BIOFUELS EU field EU field growing growing crops for + crops for biofuels Extra food field Diverting 1 ton EU wheat from food growin to bioethanol will not change g food emissions from that EU farm …increased emissions to fill in the gap in the food market due to: - Land expansion (into natural vegetation or set-aside land) - Emissions from intensification
- 8. Modelling and other knowledge on landuse and land use change now reliable enough for policy use (but not to predict land use change across the board)
- 9. Solutions? Integration, planning,reducing pressures… Green Infrastructure: If we could join up the green dots more effectively and planned our infrastructure at the landscape level, we would get more from our existing protected areas Consultation coming soon on this. Development without sealing the soil – EU soil sealing guidelines: http://ec.europa.eu/environmen Clean up of brownfield land...
- 10. Better processes? • SEA,EIA – proper assessment of what development, and major policy processes will lead to on the ground • Especially for sensitive areas – Integrated Coastal Zone Management • Best practice from Member States – green belt, DE no land take target...
- 11. Resource efficiency • Landas a resource Communication –2014 • "By 2020, EU policies take into account their direct and indirect impact on land use in the EU and globally, and the rate of land take is on track with an aim to achieve no net land take by 2050;" • Rio + 20: "we will strive to achieve a land- degradation neutral world"
- 12. Who does what? •Most of the concrete measures will need to be taken at the Member State, regional or local level • EU level – raise awareness, look at EU policies that affect land use, spread best practice
Editor's Notes
- #4 Population rises, but productivity is steady... More people, more urbanisation, more middle class, more western diets…
- #5 Consequences of this competition still playing out – land use change, rise in food prices, traditional industries switch to new feedstock – tbc
- #6 SOIL SEALING Urban land increased by 6% (about 10,000 km²) in the period 1990-2000 - Most of the land « consumed » came from agricultural land (84%), generally the most productive soils. Between 1990 and 2000, land take in EU27 was around 1,000 km² per year (approx. the size of Berlin) and artificial surfaces increased by 5.7%. Since then, land take has "slowed down" to 920 km² per year and artificial surfaces have increased by a further 3%. This corresponds to a 8.8% increase of artificial surface in the EU between 1990 and 2006. In the same period, population increased by only 5%. In 2006, almost 100,000 km² or 2.3% of the EU’s territory were actually sealed and each EU citizen was on average stocked with 200 m² sealed surface. Member States with high sealing rates exceeding 5% of the national territory are Malta, the Netherlands, Belgium, Germany, and Luxembourg. Furthermore, individual regions with high sealing rates exist all over the EU and include all major urban agglomerations, and most of the Mediterranean regions.
- #9 Slide shows one possible scenario tested using modelling work – shown as an example only – not intended to demonstrate specific land use points!
- #10 Green infrastructure – getting more from the resource we have set aside – inefficient otherwise CAP reform, and better use of structural funds Reducing pressures from the fork – food choices and food waste