This generic dataset describes laminated veneer lumber (LVL) manufactured in the UK. LVL is an engineered wood product made from multiple thin layers of wood bonded together with synthetic adhesive. The layers are obtained by peeling softwood into thin veneers, which are dried, glued with the grain oriented lengthwise, and pressed to produce LVL ranging from 30-90mm thick and up to 12m long. The modelled product is a 45mm thick LVL made from kiln-dried softwood with 12% moisture content, bonded with a phenol formaldehyde mix. The dataset was developed according to European standards to provide upstream life cycle inventory data for use in environmental product declarations and building assessments
Metsä Group Q3 2018 results presentationMetsä Group
Metsä Group reported higher sales and operating results for the first three quarters of 2018 compared to the same period in 2017. Sales increased due to greater delivery volumes and higher pulp and paperboard prices. The operating result improved due to increased pulp prices and positive development of the paperboard business, though exchange rate fluctuations negatively impacted the result. Demand for wood products, pulp, paperboard, and tissue and cooking papers was expected to remain stable for the rest of the year.
- Metsä Group's sales were EUR 5,473 million in 2019, down from EUR 5,709 million in 2018, and its operating result was EUR 495 million, down from EUR 849 million, due to lower pulp prices and higher raw material and production costs.
- The average dollar-denominated price of long-fibre pulp decreased 10% and short-fibre pulp decreased 15% compared to the previous quarter, weakening results.
- Metsä Group expects its comparable operating result in the first quarter of 2020 to weaken from the fourth quarter of 2019 due to strikes at Finnish mills.
1) A presentation was given on a Gambling Brief Intervention and Referral Treatment (GBIRT) screening project being piloted in Multnomah County to screen individuals in substance use and mental health treatment for gambling issues.
2) Baseline surveys found that while most staff said they discussed gambling with clients, only one-third of clients recalled this, and 22% of clients gambled at least monthly. Many clients and some staff lacked awareness of gambling treatment resources.
3) The GBIRT project aims to improve gambling screening, provide peer mentors, and better integrate gambling and substance use treatment through pilot programs and evaluation of screening and referral rates.
Accumulo Summit 2015: Event-Driven Big Data with Accumulo - Leveraging Big Da...Accumulo Summit
Talk Abstract
Events define our world – designing a system that rapidly adapts and incorporates many diverse events into relevant, dynamic models produces rich, timely situational analysis. Additionally, events happen at a defined time allowing analysis to move backward and forward in time, even imaginary time with “what if” events.
Accumulo allows the assembly of extremely large event sets to form a high resolution, dynamic event fabric. Key Accumulo design constructs enable high velocity, disparate events to form complex models. They include establishing a high performance flexible event data model and vocabulary with efficient indexing and complex event contexts, dynamic event versioning, managing event race conditions, event security, incorporating event confidence, and correcting event errors. Processing involves high speed messaging and flexible rule tables. Complementing this is an elastic architecture that handles unpredictable event surges and timely analysis demands across multiple nodes.
Accumulo makes high event resolution possible; event-driven makes it immediately actionable. Our findings detail the ingestion and processing of billions of actual events that transform into dynamic decision models instantly available at big-data scale. Additionally, the changes over time of the events and decision models provide a rich strategic base for analytics. A working demonstration using Amazon EC2 VMs, Elastic MapReduce, and Accumulo stores summarizes the event-driven approach. VMs are available to all conference participants for future investigations.
Speaker
John Hebeler
Principal Engineer, Lockheed Martin
John Hebeler, Principal Engineer for Lockheed Martin, is the Technical Lead Developer on a major big-data analytic system based on Accumulo. He focuses on Big Data streaming architectures, diverse data integration, and the Semantic Web, has co-written Semantic Web Programming and a P2P networking book, holds two patents on distributed technologies, and presents at technical conferences. He is currently pursuing his PhD in Information Systems based upon Big Data Integration at the University of Maryland.
The document discusses editing images for a magazine layout. The author increased the exposure on a main image and experimented with adding red and blue color effects in Photoshop before deciding blue looked best. They watched a YouTube tutorial to learn how to wrap text around images in InDesign and applied this to their pull quote. They further edited an image in Photoshop by cropping out a model to better represent the band discussed.
Metsä Group Q3 2018 results presentationMetsä Group
Metsä Group reported higher sales and operating results for the first three quarters of 2018 compared to the same period in 2017. Sales increased due to greater delivery volumes and higher pulp and paperboard prices. The operating result improved due to increased pulp prices and positive development of the paperboard business, though exchange rate fluctuations negatively impacted the result. Demand for wood products, pulp, paperboard, and tissue and cooking papers was expected to remain stable for the rest of the year.
- Metsä Group's sales were EUR 5,473 million in 2019, down from EUR 5,709 million in 2018, and its operating result was EUR 495 million, down from EUR 849 million, due to lower pulp prices and higher raw material and production costs.
- The average dollar-denominated price of long-fibre pulp decreased 10% and short-fibre pulp decreased 15% compared to the previous quarter, weakening results.
- Metsä Group expects its comparable operating result in the first quarter of 2020 to weaken from the fourth quarter of 2019 due to strikes at Finnish mills.
1) A presentation was given on a Gambling Brief Intervention and Referral Treatment (GBIRT) screening project being piloted in Multnomah County to screen individuals in substance use and mental health treatment for gambling issues.
2) Baseline surveys found that while most staff said they discussed gambling with clients, only one-third of clients recalled this, and 22% of clients gambled at least monthly. Many clients and some staff lacked awareness of gambling treatment resources.
3) The GBIRT project aims to improve gambling screening, provide peer mentors, and better integrate gambling and substance use treatment through pilot programs and evaluation of screening and referral rates.
Accumulo Summit 2015: Event-Driven Big Data with Accumulo - Leveraging Big Da...Accumulo Summit
Talk Abstract
Events define our world – designing a system that rapidly adapts and incorporates many diverse events into relevant, dynamic models produces rich, timely situational analysis. Additionally, events happen at a defined time allowing analysis to move backward and forward in time, even imaginary time with “what if” events.
Accumulo allows the assembly of extremely large event sets to form a high resolution, dynamic event fabric. Key Accumulo design constructs enable high velocity, disparate events to form complex models. They include establishing a high performance flexible event data model and vocabulary with efficient indexing and complex event contexts, dynamic event versioning, managing event race conditions, event security, incorporating event confidence, and correcting event errors. Processing involves high speed messaging and flexible rule tables. Complementing this is an elastic architecture that handles unpredictable event surges and timely analysis demands across multiple nodes.
Accumulo makes high event resolution possible; event-driven makes it immediately actionable. Our findings detail the ingestion and processing of billions of actual events that transform into dynamic decision models instantly available at big-data scale. Additionally, the changes over time of the events and decision models provide a rich strategic base for analytics. A working demonstration using Amazon EC2 VMs, Elastic MapReduce, and Accumulo stores summarizes the event-driven approach. VMs are available to all conference participants for future investigations.
Speaker
John Hebeler
Principal Engineer, Lockheed Martin
John Hebeler, Principal Engineer for Lockheed Martin, is the Technical Lead Developer on a major big-data analytic system based on Accumulo. He focuses on Big Data streaming architectures, diverse data integration, and the Semantic Web, has co-written Semantic Web Programming and a P2P networking book, holds two patents on distributed technologies, and presents at technical conferences. He is currently pursuing his PhD in Information Systems based upon Big Data Integration at the University of Maryland.
The document discusses editing images for a magazine layout. The author increased the exposure on a main image and experimented with adding red and blue color effects in Photoshop before deciding blue looked best. They watched a YouTube tutorial to learn how to wrap text around images in InDesign and applied this to their pull quote. They further edited an image in Photoshop by cropping out a model to better represent the band discussed.
AuRico Gold reported financial results for Q1 2015 with the following highlights:
- Solid production of 54,027 ounces at total cash costs of $696/ounce.
- Young-Davidson and El Chanate mines performed well with production on track.
- Underground development at Young-Davidson advanced as planned with productivity and costs improving.
- The company announced a merger with Alamos Gold to create a leading intermediate gold producer.
Accumulo Summit 2015: Accumulo In-Depth: Building Bulk Ingest [Sponsored]Accumulo Summit
Talk Abstract
Bulk ingest enables Accumulo to import externally-prepared data into existing tables. Unlike ingest via batch writers, much of the work of organizing data can be left to external processing frameworks such as MapReduce and scaled independently of the Accumulo cluster itself. This reduces the work required of the tablet servers to support ingest, freeing resources to support other operations.
Under the hood, bulk ingest involves a number a moving parts and accounting for a variety of failure scenarios. This talk covers the components of the bulk ingest process in-depth and describes past, current and future implementations of this capability. Attendees will leave this session with an understanding of bulk ingest that will enable troubleshooting, capacity estimation and performance management.
Speaker
Eric Newton
Senior Software Developer, SWComplete
Eric Newton has been a programmer for over 30 years, and has worked on Accumulo since 2009. He has been an open-source contributor and consumer since 1988. Through the years, his distributed communications systems work has included Air Traffic Control, Systems Monitoring and Databases. Eric has started 3 of his own companies and helped several other businesses start.
Kevään Työoikeuspäivät kokoaa jälleen yhteen alan ammattilaiset. Ilmoittaudu mukaan viime vuoden *parhaimmaksi valitun juridiikan kouluttajan tilaisuuteen.
Työoikeuspäivillä saat tietoa tulevista lainsäädäntöuudistuksista, ajankohtaisimmista työoikeudellisista kysymyksistä työpaikoilla sekä tuomioistuinten viimeaikaisista työoikeudellisista ratkaisuista. Teemoja tarkastellaan monipuolisesti eri näkökulmista; mukana alustuksissa ja keskusteluissa ovat lainsäätäjä, työoikeuden professorit, työntekijä- ja työnantajaliiton lakimies sekä työnantaja- ja työntekijäpuolen juttuja hoitava asianajaja.
*Taloustutkimuksen Yrityskuvat 2014 -tutkimus
Tutustu tarkempaan ohjelmaan ja ilmoittaudu mukaan!
www.kauppakamarikauppa.fi
This document summarizes a study on the impact of forest management regimes and biomass supply chains on carbon emissions. The study found that more intensive, even-aged forest management that increases tree density can increase supply chain emissions compared to less dense forests. Roadside chipping of biomass was also found to have higher emissions than stationary terminal chipping. While denser forests were more cost-efficient, they had the highest carbon emissions. The study concluded more research is needed to fully account for factors like soil carbon, decomposition, and different harvest scenarios to accurately assess the carbon impact of different forest management approaches.
Willie McGhee is the director of BioClimate Research and Development. He has experience in carbon accounting, afforestation projects, carbon sales in voluntary markets, forestry consultancy, and research. The presentation discusses what biomass to count in carbon accounting, how woody biomass relates to climate change, data sources and reporting methods, modeling and measuring carbon in trees and forests, uncertainties in data, and politics surrounding carbon accounting. The future of carbon accounting could involve more monitoring, improved modeling, and research into forest growth, carbon storage, and climate change impacts.
Willie McGhee is the director of BioClimate Research and Development. He has experience in carbon accounting, afforestation projects, carbon sales in the voluntary market, forestry consultancy, and small scale renewable energy projects. The presentation discusses what types of biomass to count in carbon accounting, how woody biomass relates to climate change, data sources and reporting methods, models for measuring carbon in trees and forests, uncertainties in carbon data, and the future of carbon monitoring and accounting.
Karttunen, K & Laitila, J. 2013. Efficient wood energy harvesting, logistics ...Kalle Karttunen
This document discusses improving the efficiency of wood energy harvesting, logistics, and handling in Finland. It identifies potential areas for increased cost-efficiency, including developing new small-sized energywood harvesting solutions, improving long-distance transportation methods through larger vehicles or refining biomass, and enhancing terminal handling technologies. The biggest opportunities are in harvesting small-diameter trees, developing intermodal transportation solutions, and optimizing material handling at terminals through automation and larger equipment. References are provided for further research on harvesting productivity and costs, transportation efficiency studies, and innovative logistics concepts using composite containers.
Holmen is a Swedish forestry and paper company with four business areas: Holmen Timber, Holmen Skog, Holmen Paper, and Iggesund Paperboard. It has a total of 4,600 employees and generates annual sales of 18 billion SEK. Holmen owns 1 million hectares of forest land from which it harvests 3 million cubic meters of wood per year. It is increasing its harvest and sale of bioenergy sources like stumps, branches, and small trees to meet growing demand from the energy sector. Holmen is working to develop efficient harvesting and logistics for bioenergy to make it a profitable additional business.
Main innovation types of forest biomass supply chainsKalle Karttunen
This document discusses different types of innovations for improving the efficiency of forest biomass supply chains in Finland. It analyzes three cases: 1) comparing traditional single-tree cutting to multi-tree cutting, 2) comparing traditional multi-tree cutting to innovative bundling of small-diameter wood, and 3) comparing traditional forest stand density to an innovative denser forest management approach. The results show cost reductions ranging from 4.9% to 10.6% for the innovative approaches. Network innovations that coordinate forest management, logistics and processing were found to have the highest potential for cost reduction. Cooperative innovation across the entire supply chain network is concluded to be the best approach.
Este informe de análisis de impacto ofrece una visión general del potencial de aumento del uso de la madera en España desde la perspectiva del aumento de la oferta de madera y sus posibles beneficios indirectos, recopilando y presentando datos estructurados sobre el estado de los bosques españoles y de la UE.
Documento en inglés. Elaborado por Dark Matter Labs.
Magna International, an automotive parts manufacturer, has developed a new wood fiber polymer composite called Concero for automotive parts through a 2.5 year research collaboration. Testing of the lighter and more sustainable Concero composite in Magna's production facilities shows potential to replace 20% glass-reinforced polypropylene parts. If adopted widely in the 60 million vehicles produced annually, the market for wood fibers in automotive composites could reach 800,000 tonnes per year.
The document analyzes the greenhouse gas footprint of wood production in New South Wales, Australia. It finds that greenhouse gas emissions from wood-processing facilities are generally low. Manufacturing is typically the biggest contributor to overall emissions, with electricity use for drying being the main source. When accounting for long-term carbon storage in wood products, the annual production of wood products in NSW results in storage of 3 million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalents. This highlights the importance of considering whole lifecycle emissions and storage.
The document analyzes the greenhouse gas footprint of wood production in New South Wales, Australia. It finds that greenhouse gas emissions from wood-processing facilities are generally low. Manufacturing is typically the biggest contributor to overall emissions, with electricity use for drying being the main source. When accounting for long-term carbon storage in wood products, the annual production of wood products in NSW results in storage of 3 million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalents. This highlights the importance of considering whole lifecycle emissions and storage.
AuRico Gold reported financial results for Q1 2015 with the following highlights:
- Solid production of 54,027 ounces at total cash costs of $696/ounce.
- Young-Davidson and El Chanate mines performed well with production on track.
- Underground development at Young-Davidson advanced as planned with productivity and costs improving.
- The company announced a merger with Alamos Gold to create a leading intermediate gold producer.
Accumulo Summit 2015: Accumulo In-Depth: Building Bulk Ingest [Sponsored]Accumulo Summit
Talk Abstract
Bulk ingest enables Accumulo to import externally-prepared data into existing tables. Unlike ingest via batch writers, much of the work of organizing data can be left to external processing frameworks such as MapReduce and scaled independently of the Accumulo cluster itself. This reduces the work required of the tablet servers to support ingest, freeing resources to support other operations.
Under the hood, bulk ingest involves a number a moving parts and accounting for a variety of failure scenarios. This talk covers the components of the bulk ingest process in-depth and describes past, current and future implementations of this capability. Attendees will leave this session with an understanding of bulk ingest that will enable troubleshooting, capacity estimation and performance management.
Speaker
Eric Newton
Senior Software Developer, SWComplete
Eric Newton has been a programmer for over 30 years, and has worked on Accumulo since 2009. He has been an open-source contributor and consumer since 1988. Through the years, his distributed communications systems work has included Air Traffic Control, Systems Monitoring and Databases. Eric has started 3 of his own companies and helped several other businesses start.
Kevään Työoikeuspäivät kokoaa jälleen yhteen alan ammattilaiset. Ilmoittaudu mukaan viime vuoden *parhaimmaksi valitun juridiikan kouluttajan tilaisuuteen.
Työoikeuspäivillä saat tietoa tulevista lainsäädäntöuudistuksista, ajankohtaisimmista työoikeudellisista kysymyksistä työpaikoilla sekä tuomioistuinten viimeaikaisista työoikeudellisista ratkaisuista. Teemoja tarkastellaan monipuolisesti eri näkökulmista; mukana alustuksissa ja keskusteluissa ovat lainsäätäjä, työoikeuden professorit, työntekijä- ja työnantajaliiton lakimies sekä työnantaja- ja työntekijäpuolen juttuja hoitava asianajaja.
*Taloustutkimuksen Yrityskuvat 2014 -tutkimus
Tutustu tarkempaan ohjelmaan ja ilmoittaudu mukaan!
www.kauppakamarikauppa.fi
This document summarizes a study on the impact of forest management regimes and biomass supply chains on carbon emissions. The study found that more intensive, even-aged forest management that increases tree density can increase supply chain emissions compared to less dense forests. Roadside chipping of biomass was also found to have higher emissions than stationary terminal chipping. While denser forests were more cost-efficient, they had the highest carbon emissions. The study concluded more research is needed to fully account for factors like soil carbon, decomposition, and different harvest scenarios to accurately assess the carbon impact of different forest management approaches.
Willie McGhee is the director of BioClimate Research and Development. He has experience in carbon accounting, afforestation projects, carbon sales in voluntary markets, forestry consultancy, and research. The presentation discusses what biomass to count in carbon accounting, how woody biomass relates to climate change, data sources and reporting methods, modeling and measuring carbon in trees and forests, uncertainties in data, and politics surrounding carbon accounting. The future of carbon accounting could involve more monitoring, improved modeling, and research into forest growth, carbon storage, and climate change impacts.
Willie McGhee is the director of BioClimate Research and Development. He has experience in carbon accounting, afforestation projects, carbon sales in the voluntary market, forestry consultancy, and small scale renewable energy projects. The presentation discusses what types of biomass to count in carbon accounting, how woody biomass relates to climate change, data sources and reporting methods, models for measuring carbon in trees and forests, uncertainties in carbon data, and the future of carbon monitoring and accounting.
Karttunen, K & Laitila, J. 2013. Efficient wood energy harvesting, logistics ...Kalle Karttunen
This document discusses improving the efficiency of wood energy harvesting, logistics, and handling in Finland. It identifies potential areas for increased cost-efficiency, including developing new small-sized energywood harvesting solutions, improving long-distance transportation methods through larger vehicles or refining biomass, and enhancing terminal handling technologies. The biggest opportunities are in harvesting small-diameter trees, developing intermodal transportation solutions, and optimizing material handling at terminals through automation and larger equipment. References are provided for further research on harvesting productivity and costs, transportation efficiency studies, and innovative logistics concepts using composite containers.
Holmen is a Swedish forestry and paper company with four business areas: Holmen Timber, Holmen Skog, Holmen Paper, and Iggesund Paperboard. It has a total of 4,600 employees and generates annual sales of 18 billion SEK. Holmen owns 1 million hectares of forest land from which it harvests 3 million cubic meters of wood per year. It is increasing its harvest and sale of bioenergy sources like stumps, branches, and small trees to meet growing demand from the energy sector. Holmen is working to develop efficient harvesting and logistics for bioenergy to make it a profitable additional business.
Main innovation types of forest biomass supply chainsKalle Karttunen
This document discusses different types of innovations for improving the efficiency of forest biomass supply chains in Finland. It analyzes three cases: 1) comparing traditional single-tree cutting to multi-tree cutting, 2) comparing traditional multi-tree cutting to innovative bundling of small-diameter wood, and 3) comparing traditional forest stand density to an innovative denser forest management approach. The results show cost reductions ranging from 4.9% to 10.6% for the innovative approaches. Network innovations that coordinate forest management, logistics and processing were found to have the highest potential for cost reduction. Cooperative innovation across the entire supply chain network is concluded to be the best approach.
Este informe de análisis de impacto ofrece una visión general del potencial de aumento del uso de la madera en España desde la perspectiva del aumento de la oferta de madera y sus posibles beneficios indirectos, recopilando y presentando datos estructurados sobre el estado de los bosques españoles y de la UE.
Documento en inglés. Elaborado por Dark Matter Labs.
Magna International, an automotive parts manufacturer, has developed a new wood fiber polymer composite called Concero for automotive parts through a 2.5 year research collaboration. Testing of the lighter and more sustainable Concero composite in Magna's production facilities shows potential to replace 20% glass-reinforced polypropylene parts. If adopted widely in the 60 million vehicles produced annually, the market for wood fibers in automotive composites could reach 800,000 tonnes per year.
The document analyzes the greenhouse gas footprint of wood production in New South Wales, Australia. It finds that greenhouse gas emissions from wood-processing facilities are generally low. Manufacturing is typically the biggest contributor to overall emissions, with electricity use for drying being the main source. When accounting for long-term carbon storage in wood products, the annual production of wood products in NSW results in storage of 3 million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalents. This highlights the importance of considering whole lifecycle emissions and storage.
The document analyzes the greenhouse gas footprint of wood production in New South Wales, Australia. It finds that greenhouse gas emissions from wood-processing facilities are generally low. Manufacturing is typically the biggest contributor to overall emissions, with electricity use for drying being the main source. When accounting for long-term carbon storage in wood products, the annual production of wood products in NSW results in storage of 3 million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalents. This highlights the importance of considering whole lifecycle emissions and storage.
Tier 3 forest model development and application in UK GHG inventoriesipcc-media
This document discusses the development and application of forest carbon models in UK greenhouse gas inventories. It notes that the UK recognized early the important role of forests and developed the first analytical model of carbon sequestration and losses in forests in 1988. This model, eventually named CARBINE, and other similar models are now used to estimate how much carbon UK forests are storing. CARBINE is applied in GHG inventories to better represent detailed forest composition and management. The document outlines the components and assumptions of CARBINE, including relying on long-term forest data and yield tables to estimate carbon stock changes, and notes the importance of transparency in documentation.
iMovR Flakeboard Compliance with CARB Phase 2 Emissionsworkwhilewalking
The document provides an environmental product declaration for medium density fiberboard (MDF) produced in North America. It summarizes the life cycle assessment results showing the environmental impacts from cradle-to-gate, including forest management, logging, sawmilling, transportation of wood residues to MDF plants, and MDF production. The declaration was developed by the American Wood Council and Canadian Wood Council in accordance with international standards and was verified by an independent third party.
iMovR Environmental Product Declaration, American Wood Councilworkwhilewalking
The document provides an environmental product declaration for medium density fiberboard (MDF) produced in North America. It summarizes the life cycle assessment results showing the environmental impacts from cradle-to-gate, including forest management, logging, sawmilling, transportation of wood residues to MDF plants, and MDF production. The declaration was developed by the American Wood Council and Canadian Wood Council in accordance with international standards and was verified by an independent third party.
This document provides an environmental product declaration for medium density fiberboard (MDF) produced in North America according to ISO standards. It summarizes the life cycle assessment of MDF from forest management and logging through production. The assessment finds that MDF production utilizes wood residues from lumber mills that would otherwise be wasted, and the North American MDF industry has improved efficiency. The declaration covers the cradle-to-gate impacts up to packaging for shipment.
This document summarizes the results of a study on the potential economic impacts of implementing forest carbon sink policies through harvest regulations in Europe. It finds that constraining harvest levels in the EU would lead to substantial "leakage" of around 80% of lost harvest and production to other regions of the world. This leakage could increase environmental concerns due to factors like reduced forest area and carbon stocks, lower rates of certified forest management, and less efficient production processes in the leakage regions compared to Europe. The document concludes that harvest constraints would not be an effective climate policy as they would harm the EU forest sector economy while displacing rather than reducing global harvests and greenhouse gas emissions.
IRJET- Analysis on Mechanical Properties of Wood Plastic CompositeIRJET Journal
This document analyzes the mechanical properties of wood plastic composites (WPCs) made from different compositions of polymers, wood flour, and additives. WPCs were fabricated using a compression molding process with two compositions: Specimen A containing 30% wood flour and Specimen B containing 40% wood flour. Both specimens used a polymer matrix of 80% polypropylene and 20% high-density polyethylene, along with 3% maleic anhydride as a coupling agent and 3% zinc stearate as a lubricant. The document measures the density, water absorption, tensile strength, hardness, and impact resistance of the two specimens to analyze how the mechanical properties are affected by the varying wood flour composition
Discover the different methods of gaining Green Star credits using wood and wood products in the built environment. Topics of interest include chain of custody and forestry management certification schemes: indoor air quality issues for composite wood products, and easy ways of specifying and obtaining appropriate documentation for wood and wood products, in order to obtain credits.
Mark Ryans Opportunities And Challenges In Biomass HarvestingBecky LaPlant
Opportunities and challenges to biomass harvesting in Canada presented by Mark Ryans of FPInnovations, a Canadian forest policy and research institute.
PAVATEX is a leading manufacturer of wood fiber insulation materials in Europe. It has been producing wood fiber boards in Switzerland for over 70 years using a wet process that preserves the boards' natural bonding agents. PAVATEX boards provide high quality insulation that is carbon neutral and locks up carbon from the atmosphere. They have numerous sustainability benefits and can be used in a variety of building systems and materials to create high performing, breathable walls, roofs and floors with very low u-values.
PEFC defines 205 sustainability benchmarks that all PEFC standards must meet related to standard setting processes, national schemes, and management practices. Public procurement policies in several countries, including Belgium, Britain, Denmark, the Netherlands, and Finland, recognize and recommend PEFC. Other green building standards and policies also accept PEFC. A 2010 assessment by WWF found that while FSC and PEFC were equivalent in meeting most criteria for sustainable forest management, PEFC fully met requirements for effective monitoring and assessment that FSC only partially met.
Similar to Laminated veneer lumbur lifecycle database (20)
Practical eLearning Makeovers for EveryoneBianca Woods
Welcome to Practical eLearning Makeovers for Everyone. In this presentation, we’ll take a look at a bunch of easy-to-use visual design tips and tricks. And we’ll do this by using them to spruce up some eLearning screens that are in dire need of a new look.
International Upcycling Research Network advisory board meeting 4Kyungeun Sung
Slides used for the International Upcycling Research Network advisory board 4 (last one). The project is based at De Montfort University in Leicester, UK, and funded by the Arts and Humanities Research Council.
International Upcycling Research Network advisory board meeting 4
Laminated veneer lumbur lifecycle database
1. Laminated Veneer Lumber (LVL)
Key
General Process Description
Reference Flow
Reference Year
Methodological Approach
Modelling &
Laminated Veneer Lumber (LVL)
Key Information
General Process Description
Reference Flow
Reference Year
Methodological Approach
Modelling &
Laminated Veneer Lumber (LVL)
Information
General Process Description
Reference Flow/Declared Unit
Reference Year
Methodological Approach
Modelling & Assumptions
Laminated Veneer Lumber (LVL)
General Process Description 1 m
/Declared Unit 1 m
average product density of 488 kg/m
2013
Methodological Approach
This generic dataset has been developed with reference to CEN/TR
15941:2010
selection and use of generic data
databases and EPD, compensated with data from UK industry and national
statistics for the specific situation related to UK consumption of timber
product
Product Category Rules given in EN 15804+A1: 2013
declarations
and further detailed in FprEN 16485:
Environmental Product Declarations
wood
and wood
carbon diox
The generic dataset is intended for use as upstream data for UK consumed
timber products within EPDs and building level LCA assessments to EN
15978:2011
Calculation method.
Assumptions
Laminated veneer lumber (LVL) is an engineered wood product consisting of
multiple thin layers of wood held together with a synthetic adhesive. The
individual layers in LVL, known as veneers, are obtained by peeling larger
softwood pieces to
then glued together with the grain in each layer oriented along the length of
the LVL product. Once the adhesive has been applied, the LVL is hot pressed
to give the required strength properties. As a
length and may be sanded prior to distribution. LVL products typically range
from 30
The modelled product is a 45 mm thick LVL product manufactured from kiln
dried softwood with
used to glue the layers together
Laminated Veneer Lumber (LVL)
1 m3
of laminated veneer lumber based on the UK consumption mix
1 m3
of laminated veneer lumber, 12% wood moisture content (dry basis),
average product density of 488 kg/m
2013
Methodological Approach
This generic dataset has been developed with reference to CEN/TR
15941:2010 Environmental product
selection and use of generic data
databases and EPD, compensated with data from UK industry and national
statistics for the specific situation related to UK consumption of timber
products. With regard to methodology, the datasets are in line with the core
Product Category Rules given in EN 15804+A1: 2013
declarations —
and further detailed in FprEN 16485:
Environmental Product Declarations
wood-based products for use in construction
and wood-based products ― CalculaƟon of sequestraƟon of atmospheric
carbon dioxide
The generic dataset is intended for use as upstream data for UK consumed
timber products within EPDs and building level LCA assessments to EN
15978:2011 Assessment of environmental performance of buildings
Calculation method.
Assumptions
Laminated veneer lumber (LVL) is an engineered wood product consisting of
multiple thin layers of wood held together with a synthetic adhesive. The
individual layers in LVL, known as veneers, are obtained by peeling larger
softwood pieces to
then glued together with the grain in each layer oriented along the length of
the LVL product. Once the adhesive has been applied, the LVL is hot pressed
to give the required strength properties. As a
length and may be sanded prior to distribution. LVL products typically range
from 30-90 mm in thickness and may be up to 12 m long.
The modelled product is a 45 mm thick LVL product manufactured from kiln
dried softwood with
used to glue the layers together
Laminated Veneer Lumber (LVL)
laminated veneer lumber based on the UK consumption mix
laminated veneer lumber, 12% wood moisture content (dry basis),
average product density of 488 kg/m
This generic dataset has been developed with reference to CEN/TR
Environmental product
selection and use of generic data
databases and EPD, compensated with data from UK industry and national
statistics for the specific situation related to UK consumption of timber
s. With regard to methodology, the datasets are in line with the core
Product Category Rules given in EN 15804+A1: 2013
— Core rules for the product category of construction products
and further detailed in FprEN 16485:
Environmental Product Declarations
based products for use in construction
based products ― CalculaƟon of sequestraƟon of atmospheric
ide.
The generic dataset is intended for use as upstream data for UK consumed
timber products within EPDs and building level LCA assessments to EN
Assessment of environmental performance of buildings
Calculation method.
Laminated veneer lumber (LVL) is an engineered wood product consisting of
multiple thin layers of wood held together with a synthetic adhesive. The
individual layers in LVL, known as veneers, are obtained by peeling larger
softwood pieces to thin layers around 3mm thick. The veneers are dried and
then glued together with the grain in each layer oriented along the length of
the LVL product. Once the adhesive has been applied, the LVL is hot pressed
to give the required strength properties. As a
length and may be sanded prior to distribution. LVL products typically range
90 mm in thickness and may be up to 12 m long.
The modelled product is a 45 mm thick LVL product manufactured from kiln
dried softwood with a moisture content of 12%. Several adhesives can be
used to glue the layers together
laminated veneer lumber based on the UK consumption mix
laminated veneer lumber, 12% wood moisture content (dry basis),
average product density of 488 kg/m3
This generic dataset has been developed with reference to CEN/TR
Environmental product declarations
selection and use of generic data and has made use of data from existing
databases and EPD, compensated with data from UK industry and national
statistics for the specific situation related to UK consumption of timber
s. With regard to methodology, the datasets are in line with the core
Product Category Rules given in EN 15804+A1: 2013
Core rules for the product category of construction products
and further detailed in FprEN 16485:2013
Environmental Product Declarations —
based products for use in construction
based products ― CalculaƟon of sequestraƟon of atmospheric
The generic dataset is intended for use as upstream data for UK consumed
timber products within EPDs and building level LCA assessments to EN
Assessment of environmental performance of buildings
Laminated veneer lumber (LVL) is an engineered wood product consisting of
multiple thin layers of wood held together with a synthetic adhesive. The
individual layers in LVL, known as veneers, are obtained by peeling larger
thin layers around 3mm thick. The veneers are dried and
then glued together with the grain in each layer oriented along the length of
the LVL product. Once the adhesive has been applied, the LVL is hot pressed
to give the required strength properties. As a
length and may be sanded prior to distribution. LVL products typically range
90 mm in thickness and may be up to 12 m long.
The modelled product is a 45 mm thick LVL product manufactured from kiln
a moisture content of 12%. Several adhesives can be
used to glue the layers together – in this study a mix of phenol formaldehyde
laminated veneer lumber based on the UK consumption mix
laminated veneer lumber, 12% wood moisture content (dry basis),
This generic dataset has been developed with reference to CEN/TR
declarations —
and has made use of data from existing
databases and EPD, compensated with data from UK industry and national
statistics for the specific situation related to UK consumption of timber
s. With regard to methodology, the datasets are in line with the core
Product Category Rules given in EN 15804+A1: 2013
Core rules for the product category of construction products
2013 Round and sawn timber
Product category rules for wood and
based products for use in construction and the draft EN 16449,
based products ― CalculaƟon of sequestraƟon of atmospheric
The generic dataset is intended for use as upstream data for UK consumed
timber products within EPDs and building level LCA assessments to EN
Assessment of environmental performance of buildings
Laminated veneer lumber (LVL) is an engineered wood product consisting of
multiple thin layers of wood held together with a synthetic adhesive. The
individual layers in LVL, known as veneers, are obtained by peeling larger
thin layers around 3mm thick. The veneers are dried and
then glued together with the grain in each layer oriented along the length of
the LVL product. Once the adhesive has been applied, the LVL is hot pressed
to give the required strength properties. As a final step, the LVL is cut to
length and may be sanded prior to distribution. LVL products typically range
90 mm in thickness and may be up to 12 m long.
The modelled product is a 45 mm thick LVL product manufactured from kiln
a moisture content of 12%. Several adhesives can be
in this study a mix of phenol formaldehyde
laminated veneer lumber based on the UK consumption mix
laminated veneer lumber, 12% wood moisture content (dry basis),
This generic dataset has been developed with reference to CEN/TR
— Methodology for
and has made use of data from existing
databases and EPD, compensated with data from UK industry and national
statistics for the specific situation related to UK consumption of timber
s. With regard to methodology, the datasets are in line with the core
Product Category Rules given in EN 15804+A1: 2013 Environmental product
Core rules for the product category of construction products
Round and sawn timber
Product category rules for wood and
and the draft EN 16449,
based products ― CalculaƟon of sequestraƟon of atmospheric
The generic dataset is intended for use as upstream data for UK consumed
timber products within EPDs and building level LCA assessments to EN
Assessment of environmental performance of buildings
Laminated veneer lumber (LVL) is an engineered wood product consisting of
multiple thin layers of wood held together with a synthetic adhesive. The
individual layers in LVL, known as veneers, are obtained by peeling larger
thin layers around 3mm thick. The veneers are dried and
then glued together with the grain in each layer oriented along the length of
the LVL product. Once the adhesive has been applied, the LVL is hot pressed
final step, the LVL is cut to
length and may be sanded prior to distribution. LVL products typically range
90 mm in thickness and may be up to 12 m long.
The modelled product is a 45 mm thick LVL product manufactured from kiln
a moisture content of 12%. Several adhesives can be
in this study a mix of phenol formaldehyde
laminated veneer lumber based on the UK consumption mix
laminated veneer lumber, 12% wood moisture content (dry basis),
This generic dataset has been developed with reference to CEN/TR
Methodology for
and has made use of data from existing
databases and EPD, compensated with data from UK industry and national
statistics for the specific situation related to UK consumption of timber
s. With regard to methodology, the datasets are in line with the core
Environmental product
Core rules for the product category of construction products
Round and sawn timber —
Product category rules for wood and
and the draft EN 16449, Wood
based products ― CalculaƟon of sequestraƟon of atmospheric
The generic dataset is intended for use as upstream data for UK consumed
timber products within EPDs and building level LCA assessments to EN
Assessment of environmental performance of buildings —
Laminated veneer lumber (LVL) is an engineered wood product consisting of
multiple thin layers of wood held together with a synthetic adhesive. The
individual layers in LVL, known as veneers, are obtained by peeling larger
thin layers around 3mm thick. The veneers are dried and
then glued together with the grain in each layer oriented along the length of
the LVL product. Once the adhesive has been applied, the LVL is hot pressed
final step, the LVL is cut to
length and may be sanded prior to distribution. LVL products typically range
The modelled product is a 45 mm thick LVL product manufactured from kiln
a moisture content of 12%. Several adhesives can be
in this study a mix of phenol formaldehyde
databases and EPD, compensated with data from UK industry and national
s. With regard to methodology, the datasets are in line with the core
Environmental product
Core rules for the product category of construction products,
Product category rules for wood and
Wood
The generic dataset is intended for use as upstream data for UK consumed
Laminated veneer lumber (LVL) is an engineered wood product consisting of
thin layers around 3mm thick. The veneers are dried and
then glued together with the grain in each layer oriented along the length of
the LVL product. Once the adhesive has been applied, the LVL is hot pressed
length and may be sanded prior to distribution. LVL products typically range
The modelled product is a 45 mm thick LVL product manufactured from kiln-
in this study a mix of phenol formaldehyde
2. (PF) and phenol resorcinol formaldehyde (PRF) has been used (PUR). The
overall adhesive content of the product is 2.5%.
Exact
However, the market in Europe has been historically dominated by Finland
and Sweden [UNECE 2000]. More recently, manufacturers in Europe have
started to manufacture LVL and demand for
America, although the level of export to the UK is unknown. In the absence
of reliable data, it has been estimated that the main countries exporting LVL
to the UK are Finland and Sweden, with small quantities arriving from
German
The sawn softwood used in the LVL product is modelled using the same
assumptions about forestry practices, sawmilling and kiln drying of the wood
veneers as the “Kiln dried sawn softwood” dataset also produced as part of
this project [
country of production.
Origin
Finland
Sweden
Germany
Canada
USA
Finland
Laminated veneer lumber manufacture has been estimated
information compiled by PE International and its industrial partners for the
manufacture of engineered wood products in Germany [PE International
2012]. The adhesive mix has been modelled using information from the
Environmental Product Declaratio
Veneer Lumber [APA 2013]. The overall mix of non
2.41% PF adhesive, 0.02% PRF and 0.03% unspecified filler. The energy mix
has been adapted to reflect the specific electricity and fuel mix in each
pro
peeling, drying, gluing, hot pressing and finishing.
Transport to UK customers was calculated based on:
(PF) and phenol resorcinol formaldehyde (PRF) has been used (PUR). The
overall adhesive content of the product is 2.5%.
Exact statistics on LVL production and imports to the UK were not available.
However, the market in Europe has been historically dominated by Finland
and Sweden [UNECE 2000]. More recently, manufacturers in Europe have
started to manufacture LVL and demand for
America, although the level of export to the UK is unknown. In the absence
of reliable data, it has been estimated that the main countries exporting LVL
to the UK are Finland and Sweden, with small quantities arriving from
Germany and North America.
The sawn softwood used in the LVL product is modelled using the same
assumptions about forestry practices, sawmilling and kiln drying of the wood
veneers as the “Kiln dried sawn softwood” dataset also produced as part of
this project [Wood First 2014], with energy grids adapted to reflect the
country of production.
Origin
Finland
Sweden
Germany
Canada
USA
Finland
Laminated veneer lumber manufacture has been estimated
information compiled by PE International and its industrial partners for the
manufacture of engineered wood products in Germany [PE International
2012]. The adhesive mix has been modelled using information from the
Environmental Product Declaratio
Veneer Lumber [APA 2013]. The overall mix of non
2.41% PF adhesive, 0.02% PRF and 0.03% unspecified filler. The energy mix
has been adapted to reflect the specific electricity and fuel mix in each
production country. The manufacturing steps included are: sawmilling,
peeling, drying, gluing, hot pressing and finishing.
Transport to UK customers was calculated based on:
• Truck transport from one of the country’s largest sawmills listed in
the online Sawmi
port
• Sea transport from the designated port to Hull, Felixstowe,
(PF) and phenol resorcinol formaldehyde (PRF) has been used (PUR). The
overall adhesive content of the product is 2.5%.
statistics on LVL production and imports to the UK were not available.
However, the market in Europe has been historically dominated by Finland
and Sweden [UNECE 2000]. More recently, manufacturers in Europe have
started to manufacture LVL and demand for
America, although the level of export to the UK is unknown. In the absence
of reliable data, it has been estimated that the main countries exporting LVL
to the UK are Finland and Sweden, with small quantities arriving from
y and North America.
The sawn softwood used in the LVL product is modelled using the same
assumptions about forestry practices, sawmilling and kiln drying of the wood
veneers as the “Kiln dried sawn softwood” dataset also produced as part of
Wood First 2014], with energy grids adapted to reflect the
country of production.
Laminated veneer lumber manufacture has been estimated
information compiled by PE International and its industrial partners for the
manufacture of engineered wood products in Germany [PE International
2012]. The adhesive mix has been modelled using information from the
Environmental Product Declaratio
Veneer Lumber [APA 2013]. The overall mix of non
2.41% PF adhesive, 0.02% PRF and 0.03% unspecified filler. The energy mix
has been adapted to reflect the specific electricity and fuel mix in each
duction country. The manufacturing steps included are: sawmilling,
peeling, drying, gluing, hot pressing and finishing.
Transport to UK customers was calculated based on:
Truck transport from one of the country’s largest sawmills listed in
the online Sawmill Database [Sawmill DB 2014] to a large national
Sea transport from the designated port to Hull, Felixstowe,
(PF) and phenol resorcinol formaldehyde (PRF) has been used (PUR). The
overall adhesive content of the product is 2.5%.
statistics on LVL production and imports to the UK were not available.
However, the market in Europe has been historically dominated by Finland
and Sweden [UNECE 2000]. More recently, manufacturers in Europe have
started to manufacture LVL and demand for
America, although the level of export to the UK is unknown. In the absence
of reliable data, it has been estimated that the main countries exporting LVL
to the UK are Finland and Sweden, with small quantities arriving from
y and North America.
The sawn softwood used in the LVL product is modelled using the same
assumptions about forestry practices, sawmilling and kiln drying of the wood
veneers as the “Kiln dried sawn softwood” dataset also produced as part of
Wood First 2014], with energy grids adapted to reflect the
Estimated Percentage of
Consumption Mix
40%
40%
10%
5%
5%
40%
Laminated veneer lumber manufacture has been estimated
information compiled by PE International and its industrial partners for the
manufacture of engineered wood products in Germany [PE International
2012]. The adhesive mix has been modelled using information from the
Environmental Product Declaration (EPD) for North American Laminated
Veneer Lumber [APA 2013]. The overall mix of non
2.41% PF adhesive, 0.02% PRF and 0.03% unspecified filler. The energy mix
has been adapted to reflect the specific electricity and fuel mix in each
duction country. The manufacturing steps included are: sawmilling,
peeling, drying, gluing, hot pressing and finishing.
Transport to UK customers was calculated based on:
Truck transport from one of the country’s largest sawmills listed in
ll Database [Sawmill DB 2014] to a large national
Sea transport from the designated port to Hull, Felixstowe,
(PF) and phenol resorcinol formaldehyde (PRF) has been used (PUR). The
overall adhesive content of the product is 2.5%.
statistics on LVL production and imports to the UK were not available.
However, the market in Europe has been historically dominated by Finland
and Sweden [UNECE 2000]. More recently, manufacturers in Europe have
started to manufacture LVL and demand for LVL has increased in North
America, although the level of export to the UK is unknown. In the absence
of reliable data, it has been estimated that the main countries exporting LVL
to the UK are Finland and Sweden, with small quantities arriving from
The sawn softwood used in the LVL product is modelled using the same
assumptions about forestry practices, sawmilling and kiln drying of the wood
veneers as the “Kiln dried sawn softwood” dataset also produced as part of
Wood First 2014], with energy grids adapted to reflect the
Estimated Percentage of
Consumption Mix
Laminated veneer lumber manufacture has been estimated
information compiled by PE International and its industrial partners for the
manufacture of engineered wood products in Germany [PE International
2012]. The adhesive mix has been modelled using information from the
n (EPD) for North American Laminated
Veneer Lumber [APA 2013]. The overall mix of non-
2.41% PF adhesive, 0.02% PRF and 0.03% unspecified filler. The energy mix
has been adapted to reflect the specific electricity and fuel mix in each
duction country. The manufacturing steps included are: sawmilling,
peeling, drying, gluing, hot pressing and finishing.
Transport to UK customers was calculated based on:
Truck transport from one of the country’s largest sawmills listed in
ll Database [Sawmill DB 2014] to a large national
Sea transport from the designated port to Hull, Felixstowe,
(PF) and phenol resorcinol formaldehyde (PRF) has been used (PUR). The
statistics on LVL production and imports to the UK were not available.
However, the market in Europe has been historically dominated by Finland
and Sweden [UNECE 2000]. More recently, manufacturers in Europe have
LVL has increased in North
America, although the level of export to the UK is unknown. In the absence
of reliable data, it has been estimated that the main countries exporting LVL
to the UK are Finland and Sweden, with small quantities arriving from
The sawn softwood used in the LVL product is modelled using the same
assumptions about forestry practices, sawmilling and kiln drying of the wood
veneers as the “Kiln dried sawn softwood” dataset also produced as part of
Wood First 2014], with energy grids adapted to reflect the
Estimated Percentage of
Consumption Mix
Laminated veneer lumber manufacture has been estimated based on
information compiled by PE International and its industrial partners for the
manufacture of engineered wood products in Germany [PE International
2012]. The adhesive mix has been modelled using information from the
n (EPD) for North American Laminated
Veneer Lumber [APA 2013]. The overall mix of non-wood components is
2.41% PF adhesive, 0.02% PRF and 0.03% unspecified filler. The energy mix
has been adapted to reflect the specific electricity and fuel mix in each
duction country. The manufacturing steps included are: sawmilling,
Transport to UK customers was calculated based on:
Truck transport from one of the country’s largest sawmills listed in
ll Database [Sawmill DB 2014] to a large national
Sea transport from the designated port to Hull, Felixstowe,
(PF) and phenol resorcinol formaldehyde (PRF) has been used (PUR). The
statistics on LVL production and imports to the UK were not available.
However, the market in Europe has been historically dominated by Finland
and Sweden [UNECE 2000]. More recently, manufacturers in Europe have
LVL has increased in North
America, although the level of export to the UK is unknown. In the absence
of reliable data, it has been estimated that the main countries exporting LVL
to the UK are Finland and Sweden, with small quantities arriving from
The sawn softwood used in the LVL product is modelled using the same
assumptions about forestry practices, sawmilling and kiln drying of the wood
veneers as the “Kiln dried sawn softwood” dataset also produced as part of
Wood First 2014], with energy grids adapted to reflect the
based on
information compiled by PE International and its industrial partners for the
manufacture of engineered wood products in Germany [PE International
2012]. The adhesive mix has been modelled using information from the
n (EPD) for North American Laminated
wood components is
2.41% PF adhesive, 0.02% PRF and 0.03% unspecified filler. The energy mix
has been adapted to reflect the specific electricity and fuel mix in each
duction country. The manufacturing steps included are: sawmilling,
Truck transport from one of the country’s largest sawmills listed in
ll Database [Sawmill DB 2014] to a large national
Sea transport from the designated port to Hull, Felixstowe,
statistics on LVL production and imports to the UK were not available.
However, the market in Europe has been historically dominated by Finland
America, although the level of export to the UK is unknown. In the absence
of reliable data, it has been estimated that the main countries exporting LVL
assumptions about forestry practices, sawmilling and kiln drying of the wood
veneers as the “Kiln dried sawn softwood” dataset also produced as part of
information compiled by PE International and its industrial partners for the
2.41% PF adhesive, 0.02% PRF and 0.03% unspecified filler. The energy mix
Truck transport from one of the country’s largest sawmills listed in
3. This yielded values for LV
Product use and maintenance have not been included due to the wide range
of potential uses and consequently the high level of uncertainty surrounding
this stage of the lifecycle.
End
recycling, 100% of wood waste to incineration with energy recovery and
100% of wood waste to landfill. Wood transport distances to landfill and
recycling of 25km and 21km were taken from survey data related to
construction end of life practices in the UK compiled by BRE [BRE 2013].
Transport to wood energy recovery plants was estimated to be 46km based
on average transport to one of an estimated 25 suitable biomass or waste
to-
The composition of t
account in the end
waste in each scenario, with adhesives modelled as inert in landfill.
Landfill gas production is modelled based on the MELMo
emissions in the UK. The values used in this project take into account
improvements to the assumptions regarding organic carbon degradation
suggested by Eunomia as a result of their review of MELMod for DEFRA
[Eunomia 2011]. Using typi
an organic carbon conversion of 38.5% has been calculated. The landfill gas
is assumed to have a 50:50 methane to carbon dioxide ratio by volume. The
landfill is assumed to be a modern “Type 3” landfill
with comprehensive gas collection) with a landfill gas extraction efficiency of
50%.
Wood waste sent for recycling is assumed to be used as woodchips and is
assigned credits related to the avoided production of woodchips from virgin
softwood. The adhesive component is assumed to be lost during recycling.
Southampton or Liverpool (dependent on country of production)
• Transport of 130 km from port to customer [DfT 2005]
This yielded values for LV
Product use and maintenance have not been included due to the wide range
of potential uses and consequently the high level of uncertainty surrounding
this stage of the lifecycle.
End-of-life data are provid
recycling, 100% of wood waste to incineration with energy recovery and
100% of wood waste to landfill. Wood transport distances to landfill and
recycling of 25km and 21km were taken from survey data related to
construction end of life practices in the UK compiled by BRE [BRE 2013].
Transport to wood energy recovery plants was estimated to be 46km based
on average transport to one of an estimated 25 suitable biomass or waste
-energy plants.
The composition of t
account in the end
waste in each scenario, with adhesives modelled as inert in landfill.
Landfill gas production is modelled based on the MELMo
emissions in the UK. The values used in this project take into account
improvements to the assumptions regarding organic carbon degradation
suggested by Eunomia as a result of their review of MELMod for DEFRA
[Eunomia 2011]. Using typi
an organic carbon conversion of 38.5% has been calculated. The landfill gas
is assumed to have a 50:50 methane to carbon dioxide ratio by volume. The
landfill is assumed to be a modern “Type 3” landfill
with comprehensive gas collection) with a landfill gas extraction efficiency of
50%.
Wood waste sent for recycling is assumed to be used as woodchips and is
assigned credits related to the avoided production of woodchips from virgin
softwood. The adhesive component is assumed to be lost during recycling.
Southampton or Liverpool (dependent on country of production)
Transport of 130 km from port to customer [DfT 2005]
This yielded values for LVL transport of 2808 km by sea and 721 km by road.
Product use and maintenance have not been included due to the wide range
of potential uses and consequently the high level of uncertainty surrounding
this stage of the lifecycle.
life data are provided for three scenarios: 100% of wood waste to
recycling, 100% of wood waste to incineration with energy recovery and
100% of wood waste to landfill. Wood transport distances to landfill and
recycling of 25km and 21km were taken from survey data related to
construction end of life practices in the UK compiled by BRE [BRE 2013].
Transport to wood energy recovery plants was estimated to be 46km based
on average transport to one of an estimated 25 suitable biomass or waste
energy plants.
The composition of the waste (water content, adhesive content) is taken into
account in the end-of-life modelling to reflect the characteristics of the
waste in each scenario, with adhesives modelled as inert in landfill.
Landfill gas production is modelled based on the MELMo
emissions in the UK. The values used in this project take into account
improvements to the assumptions regarding organic carbon degradation
suggested by Eunomia as a result of their review of MELMod for DEFRA
[Eunomia 2011]. Using typi
an organic carbon conversion of 38.5% has been calculated. The landfill gas
is assumed to have a 50:50 methane to carbon dioxide ratio by volume. The
landfill is assumed to be a modern “Type 3” landfill
with comprehensive gas collection) with a landfill gas extraction efficiency of
Wood waste sent for recycling is assumed to be used as woodchips and is
assigned credits related to the avoided production of woodchips from virgin
softwood. The adhesive component is assumed to be lost during recycling.
Southampton or Liverpool (dependent on country of production)
Transport of 130 km from port to customer [DfT 2005]
L transport of 2808 km by sea and 721 km by road.
Product use and maintenance have not been included due to the wide range
of potential uses and consequently the high level of uncertainty surrounding
ed for three scenarios: 100% of wood waste to
recycling, 100% of wood waste to incineration with energy recovery and
100% of wood waste to landfill. Wood transport distances to landfill and
recycling of 25km and 21km were taken from survey data related to
construction end of life practices in the UK compiled by BRE [BRE 2013].
Transport to wood energy recovery plants was estimated to be 46km based
on average transport to one of an estimated 25 suitable biomass or waste
he waste (water content, adhesive content) is taken into
life modelling to reflect the characteristics of the
waste in each scenario, with adhesives modelled as inert in landfill.
Landfill gas production is modelled based on the MELMo
emissions in the UK. The values used in this project take into account
improvements to the assumptions regarding organic carbon degradation
suggested by Eunomia as a result of their review of MELMod for DEFRA
[Eunomia 2011]. Using typical values for cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin,
an organic carbon conversion of 38.5% has been calculated. The landfill gas
is assumed to have a 50:50 methane to carbon dioxide ratio by volume. The
landfill is assumed to be a modern “Type 3” landfill
with comprehensive gas collection) with a landfill gas extraction efficiency of
Wood waste sent for recycling is assumed to be used as woodchips and is
assigned credits related to the avoided production of woodchips from virgin
softwood. The adhesive component is assumed to be lost during recycling.
Southampton or Liverpool (dependent on country of production)
Transport of 130 km from port to customer [DfT 2005]
L transport of 2808 km by sea and 721 km by road.
Product use and maintenance have not been included due to the wide range
of potential uses and consequently the high level of uncertainty surrounding
ed for three scenarios: 100% of wood waste to
recycling, 100% of wood waste to incineration with energy recovery and
100% of wood waste to landfill. Wood transport distances to landfill and
recycling of 25km and 21km were taken from survey data related to
construction end of life practices in the UK compiled by BRE [BRE 2013].
Transport to wood energy recovery plants was estimated to be 46km based
on average transport to one of an estimated 25 suitable biomass or waste
he waste (water content, adhesive content) is taken into
life modelling to reflect the characteristics of the
waste in each scenario, with adhesives modelled as inert in landfill.
Landfill gas production is modelled based on the MELMo
emissions in the UK. The values used in this project take into account
improvements to the assumptions regarding organic carbon degradation
suggested by Eunomia as a result of their review of MELMod for DEFRA
cal values for cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin,
an organic carbon conversion of 38.5% has been calculated. The landfill gas
is assumed to have a 50:50 methane to carbon dioxide ratio by volume. The
landfill is assumed to be a modern “Type 3” landfill
with comprehensive gas collection) with a landfill gas extraction efficiency of
Wood waste sent for recycling is assumed to be used as woodchips and is
assigned credits related to the avoided production of woodchips from virgin
softwood. The adhesive component is assumed to be lost during recycling.
Southampton or Liverpool (dependent on country of production)
Transport of 130 km from port to customer [DfT 2005]
L transport of 2808 km by sea and 721 km by road.
Product use and maintenance have not been included due to the wide range
of potential uses and consequently the high level of uncertainty surrounding
ed for three scenarios: 100% of wood waste to
recycling, 100% of wood waste to incineration with energy recovery and
100% of wood waste to landfill. Wood transport distances to landfill and
recycling of 25km and 21km were taken from survey data related to
construction end of life practices in the UK compiled by BRE [BRE 2013].
Transport to wood energy recovery plants was estimated to be 46km based
on average transport to one of an estimated 25 suitable biomass or waste
he waste (water content, adhesive content) is taken into
life modelling to reflect the characteristics of the
waste in each scenario, with adhesives modelled as inert in landfill.
Landfill gas production is modelled based on the MELMod model for landfill
emissions in the UK. The values used in this project take into account
improvements to the assumptions regarding organic carbon degradation
suggested by Eunomia as a result of their review of MELMod for DEFRA
cal values for cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin,
an organic carbon conversion of 38.5% has been calculated. The landfill gas
is assumed to have a 50:50 methane to carbon dioxide ratio by volume. The
landfill is assumed to be a modern “Type 3” landfill (large modern landfill
with comprehensive gas collection) with a landfill gas extraction efficiency of
Wood waste sent for recycling is assumed to be used as woodchips and is
assigned credits related to the avoided production of woodchips from virgin
softwood. The adhesive component is assumed to be lost during recycling.
Southampton or Liverpool (dependent on country of production)
L transport of 2808 km by sea and 721 km by road.
Product use and maintenance have not been included due to the wide range
of potential uses and consequently the high level of uncertainty surrounding
ed for three scenarios: 100% of wood waste to
recycling, 100% of wood waste to incineration with energy recovery and
100% of wood waste to landfill. Wood transport distances to landfill and
recycling of 25km and 21km were taken from survey data related to
construction end of life practices in the UK compiled by BRE [BRE 2013].
Transport to wood energy recovery plants was estimated to be 46km based
on average transport to one of an estimated 25 suitable biomass or waste-
he waste (water content, adhesive content) is taken into
life modelling to reflect the characteristics of the
waste in each scenario, with adhesives modelled as inert in landfill.
d model for landfill
emissions in the UK. The values used in this project take into account
improvements to the assumptions regarding organic carbon degradation
suggested by Eunomia as a result of their review of MELMod for DEFRA
cal values for cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin,
an organic carbon conversion of 38.5% has been calculated. The landfill gas
is assumed to have a 50:50 methane to carbon dioxide ratio by volume. The
(large modern landfill
with comprehensive gas collection) with a landfill gas extraction efficiency of
Wood waste sent for recycling is assumed to be used as woodchips and is
assigned credits related to the avoided production of woodchips from virgin
softwood. The adhesive component is assumed to be lost during recycling.
L transport of 2808 km by sea and 721 km by road.
Product use and maintenance have not been included due to the wide range
of potential uses and consequently the high level of uncertainty surrounding
Transport to wood energy recovery plants was estimated to be 46km based
he waste (water content, adhesive content) is taken into
d model for landfill
cal values for cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin,
an organic carbon conversion of 38.5% has been calculated. The landfill gas
is assumed to have a 50:50 methane to carbon dioxide ratio by volume. The
with comprehensive gas collection) with a landfill gas extraction efficiency of
assigned credits related to the avoided production of woodchips from virgin
4. Environmental Parameters Derived from the LCA
Production & Distribution (Cradle
Parameters describing environmental impacts
Global Warming Potential
Ozone Depletion Potential
Acidification Potential
Eutrophication Potential
Photochemical Ozone
Abiotic Depletion Potential (Elements)
Abiotic Depletion Potential (Fossil)
Parameters describing primary energy
Use of renewable primary energy excluding renewable
primary energy resources used as raw materials
Use of renewable primary energy resources used as raw
materials
Total use of renewable primary energy resources
Use of non
renewable primary energy resources used as raw
materials
Use of non
raw materials
Total use of non
Use of secondary material
Use of renewable secondary fuels
Use
Net use of fresh water
Other environmental information describing waste
categories
Hazardous waste disposed
Non
Radioactive waste disposed
Other environmental information describing output
flows
Components for re
Materials for recycling
Materials for energy recovery
Exported energy
Environmental Parameters Derived from the LCA
Production & Distribution (Cradle
Parameters describing environmental impacts
Global Warming Potential
Ozone Depletion Potential
Acidification Potential
Eutrophication Potential
Photochemical Ozone
Abiotic Depletion Potential (Elements)
Abiotic Depletion Potential (Fossil)
Parameters describing primary energy
Use of renewable primary energy excluding renewable
primary energy resources used as raw materials
Use of renewable primary energy resources used as raw
materials
Total use of renewable primary energy resources
Use of non-renewable primary energy excluding non
renewable primary energy resources used as raw
materials
Use of non-renewable primary
raw materials
Total use of non
Use of secondary material
Use of renewable secondary fuels
Use of non-renewable secondary fuels
Net use of fresh water
Other environmental information describing waste
categories
Hazardous waste disposed
Non-hazardous waste disposed
Radioactive waste disposed
Other environmental information describing output
flows
Components for re
Materials for recycling
Materials for energy recovery
Exported energy
Environmental Parameters Derived from the LCA
Production & Distribution (Cradle
Parameters describing environmental impacts
Global Warming Potential
Ozone Depletion Potential
Acidification Potential
Eutrophication Potential
Photochemical Ozone Creation Potential
Abiotic Depletion Potential (Elements)
Abiotic Depletion Potential (Fossil)
Parameters describing primary energy
Use of renewable primary energy excluding renewable
primary energy resources used as raw materials
Use of renewable primary energy resources used as raw
Total use of renewable primary energy resources
renewable primary energy excluding non
renewable primary energy resources used as raw
renewable primary
Total use of non-renewable primary energy resources
Use of secondary material
Use of renewable secondary fuels
renewable secondary fuels
Net use of fresh water
Other environmental information describing waste
Hazardous waste disposed
hazardous waste disposed
Radioactive waste disposed
Other environmental information describing output
Components for re-use
Materials for recycling
Materials for energy recovery
Exported energy
Environmental Parameters Derived from the LCA
Production & Distribution (Cradle
Parameters describing environmental impacts
Creation Potential
Abiotic Depletion Potential (Elements)
Abiotic Depletion Potential (Fossil)
Parameters describing primary energy
Use of renewable primary energy excluding renewable
primary energy resources used as raw materials
Use of renewable primary energy resources used as raw
Total use of renewable primary energy resources
renewable primary energy excluding non
renewable primary energy resources used as raw
renewable primary energy resources used as
renewable primary energy resources
Use of renewable secondary fuels
renewable secondary fuels
Other environmental information describing waste
hazardous waste disposed
Radioactive waste disposed
Other environmental information describing output
Materials for energy recovery
Environmental Parameters Derived from the LCA
Production & Distribution (Cradle
Parameters describing environmental impacts
Creation Potential
Parameters describing primary energy
Use of renewable primary energy excluding renewable
primary energy resources used as raw materials
Use of renewable primary energy resources used as raw
Total use of renewable primary energy resources
renewable primary energy excluding non-
renewable primary energy resources used as raw
energy resources used as
renewable primary energy resources
Other environmental information describing waste
Other environmental information describing output
Environmental Parameters Derived from the LCA
Production & Distribution (Cradle-to-
Units
kg CO2 eq.
kg CFC11 eq.
kg SO2 eq.
kg PO4 eq.
kg Ethene eq.
kg Sb eq.
MJ
Units
Use of renewable primary energy excluding renewable MJ, net
calorific value
Use of renewable primary energy resources used as raw MJ, net
calorific value
MJ, net
calorific value
- MJ, net
calorific value
energy resources used as MJ, net
calorific value
renewable primary energy resources MJ, net
calorific value
kg
MJ, net
calorific value
MJ, net
calorific value
m3
Other environmental information describing waste Units
kg
kg
kg
Other environmental information describing output Units
kg
kg
kg
MJ per energy
carrier
Environmental Parameters Derived from the LCA
-Site)
Units Production
kg CO2 eq.
kg CFC11 eq.
kg SO2 eq.
kg PO4 eq.
kg Ethene eq.
kg Sb eq.
MJ
Units Production
MJ, net
calorific value
MJ, net
calorific value
MJ, net
calorific value
MJ, net
calorific value
MJ, net
calorific value
MJ, net
calorific value
kg
MJ, net
calorific value
MJ, net
calorific value
3
Units Production
kg
kg
kg
Units Production
kg
kg
kg
MJ per energy
carrier
Production
(A1-A3)
-537
1.9E-08
1.15
0.171
0.105
5.81E-05
3540
Production
(A1-A3)
2410
8200
10600
5200
0
5200
0
0
0
2.99
Production
(A1-A3)
0.607
6.63
0.689
Production
(A1-A3)
0
0
0
0
Distribution
Installation
1.65E
-
1.29E
Distribution and
Installation
0.00927
Distribution and
Installation
0.000952
0.000712
Distribution and
Installation
Distribution and
Installation
(A4-A5)
44.3
1.65E-10
0.7
0.0841
-0.00248
1.29E-06
579
Distribution and
Installation
(A4-A5)
11.1
0
11.1
580
0
580
0
0
0
0.00927
Distribution and
Installation
(A4-A5)
0.000952
0.0351
0.000712
Distribution and
Installation
(A4-A5)
0
0
0
0
and
Distribution and
Distribution and
Distribution and
5. Environmental Parameters Derived from the LCA
End
Global Warming Potential
Ozone Depletion Potential
Acidification Potential
Eutrophication Potential
Photochemical Ozone Creation
Potential
Abiotic Depletion Potential
(Elements)
Abiotic Depletion
(Fossil)
Use of renewable primary energy
excluding renewable primary
energy resources used as raw
materials
Use
resources used as raw materials
Total use of renewable primary
energy resources
Use of non
energy excluding
primary energy resources used as
raw materials
Use of non
energy resources used as raw
materials
Total use of non
primary
Use of secondary material
Use of renewable secondary fuels
Use of non
fuels
Net use of fresh water
Environmental Parameters Derived from the LCA
End-of-Life
Parameters describing
environmental impacts
Global Warming Potential
Ozone Depletion Potential
Acidification Potential
Eutrophication Potential
Photochemical Ozone Creation
Potential
Abiotic Depletion Potential
(Elements)
Abiotic Depletion
(Fossil)
Parameters describing
environmental impacts
Use of renewable primary energy
excluding renewable primary
energy resources used as raw
materials
Use of renewable primary energy
resources used as raw materials
Total use of renewable primary
energy resources
Use of non-renewable primary
energy excluding
primary energy resources used as
raw materials
Use of non-renewable primary
energy resources used as raw
materials
Total use of non
primary energy resources
Use of secondary material
Use of renewable secondary fuels
Use of non-renewable secondary
fuels
Net use of fresh water
Environmental Parameters Derived from the LCA
Life
Parameters describing
environmental impacts
Global Warming Potential
Ozone Depletion Potential
Acidification Potential
Eutrophication Potential
Photochemical Ozone Creation
Abiotic Depletion Potential
Abiotic Depletion Potential
Parameters describing
environmental impacts
Use of renewable primary energy
excluding renewable primary
energy resources used as raw
of renewable primary energy
resources used as raw materials
Total use of renewable primary
energy resources
renewable primary
energy excluding non-renewable
primary energy resources used as
renewable primary
energy resources used as raw
Total use of non-renewable
energy resources
Use of secondary material
Use of renewable secondary fuels
renewable secondary
Net use of fresh water
Environmental Parameters Derived from the LCA
Parameters describing
environmental impacts
Units
kg CO2 eq.
kg CFC11 eq.
kg SO2 eq.
kg PO4 eq.
Photochemical Ozone Creation kg Ethene
eq.
Abiotic Depletion Potential kg Sb eq.
Potential MJ
Parameters describing
environmental impacts
Units
Use of renewable primary energy
excluding renewable primary
energy resources used as raw
MJ, net
calorific
value
of renewable primary energy
resources used as raw materials
MJ, net
calorific
value
Total use of renewable primary MJ, net
calorific
value
renewable primary
renewable
primary energy resources used as
MJ, net
calorific
value
renewable primary
energy resources used as raw
MJ, net
calorific
value
renewable MJ, net
calorific
value
kg
Use of renewable secondary fuels MJ,
calorific
value
renewable secondary MJ, net
calorific
value
m
Environmental Parameters Derived from the LCA
Units 100% Recycling
End-of
Processing
(C1-
kg CO2 eq. 814
kg CFC11 eq. 2.43E
kg SO2 eq. 0.0451
kg PO4 eq. 0.00733
kg Ethene
eq.
0.00193
kg Sb eq.
4.33E
MJ
263
Units 100% Recycling
End-of
Processing
(C1-
MJ, net
calorific
value
4.53
MJ, net
calorific
value
-8200
MJ, net
calorific
value
-8190
MJ, net
calorific
value
277
MJ, net
calorific
value
0
MJ, net
calorific
value
277
kg 0
MJ, net
calorific
value
0
MJ, net
calorific
value
0
m3
0.0154
Environmental Parameters Derived from the LCA
100% Recycling
of-Life
Processing
-C4)
Material and
Energy
Credits
(D)
814 -8.35
2.43E-10 -2.30E
0.0451 -0.0417
0.00733 -0.00772
0.00193 -0.00203
4.33E-07 -1.60E
263 -108
100% Recycling
of-Life
Processing
-C4)
Material and
Energy
Credits
(D)
4.53 -3.49
8200 0
8190 -3.49
277 -121
0 0
277 -121
0 488*
0 0
0 0
0.0154 -0.0139
Environmental Parameters Derived from the LCA
100% Recycling 100% Energy
Recovery
Material and
Energy
Credits
(D)
End-of-
Processing
(C1-C4)
8.35 845
2.30E-10 3.32E-
0.0417 0.797
0.00772 0.156
0.00203 0.0799
1.60E-07 2.37E-
108 297
100% Recycling 100% Energy
Recovery
Material and
Energy
Credits
(D)
End-of-
Processing
(C1-C4)
3.49 8200
-8200
3.49 5.30
121 311
0
121 311
488* 0
0
0
0.0139 0.594
100% Energy
Recovery
Life
Processing
C4)
Material and
Energy
Credits
(D)
845 -592
-10 -2.50E-08
0.797 -1.52
0.156 -0.136
0.0799 -0.0947
-06 -1.40E-05
297 -8270
100% Energy
Recovery
-Life
Processing
C4)
Material and
Energy
Credits
(D)
8200 -388
8200 0
5.30 -388
311 -9700
0
311 -9700
0
0
0
0.594 -1.61
100% Landfill
Material and
Energy
Credits
End-of-Life
Processing
(C1-C4)
592 928
-08 3.54E-10
1.52 1.50
0.136 0.105
0.0947 0.227
-05 6.58E-06
8270 687
100% Landfill
Material and
Energy
Credits
End-of-Life
Processing
(C1-C4)
388 22.4
0
388 22.4
9700 706
0
9700 706
0
0
0
1.61 -0.452
100% Landfill
Life
Processing
C4)
Material and
Energy
Credits
(D)
-78.6
10 -4.70E-09
-0.269
-0.0226
-0.0153
06 -2.30E-06
-1000
100% Landfill
Life
Processing
C4)
Material and
Energy
Credits
(D)
-72.6
0
-72.6
-1270
0
-1270
0
0
0
0.452 -0.300
Material and
09
0.0226
0.0153
06
Material and
Energy
6. Hazardous waste disposed
Non
Radioactive waste disposed
Components for re
Materials for recycling
Materials for energy recovery
Exported energy from Electricity
Exported energy from Thermal
Energy
Parameters describing
environmental impacts
Hazardous waste disposed
Non-hazardous waste disposed
Radioactive waste disposed
Parameters describing
environmental impacts
Components for re
Materials for recycling
Materials for energy recovery
Exported energy from Electricity
Exported energy from Thermal
Energy
*Represents use of secondary material in next product system
References
APA 2013
BRE 2013
DfT 2005
Eunomia 2011
PE International 2012
Sawmill DB 2014
UNECE 2000
Wood First 2014
Parameters describing
environmental impacts
Hazardous waste disposed
hazardous waste disposed
Radioactive waste disposed
Parameters describing
environmental impacts
Components for re-use
Materials for recycling
Materials for energy recovery
Exported energy from Electricity
Exported energy from Thermal
Represents use of secondary material in next product system
References
Eunomia 2011
PE International 2012
Sawmill DB 2014
UNECE 2000
Wood First 2014
Parameters describing
environmental impacts
Units
kg
hazardous waste disposed kg
Radioactive waste disposed kg
Parameters describing
environmental impacts
Units
kg
kg
Materials for energy recovery kg
Exported energy from Electricity MJ
Exported energy from Thermal MJ
Represents use of secondary material in next product system
American Wood Council and Canadian Wood Council, 2013.
Environmental Product Declaration
Lumber (LVL)
Northbrook, IL, USA
Anderson, J., Adams, K. and Shiers, D., 2013. Personal communication:
Survey of UK Construct
Department for Transport, 2005. Continuous Survey of Road Goods
Transport. Department for Transport, London, UK.
Eunomia Research & Consulting 2011.
UK Landfill
Research and Consulting Ltd., Bristol, UK.
PE International, 2012.
Engineering.
Germany.
Germany
The Sawmill Database.
February 2014.
UNECE Timber Committee, 2000.
1999
UNECE, Geneva, Switzerland.
PE International and Wood For Good.
Trade Federation
Units 100% Recycling
End-of
Processing
(C1-
kg 0.00584
kg 12.1
kg 0.00554
Units 100% Recycling
End-of
Processing
(C1-C4)
kg 0
kg 488
kg 0
MJ 0
MJ
0
Represents use of secondary material in next product system
American Wood Council and Canadian Wood Council, 2013.
Environmental Product Declaration
Lumber (LVL)
Northbrook, IL, USA
Anderson, J., Adams, K. and Shiers, D., 2013. Personal communication:
Survey of UK Construct
Department for Transport, 2005. Continuous Survey of Road Goods
Transport. Department for Transport, London, UK.
Eunomia Research & Consulting 2011.
UK Landfill Methane Emissions Model: Final Report to DEFRA.
Research and Consulting Ltd., Bristol, UK.
PE International, 2012.
Engineering.
Germany. LBP, University of Stuttgart and
Germany
The Sawmill Database.
February 2014.
UNECE Timber Committee, 2000.
1999-2000, Chapter 11.
UNECE, Geneva, Switzerland.
PE International and Wood For Good.
Trade Federation
100% Recycling
of-Life
Processing
-C4)
Material and
Energy
Credits
(D)
0.00584 -0.00526
12.1 -0.100
0.00554 -0.00507
100% Recycling
of-Life
Processing
-C4)
Material and
Energy
Credits
(D)
0 0
488 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
American Wood Council and Canadian Wood Council, 2013.
Environmental Product Declaration
Lumber (LVL). Declaration number 13CA24184.105.1. UL Environment,
Northbrook, IL, USA
Anderson, J., Adams, K. and Shiers, D., 2013. Personal communication:
Survey of UK Construction Waste Sites. BRE, Watford, UK
Department for Transport, 2005. Continuous Survey of Road Goods
Transport. Department for Transport, London, UK.
Eunomia Research & Consulting 2011.
Methane Emissions Model: Final Report to DEFRA.
Research and Consulting Ltd., Bristol, UK.
PE International, 2012. GaBi 6 Software and Database for Life Cycle
Engineering. Data on the manufacture of engineered wood products
LBP, University of Stuttgart and
The Sawmill Database. www.sawmilldatabase.com
February 2014.
UNECE Timber Committee, 2000.
, Chapter 11. Timber Bulletin , Vol. LIII, ECE/TIM/BULL/53/3
UNECE, Geneva, Switzerland.
PE International and Wood For Good.
Trade Federation, London, UK
100% Recycling 100% Energy
Recovery
Material and
Energy
Credits
(D)
End-of-
Processing
(C1-C4)
0.00526 0.00675
0.100 2.84
0.00507 0.00608
100% Recycling 100% Energy
Recovery
Material and
Energy
Credits
(D)
End-of-
Processing
(C1-C4)
0
0
0
2690
2790
American Wood Council and Canadian Wood Council, 2013.
Environmental Product Declaration –
Declaration number 13CA24184.105.1. UL Environment,
Anderson, J., Adams, K. and Shiers, D., 2013. Personal communication:
ion Waste Sites. BRE, Watford, UK
Department for Transport, 2005. Continuous Survey of Road Goods
Transport. Department for Transport, London, UK.
Eunomia Research & Consulting 2011.
Methane Emissions Model: Final Report to DEFRA.
Research and Consulting Ltd., Bristol, UK.
GaBi 6 Software and Database for Life Cycle
Data on the manufacture of engineered wood products
LBP, University of Stuttgart and
www.sawmilldatabase.com
UNECE Timber Committee, 2000. Forest Products Annual Market Review
Timber Bulletin , Vol. LIII, ECE/TIM/BULL/53/3
UNECE, Geneva, Switzerland.
PE International and Wood For Good.
, London, UK
100% Energy
Recovery
Life
Processing
C4)
Material and
Energy
Credits
(D)
0.00675 -0.614
2.84 -2.33
0.00608 -0.591
100% Energy
Recovery
Life
Processing
C4)
Material and
Energy
Credits
(D)
0
0
0
2690 0
2790 0
American Wood Council and Canadian Wood Council, 2013.
– North American Laminated Veneer
Declaration number 13CA24184.105.1. UL Environment,
Anderson, J., Adams, K. and Shiers, D., 2013. Personal communication:
ion Waste Sites. BRE, Watford, UK
Department for Transport, 2005. Continuous Survey of Road Goods
Transport. Department for Transport, London, UK.
Eunomia Research & Consulting 2011. Inventory Improvement Project
Methane Emissions Model: Final Report to DEFRA.
Research and Consulting Ltd., Bristol, UK.
GaBi 6 Software and Database for Life Cycle
Data on the manufacture of engineered wood products
LBP, University of Stuttgart and PE International, Stuttgart,
www.sawmilldatabase.com
Forest Products Annual Market Review
Timber Bulletin , Vol. LIII, ECE/TIM/BULL/53/3
PE International and Wood For Good. Kiln dried sawn softwood
100% Landfill
Material and
Energy
Credits
End-of-Life
Processing
(C1-C4)
0.614 0.0157
2.33 208
0.591 0.00745
100% Landfill
Material and
Energy
Credits
End-of-Life
Processing
(C1-C4)
0
0
0
506
0
American Wood Council and Canadian Wood Council, 2013.
North American Laminated Veneer
Declaration number 13CA24184.105.1. UL Environment,
Anderson, J., Adams, K. and Shiers, D., 2013. Personal communication:
ion Waste Sites. BRE, Watford, UK
Department for Transport, 2005. Continuous Survey of Road Goods
Transport. Department for Transport, London, UK.
Inventory Improvement Project
Methane Emissions Model: Final Report to DEFRA.
GaBi 6 Software and Database for Life Cycle
Data on the manufacture of engineered wood products
PE International, Stuttgart,
www.sawmilldatabase.com, last accessed
Forest Products Annual Market Review
Timber Bulletin , Vol. LIII, ECE/TIM/BULL/53/3
Kiln dried sawn softwood
100% Landfill
Life
Processing
C4)
Material and
Energy
Credits
(D)
0.0157 -0.115
-0.368
0.00745 -0.111
100% Landfill
Life
Processing
C4)
Material and
Energy
Credits
(D)
0
0
0
0
0
North American Laminated Veneer
Declaration number 13CA24184.105.1. UL Environment,
Anderson, J., Adams, K. and Shiers, D., 2013. Personal communication:
Department for Transport, 2005. Continuous Survey of Road Goods
Inventory Improvement Project –
Methane Emissions Model: Final Report to DEFRA. Eunomia
GaBi 6 Software and Database for Life Cycle
Data on the manufacture of engineered wood products in
PE International, Stuttgart,
, last accessed
Forest Products Annual Market Review
Timber Bulletin , Vol. LIII, ECE/TIM/BULL/53/3.
Kiln dried sawn softwood. Timber
Material and
Material and
Energy
Forest Products Annual Market Review