Spoken words should be used instead of printed words when graphics like animations or videos are the main focus and presented at the same time to avoid crucial multimedia presentations where all words are only in printed form.

1. Put words into spoken form rather than printed from whenever the graphic (animation, video, or series of static fames) is the focus of the words and both are presented simultaneously…avoid e-learning courses that contain crucial multimedia presentations where all words are in printed rather than spoken form. Reference: Clark, Ruth C. & Mayer, Richard E., (2006) e-Learning and the Science of Instruction . California: Pfeiffer.