2. Laboratory animals
⚫“Laboratory Animals” are defined as animals which
are used for experimental and diagnosis purpose which
may resemble in result with human beings.
⚫They can be very well used for carrying out various
biological experiments and research in biomedical as
well as veterinary and animal sciences.
5. ⚫Mice: are used for toxicological purpose,
microbiological and vaccine assay, insulin testing, ID,
LD-50, studies on cancer tissues various drug studies,
especially toxicologyof variousdrugs.
⚫80 % of experiments are done on rodents.
⚫About 70% of experiments are done on mice.
10. ⚫Guinea Pigs: these laboratory animals are used for
microbiological studies, allergic, anaphylactic shock
and preparation of anti sera.
⚫Guinea pigs are used in lab. Diagnosis of T.B. Because
lesionsof T. B. are prominent in Guinea pigs.
16. Importance (Utility/Role) of Laboratory Animals
Laboratory animals are used in basic biological research, diseases
medicine and
diagnosis, immunology, virology, applied
demonstration.
1. Pharmacology
2. Toxicology
3. Physiology
4. Experimental surgery
5. Diagnosis-Virology, Bacteriology, Pathology
6. Pregnancy testing
7. Bio-assay-vaccines, drugs and infusion fluids
8. Preparation of immune sera.
17. Bio-assay
⚫To confirm safety potency and utility of vaccines,
drugs, infusion fluids, immune sera, bio-assay is of
great help.
⚫These all aspects are standardized in laboratory
animals, prior to their distribution in the field.
⚫The level of toxins and toxins also need to be
confirmed for their potency.
18. movement began against
⚫19th century a major
animal experimentation.
⚫The Victoria Street Society (1875) in England.
⚫England that the first low on the protection of
experimental animals (Cruelty to Animals Act,1876)
19. Institutional Animal Ethics Committee (IAEC)
⚫“Laboratory Animal Bureau” was set up in India in
1947.
⚫CPCSEA Committee for the purpose of control &
supervision of experiments on animals under rule.
⚫CCMB Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology
⚫24th April World laboratory day
20. Biological data of Laboratory animals
s.n
o.
Physiological
Norms
Mice Rat Hamste
r
Guinea
pig
Rabbit
1 Gestation
period
21 days 21 16 68-72 30-32
2 Estrous cycle 4 days 5 4 16 continuou
s
3 Ovulation
mechanism
Spontaneo
us
Spontan
eous
Spontan
eous
Spontan
eous
Induced
4 Duration of
heat period
13 hrs 14 hrs 12 hrs 09 hrs 10 hrs
5 Breeding age 6 weeks 10-12 06-08 5
months
6 months
6 Breeding life 1-1.5 year 1-1.5 1-1.5 2-3 year 3 year
7 Method of
breeding
Harem
breeding
1male 4
1:4 1:2 1: 6 1:1
21. s.n
o.
Physiologica
l Norms
Mice Rat Hamster Guinea
pig
Rabbit
8. Birth weight ½-1 gm 5-6 gm 2 gm 75-100
gm
100gm
9 Litter size 07-09 do 05-07 03-05 05-10
10 Weaning age 21 days 21 21 10 45
11 Weaning
weight
25-30
gm
35-40 40 180-200
gm
800-1kg
12 Opening of
eyes
11 days
after
birth
10-12 10 At birth 10-12
13 Daily food
consumption
5 gm 15 15 30-50 100
14 Daily water
requirement
6 ml 24 ml 30 30 120-150
22. 15 Opening of
eyes
11 days
after
birth
10-12 10 At birth 10-12
16 Pulse
rate/mint
120 120 150 120 130
17 Respiration 110 110 110-150 110 120-130
18 Scientific
name
Mus
musculus
Rattus
novergicu
s
Mesocrice
tus
auratis
Cavia
porcellus
Orectolagus
cuniculus
19 Chromosome
number
40 42 22 64 44
20 No. of pairs of
mammary
05 05 6-7 01 3-4
21 Common
diseases
Salmonell
a, Typhoid
Salmonell
a, CRD
Wet tail Salmonella,
pasturella,
pseudotube
rculosis
pasturella,
Mange,
Coccidiosis
22 Remarks Teats are
absent in
male
‘’ Cheek
pouches
+, gall
Vitamin C
is must in
the diet
