Laboratory_Safety.pdf...................

Patient Safety Monitoring in International
Laboratories (SMILE) Program
1
Laboratory Safety
A SMILE Program Presentation

2
Responsibility
Who is responsible for safety in laboratories
clinics and hospitals participating in clinical
trials

3
Responsibility
Employer
 Establishes necessary policies
 Standard Operating procedures and
Safety Plan
 Engineering and work practice controls
 Personal protective equipment (PPE)
 Safety equipment such as fire
extinguishers and eye wash stations
 Training

4
Responsibility
Employee
 Knows and understands
safety policies and
procedures
 Follows safety policies
and procedures
 Reports unsafe
conditions to the Safety
Officer or Laboratory
Director

5
Responsibility
Safety is Everyone’s Responsibility!

6
Components of a Safety Program
 Fire safety
 Chemical Safety
 Bloodborne Pathogens

7
Fire Safety

8
Fire Safety
 The Fire Triangle
Chemical
Reaction
Heat
Oxygen
Fuel

9
Fire Safety
What should you do in case of a fire ?
Remember the acronym – RACE
Rescue – any people in danger
Alarm – activate the fire alarm
Contain – the fire by closing doors and windows
Extinguish – the fire if it is small enough

10
Fire Safety
Types of Fire Extinguishers
 A – Combustibles (paper, trash, cloth)
 B – Flammable liquids
 C – Electrical Equipment
 D – Combustible metals
(not Common)

11
Fire Safety
How do you operate a fire extinguisher?
Remember PASS
 Pull - the pin
 Aim – at the base of the Fire
 Squeeze - the handle
 Sweep - to cover the fire

12
Fire Safety
Maintenance of Fire Extinguishers
Fire extinguishers should be visually inspected on a monthly basis.
The inspection should assure that Fire extinguishers are:
 In their assigned place
 Not blocked or hidden
 Pressure gauges show adequate pressure
 Pins and seals are in place
 No signs of damage
 The nozzles are free of blockages

13
Chemical Safety

14
Chemical Safety
How Do Chemicals enter the body?
 Inhalation – breathing in (e.g. powders, fumes)
 Absorption – on skin or mucus membranes
 Ingestion – entry through the mouth
 Injection - through skin by foreign body

15
Chemical Safety
Examples of Chemical Hazards
 Carcinogens – cancer
 Corrosives –burns
 Hepatotoxins –liver damage
 Mutagens-damage genetic materials in cells
 Nephrotoxins – Kidney damage
 Neurotoxins – damage to the nervous system
 Tertatogens – birth defects

16
Chemical Safety
How can you obtain information about the
Chemicals you use?

17
Chemical Safety
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)
The following Data Can be found on MSDS sheets……….
Name of Chemical
Physical Characteristics and hazards
Health information
First Aid required if there is a spill or
exposure
Date of most recent update

18
Chemical Safety
MSDS Sheets Continued……….
 Need to check for updates annually
 Highlight the name of the chemical and the first aid
section for easy access in an emergency
 Organize in alphabetical order
 Must be available to everyone all of the time
 The internet is also a good way to access MSDS
sheets
 Instrument manufacturers usually have MSDS
sheets available on their websites.

19
Chemical Safety
What should you do if there is a chemical spill?
RAFT
Rescue
Avoid the Chemical
Find the MSDS
Telephone

20
Chemical Safety
Chemical Exposures
First AID
Flush with plenty of water
 For at least 15 minutes
 Remove contaminated clothing
Seek medical Attention
Document incident

21
Chemical Safety
Liquid Nitrogen
Characteristics of Liquid Nitrogen
 78% of atmosphere
 Colorless, Odorless, Tasteless,
Nontoxic
 Boils at -196 Degrees C
 Non Flammable

22
Chemical Safety
Liquid Nitrogen
When returning to the gaseous state:
 Can displace oxygen from the air
 Can lead to asphyxiation
Will not support Life

23
Chemical Safety
Liquid Nitrogen – Precautions
Always wear safety equipment
Avoid use in a small enclosed area
Avoid prolonged breathing of vapors
Avoid rough handling of containers
Install O2 Monitors in LN work areas

24
Chemical Safety
Liquid Nitrogen PPE
 Full face shield with safety glasses
 Cryogenic gloves
 Arm protection
 Lab coat
 Cuff-less pants
 Close toed shoes

25
Chemical Safety
Liquid Nitrogen Emergencies
 Inhalation – Move person into the fresh air
 Eyes – Flush with water for 15 minutes
 Skin - soak affected area in tepid water
 Seek medical attention
 Document incident

26
Chemical Safety
What’s Wrong with this picture?

27
Chemical Safety
Carbon Dioxide – Dry Ice
Characteristics of Carbon Dioxide
 Non flammable
 Can only be solid when the temperature is < -78oC
 Colorless, odorless, tasteless

28
Chemical Safety
Solid Carbon Dioxide
Can displace oxygen from air
Can lead to asphyxiation
Will not support life
High concentrations cause rapid circulatory
insufficiency
Nausea
Headache
Vomiting
Unconsciousness

29
Chemical Safety
Solid Carbon Dioxide – Dry Ice
 Always wear safety equipment
 Avoid use in a small enclosed area
 Avoid prolonged breathing of vapors
 Vent Closed CO2 containers away from
you when opening

30
Chemical Safety
Solid Carbon Dioxide – PPE
Full face shield with safety glasses
Cryogenic gloves
Lab coat
Close toed shoes

31
Chemical Safety
Solid Carbon Dioxide – Emergencies
 Inhalation – Move person into the fresh air
 Eyes – Flush with water for 15 minutes
 Skin - soak affected area in tepid water
Seek medical attention
 Document incident

32
Chemical Safety
Managing Chemicals in the Laboratory
 Storage
 Hazard Communication
 MSDS Updates
 Acids and Bases in separate approved
cabinets
 Spill kits available

33
Chemical Safety
What’s Wrong with this picture?

34
SAFETY – Waste Disposal
Tips for safe disposal of laboratory waste:
 Place all sharps in approved sharps containers
 Use goggles or full face shields to protect mucus
membranes from splashes when disposing of liquid
waste or specimen tubes.
 Refer to MSDS sheets for information on the safe
disposal of chemicals

35
Bloodborne Pathogens

36
What are bloodborne pathogens?
Viruses, bacteria or other micro-organisms that are carried in the
bloodstream and are capable of causing disease.
Other body fluids that can spread bloodborne pathogens include:
 Blood products (plasma, platelets)
 Abdominal fluids
 Amniotic fluids
 Cerebrospinal fluids
 Vaginal secretions
 Semen

37
Most Common Bloodborne Pathogens
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis C
HIV

38
Standard Precautions
Standard Precautions replaces Universal
Precautions – using Standard Precautions all
blood and body fluids are treated as
infectious all of the time.

39
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
Gloves
Safety glasses/Goggles
Lab coats (should be fluid resistant)
Face shields

40
PPE Continued…….
How much PPE should you use?
Wear as much or as little as you anticipate you will
need to prevent blood and other infectious
materials from contact with your skin, mucus
membranes and clothing.

41
Blood borne Pathogens
General Safety Rules
Handle sharps with care:
 Do not recap needles or other sharps
 Do not bend or break off needles
 Dispose of sharps in puncture resistant containers
DO Not:
Eat, drink, smoke, apply cosmetics, take medication in
areas where you are working with blood and other body
fluids

42
What should you do if there is a blood or body
fluid exposure ?
 Follow the post exposure prophylaxis (PEP) plan
 Wash puncture wounds with soap and water
 Flush affected mucus membranes with water
 Inform Safety Officer or administrative staff member
 Seek medical attention
 Complete an incident report form

43
Hand Washing
A basic but very important method of reducing
your risk of infection.

44
Hand Washing
What song should you sing while you are
washing your hands so that you know
that you have washed for enough time?

45
Laboratory Safety
Questions and Comments

46
Laboratory Safety
References:
1.PPD (May, 2005) – PowerPoint Presentation, Presented at the
Washington DC GCLP Meeting.
2. WWW.safetylady.com

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