Inbreeding depression, reproductive trends, and biological variation in two i...AI Publications
Genetic diversity and inbreeding can affect the long-term viability of plant populations subjected to size reductions, according to theory. In addition, a variety of life-history and ecological features can influence the response to population size reductions in different species. For the uncommon and fragmented Jumellea fragrans and its widely distributed congener, J. rossii, the reproductive patterns, levels of genetic diversity and degree of inbreeding depression were examined. Over-collection and fragmentation on J. fragrans were the primary goals of this study; we also wanted to learn more about their biology and ecology in order to better understand their medicinal and aromatic characteristics. For the purposes of determining the breeding system and assessing inbreeding depression, hand pollination experiments were done. Selfing rates and levels of genetic diversity were studied using nuclear microsatellite markers. During the germination stage (d 14 066) of Jumellea rossii, a mixed-mating system and evidence of inbreeding depression were discovered. Allele richness (AR) was 8 575 and expected heterozygosity (He) was 0 673. The genetic diversity was relatively high. Selfing rates in J. fragrans reflect an outcrossing mating mechanism. It is likely that the low levels of genetic diversity observed in this population were due to the outcrossing mating system and the comparatively high density of individuals compared to those found in J. rossii (AR 14 4983 and He 14 0492). According to researchers, Jumellea fra-grans did not display signs of inbreeding depression. Even if the long-term viability of the J. fragrans population is not in jeopardy, fragmentation and over-collection have likely diminished its genetic diversity. Both in situ and ex situ conservation measures for J. fragrans are proposed in order to meet local demand.
Mobius Foundation Newsletter July 2020. The Latest newsletter published by Mobius Foundation which is an NGO for Environment and Sustainability & one of the TOP NGO in Delhi
Inbreeding depression, reproductive trends, and biological variation in two i...AI Publications
Genetic diversity and inbreeding can affect the long-term viability of plant populations subjected to size reductions, according to theory. In addition, a variety of life-history and ecological features can influence the response to population size reductions in different species. For the uncommon and fragmented Jumellea fragrans and its widely distributed congener, J. rossii, the reproductive patterns, levels of genetic diversity and degree of inbreeding depression were examined. Over-collection and fragmentation on J. fragrans were the primary goals of this study; we also wanted to learn more about their biology and ecology in order to better understand their medicinal and aromatic characteristics. For the purposes of determining the breeding system and assessing inbreeding depression, hand pollination experiments were done. Selfing rates and levels of genetic diversity were studied using nuclear microsatellite markers. During the germination stage (d 14 066) of Jumellea rossii, a mixed-mating system and evidence of inbreeding depression were discovered. Allele richness (AR) was 8 575 and expected heterozygosity (He) was 0 673. The genetic diversity was relatively high. Selfing rates in J. fragrans reflect an outcrossing mating mechanism. It is likely that the low levels of genetic diversity observed in this population were due to the outcrossing mating system and the comparatively high density of individuals compared to those found in J. rossii (AR 14 4983 and He 14 0492). According to researchers, Jumellea fra-grans did not display signs of inbreeding depression. Even if the long-term viability of the J. fragrans population is not in jeopardy, fragmentation and over-collection have likely diminished its genetic diversity. Both in situ and ex situ conservation measures for J. fragrans are proposed in order to meet local demand.
Mobius Foundation Newsletter July 2020. The Latest newsletter published by Mobius Foundation which is an NGO for Environment and Sustainability & one of the TOP NGO in Delhi
Dr Mike Wells presentation at The Sustainable Green Infrastructure Conference...Green Social Engineering
To view the video of this presentation please visit http://www.GreenSocialEngineering.org.
Dr Mike Wells presentation at The Sustainable Green Infrastructure Conference 2014 - Green Infrastructure Good, Biodiverse Green Infrastructure Better.
Dr Mike Wells -
Director - Biodiversity by Design, UK Research Fellow – Bath School of Architecture and Civil Engineering Dr Mike Wells is an ecologist with over 25 years experience of ecological science and over 20 years in professional ecological consultancy.
Mike's key interests now lie in finding new opportunities for biodiversity enhancement, sustainable ecosystem goods and services and ecological education by exploring in the 'creative gaps' between disciplines including Architecture, Landscape Architecture, Ecology, Engineering and Art.
Mike has worked on a many large-scale ecological assessment and design projects around the world and specialises in the Green Infrastructure aspects of eco-masterplanning and delivery and assessment of the ecosystem services gained. Mike co-founded Biodiversity by Design in 2006 expressly to engage in promoting truly sustainable exemplar development projects, multifunctional landscapes and global biodiversity conservation.
In 2007 Mike was part of the UK National Regeneration Agency (English Partnerships) national training panel on 'designing for biodiversity'.
Mike is currently a member of the European Federation of Environmental Professionals and also a member of the UK All-Party Parliamentary Committee on Biodiversity.
To view the video of this presentation at The Sustainable Green Infrastructure Conference please visit http://www.GreenSocialEngineering.org.
Bactriophage history and their uses in environment Jayan Eranga
this is to describe what is bacteriophage is and what is their use as indicator organisms and important in treating for wastewater treatment systems. also it describes their replication cycles as well as their historic milestones too.
Insights of allelopathic, insecticidal and repellent potential of an invasive...Innspub Net
Sphaeranthus suaveolens is a weed from the family Asteraceae, it grows abundantly in wet areas and is most common in rice fields. The extracts from plants closely related to S. suaveolens have been reported to have allelopathic, insecticidal, antifeedant, repellent, and other biological activities. Currently, the use of synthetic chemicals to control weeds and insect pests raises several concerns related to the environment and human health. Extracts from plants with pesticidal properties can offer the best and an environmentally friendly alternative. Some of these extracts have been extensively tested to assess their applications as valuable natural resources in sustainable agriculture. This review article, therefore, explores the potential of S. suaveolens extracts in controlling insect pests and managing weeds by smallholder farmers.
assessing heterogeneous influences on partial deposition of virus in lateriticIJCMESJOURNAL
This paper monitored the rate of partial deposition of virus on heterogeneous formation, the study were able to monitor the behaviour of virus in heterogeneous deposition influencing partial concentration of virus in Lateritic and silty formation. The study was able to observe the rate of partial deposition base on its rate of fluctuation through variation observed from deposited void ratio and permeability, such formation developed fluctuation on these parameters thus generated partial deposition of virus in the study area. Linear deposition were also experienced in graphical representation, the result obtained ranged from [1.97E-12-2.35E-11],[3-30M], [1.97E-12-2.36E-11[10-100] Predictive 1.97E-12, Experimental 1.87E-12 [3-36m], predictive, [1,97E-12], Experimental [2.26E-11] [10-120 Days] predictive 2.36E-12, Experimental 2.24E-11,[10-120Days] [1.31E-12-2.36E11], Predictive1.31E-12, Experimental, 2.36E-11 [2-30m], predictive,[2.36E-11-2.2E-11]; [2-30m] ,for Time 1.31E-12-2.36E-11[4-60days] while predictive and Experimental,[2,36E-11] [1.37E-12-2,22E-11] [2-30m] The prediction rate of partial deposition of virus was possible through mathematical modeling techniques, the system were developed base on the parameters from predominant formation characteristics in study location, these parameters generated the derived model through the developed governing equation, simulation generated theoretical values that were compared with experimental results, both parameters developed best fits validating the model, experts will definitely applied this approach in monitoring and evaluation of virus deposits in the study area.
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ENV 300 Environmental Biology
July 27, 2014
In an ever changing world it benefits all to understand those changes affecting all areas of life in a rapidly expanding planet. Biodiversity is the variation that exists in the natural world at all levels of biological organization all organisms in a defined area, all of their variations and all of their interactions with each other and with the physical environment (Bandopadhyay, Yakoob, Sunny 2010). This paper shall explain Biological evolution, competition and ecological niches, food webs, geography, human population expansion and how humans can help conservationist with the many ecosystems in the world. The Measurement of Biodiversity is utilizes a variety of objective measures which have been established in order to empirically measure biodiversity Bandopadhyay, Yakoob, Sunny 2010). Each evaluation of biodiversity pertains to a particular use of the information. For practical conservationists, dimensions should consist of a quantification of principles that are commonly-shared among regionally impacted organisms, such as people. For others, a more financially defensible meaning should allow the guaranteeing of ongoing opportunities for both adaptation and future use by people, guaranteeing ecological durability. As a side impact, scientists claim that this evaluation is likely to be associated with the wide range of genetics. Since it cannot always be said which genetics are more likely to confirm valuable, the best option for conservationist is to guarantee the determination of as many genetics as possible. For ecologists, this latter strategy is sometimes regarded too limit as it prevents ecological sequence.
Environmental Conservation
Maintaining existing ecosystems benefits all life forms mainly because there is a clear relationship between the conservation of biological
Diversity and the discovery of new biological resources. The relatively small number of developed plant species currently being cultivated have been largely researched and selected for breeding. But there are many other plants presently being ignored and under-utilized food crops which have the potential to become important crops in the future. Local tribes usually use the crops and have knowledge of the uses of wild plants which makes them a good source for ideas on developing new plant products. Plants and animals are vital and undoubtedly an important part of the cultural life of humans.
Human cultures have thrived and evolved over time with their environment and biological diversity has proven to impart a distinctive cultural identity to different communities. Areas needing immediate intervention and protection for conservation of biodiversity are called Biodiversity Hot Spots. The IUCN and WWF are among ...
Dr Mike Wells presentation at The Sustainable Green Infrastructure Conference...Green Social Engineering
To view the video of this presentation please visit http://www.GreenSocialEngineering.org.
Dr Mike Wells presentation at The Sustainable Green Infrastructure Conference 2014 - Green Infrastructure Good, Biodiverse Green Infrastructure Better.
Dr Mike Wells -
Director - Biodiversity by Design, UK Research Fellow – Bath School of Architecture and Civil Engineering Dr Mike Wells is an ecologist with over 25 years experience of ecological science and over 20 years in professional ecological consultancy.
Mike's key interests now lie in finding new opportunities for biodiversity enhancement, sustainable ecosystem goods and services and ecological education by exploring in the 'creative gaps' between disciplines including Architecture, Landscape Architecture, Ecology, Engineering and Art.
Mike has worked on a many large-scale ecological assessment and design projects around the world and specialises in the Green Infrastructure aspects of eco-masterplanning and delivery and assessment of the ecosystem services gained. Mike co-founded Biodiversity by Design in 2006 expressly to engage in promoting truly sustainable exemplar development projects, multifunctional landscapes and global biodiversity conservation.
In 2007 Mike was part of the UK National Regeneration Agency (English Partnerships) national training panel on 'designing for biodiversity'.
Mike is currently a member of the European Federation of Environmental Professionals and also a member of the UK All-Party Parliamentary Committee on Biodiversity.
To view the video of this presentation at The Sustainable Green Infrastructure Conference please visit http://www.GreenSocialEngineering.org.
Bactriophage history and their uses in environment Jayan Eranga
this is to describe what is bacteriophage is and what is their use as indicator organisms and important in treating for wastewater treatment systems. also it describes their replication cycles as well as their historic milestones too.
Insights of allelopathic, insecticidal and repellent potential of an invasive...Innspub Net
Sphaeranthus suaveolens is a weed from the family Asteraceae, it grows abundantly in wet areas and is most common in rice fields. The extracts from plants closely related to S. suaveolens have been reported to have allelopathic, insecticidal, antifeedant, repellent, and other biological activities. Currently, the use of synthetic chemicals to control weeds and insect pests raises several concerns related to the environment and human health. Extracts from plants with pesticidal properties can offer the best and an environmentally friendly alternative. Some of these extracts have been extensively tested to assess their applications as valuable natural resources in sustainable agriculture. This review article, therefore, explores the potential of S. suaveolens extracts in controlling insect pests and managing weeds by smallholder farmers.
assessing heterogeneous influences on partial deposition of virus in lateriticIJCMESJOURNAL
This paper monitored the rate of partial deposition of virus on heterogeneous formation, the study were able to monitor the behaviour of virus in heterogeneous deposition influencing partial concentration of virus in Lateritic and silty formation. The study was able to observe the rate of partial deposition base on its rate of fluctuation through variation observed from deposited void ratio and permeability, such formation developed fluctuation on these parameters thus generated partial deposition of virus in the study area. Linear deposition were also experienced in graphical representation, the result obtained ranged from [1.97E-12-2.35E-11],[3-30M], [1.97E-12-2.36E-11[10-100] Predictive 1.97E-12, Experimental 1.87E-12 [3-36m], predictive, [1,97E-12], Experimental [2.26E-11] [10-120 Days] predictive 2.36E-12, Experimental 2.24E-11,[10-120Days] [1.31E-12-2.36E11], Predictive1.31E-12, Experimental, 2.36E-11 [2-30m], predictive,[2.36E-11-2.2E-11]; [2-30m] ,for Time 1.31E-12-2.36E-11[4-60days] while predictive and Experimental,[2,36E-11] [1.37E-12-2,22E-11] [2-30m] The prediction rate of partial deposition of virus was possible through mathematical modeling techniques, the system were developed base on the parameters from predominant formation characteristics in study location, these parameters generated the derived model through the developed governing equation, simulation generated theoretical values that were compared with experimental results, both parameters developed best fits validating the model, experts will definitely applied this approach in monitoring and evaluation of virus deposits in the study area.
Biodiversity and Land Quality Essay
Why Is Ocean Biodiversity Important
Essay On Endangered Plants
Big Idea Biodiversity
biodiversity Essay
Biodiversity Loss And Loss Of Habitat Loss
Biodiversity And Biodiversity
Biodiversity And Its Effects On Biodiversity
Reflection Essay On Biodiversity
Biodiversity And Its Impact On Biodiversity
Biodiversity, Or Biological Diversity
Essay on Biodiversity
Biodiversity, Or Biological Diversity
Paragraph On Conservation Of Biodiversity
Marine Biodiversity : A Global Pattern Essay
Biodiversity In Australia
Persuasive Essay On Biodiversity Conservation
Biodiversity
Essay about The Importance of Biodiversity
Lab Report Biodiversity
Biodiversity in Motion 1 Biodiversity in MotionAntoine CrowderJennifer Ott
ENV 300 Environmental Biology
July 27, 2014
In an ever changing world it benefits all to understand those changes affecting all areas of life in a rapidly expanding planet. Biodiversity is the variation that exists in the natural world at all levels of biological organization all organisms in a defined area, all of their variations and all of their interactions with each other and with the physical environment (Bandopadhyay, Yakoob, Sunny 2010). This paper shall explain Biological evolution, competition and ecological niches, food webs, geography, human population expansion and how humans can help conservationist with the many ecosystems in the world. The Measurement of Biodiversity is utilizes a variety of objective measures which have been established in order to empirically measure biodiversity Bandopadhyay, Yakoob, Sunny 2010). Each evaluation of biodiversity pertains to a particular use of the information. For practical conservationists, dimensions should consist of a quantification of principles that are commonly-shared among regionally impacted organisms, such as people. For others, a more financially defensible meaning should allow the guaranteeing of ongoing opportunities for both adaptation and future use by people, guaranteeing ecological durability. As a side impact, scientists claim that this evaluation is likely to be associated with the wide range of genetics. Since it cannot always be said which genetics are more likely to confirm valuable, the best option for conservationist is to guarantee the determination of as many genetics as possible. For ecologists, this latter strategy is sometimes regarded too limit as it prevents ecological sequence.
Environmental Conservation
Maintaining existing ecosystems benefits all life forms mainly because there is a clear relationship between the conservation of biological
Diversity and the discovery of new biological resources. The relatively small number of developed plant species currently being cultivated have been largely researched and selected for breeding. But there are many other plants presently being ignored and under-utilized food crops which have the potential to become important crops in the future. Local tribes usually use the crops and have knowledge of the uses of wild plants which makes them a good source for ideas on developing new plant products. Plants and animals are vital and undoubtedly an important part of the cultural life of humans.
Human cultures have thrived and evolved over time with their environment and biological diversity has proven to impart a distinctive cultural identity to different communities. Areas needing immediate intervention and protection for conservation of biodiversity are called Biodiversity Hot Spots. The IUCN and WWF are among ...
Why Is Ocean Biodiversity Important
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GENERAL EDUCATION COMMON ASSIGNMENTI. TITLE & NUMBER OF THE COU.docxhanneloremccaffery
GENERAL EDUCATION COMMON ASSIGNMENT
I. TITLE & NUMBER OF THE COURSE: GOVT 2305 or 2306
II. TITLE OF THE ASSIGNMENT: Course Level Assessment - Content Learning & General Education Outcomes - Government 2305 & 2306
III. GENERAL EDUCATION CORE OBJECTIVES TO BE ASSESSED WITH THIS:
A. Communication Skills
B. Critical Thinking
C. Social Responsibility
D. Personal Responsibility
IV. DESCRIPTION OF ASSIGNMENT
Objectives of the Writing Assignment
· Learn about a current political issue or problem of political consequence.
· Develop your Internet and library research skills.
· Evaluate your topic from the perspective of different cultures and/or political viewpoints as well as your own.
· Improve personal and social responsibility.
· Improve communication and critical thinking skills.
Paper Criteria
· Topic selection— A current governmental or political (not historical) issue or problem of importance
· Content— address the various sides of the issue with the student drawing personal conclusions based on their own analysis of the issue, and demonstrating an understanding of its complexities. Compare and contrast the different viewpoints of sources used on your topic taking into account the limits of a position. Present an informed evaluation of the evidence and different viewpoint surrounding the topic.
· Paper length - your paper should be at minimum (no maximum) of 750 words long (not counting headings). The paper should be typewritten and double-spaced, and based on information from a minimum of three sources (no maximum).
· Writing style—with few or no typographical errors, misspelled words, and grammatical errors. Use proper paragraphing and improve your writing style by revising the paper as many times as necessary.
· Citations—anytime you borrow someone’s ideas, paraphrase or quote them, cite all sources using an appropriate method approved by the instructor. Analyze and question your sources assumptions.
· A bibliography or “work cited” page also using an appropriate method approved by the instructor.
Environmental Science Table of Contents
37
Lab 3
Biodiversity
Biodiversity
Concepts to Explore
• Biodiversity
• Species diversity
• Ecosystem diversity
• Genetic diversity
• Natural selection
• Extinction
Introduction
Biodiversity, short for biological diversity, includes the genetic variation between all organisms, species, and
populations, and all of their complex communities and ecosystems. It also reflects to the interrelatedness of
genes, species, and ecosystems and their interactions with the environment. Biodiversity is not evenly distrib-
uted across the globe; rather, it varies greatly and even varies within regions. It is partially ruled by climate,
whereas tropical regions can support more species than a polar climate. In whole, biodiversity represents
variation within three levels:
• Species diversity
• Ecosystem diversity
• Genetic d ...
IRC- Centro de Recursos Informativos. Boletin informativo del Mes de MArzo 2015
CONTENIDO:
1. Dia Mundial de la Internet
2. Amenazas Cibernéticas: Conoces la diferencia entre un Virus, un Gusano y Caballo de Troya?
3. Rincones Estadounidenses (American Spaces)
4. Talleres
IRC- Centro de Recursos Informativos. Boletin informativo del Mes de MArzo 2015
CONTENIDO:
1. Dia Mundial del Libro y del Derecho de Autor
2. Amenazas Cibernéticas: Que es Phishing?
3. Rincones Estadounidenses (American Spaces)
4. Talleres
IRC- Centro de Recursos Informativos. Boletin informativo del Mes de Abril 2015
CONTENIDO:
1. Mes de Apreciacion del Jazz
2. Dia de la Tierra
3. Rincones Estadounidenses (American Spaces)
4. Talleres
IRC- Centro de Recursos Informativos. Boletin informativo del Mes de MArzo 2015
CONTENIDO:
1. Mes de Historia de la Mujer
2. Amenazas Cibernéticas: Que es un Botnet?
3. Rincones Estadounidenses (American Spaces)
4. Talleres
Noticias del IRC- Centro de Recursos Informativos. Incluye: citas citables; Charla sobre lectores digitales; nuevas tecnologias: impresores 3D; Proximos talleres
Nuevo Boletin del IRC. Incluye: Dia de MArtin L. King Jr.; Evaluacion Sala Cientifica EE.UU- UDB; Toma de Posesion de Barack Obama 2013; Nuevas Adquiciones....
"Understanding the Carbon Cycle: Processes, Human Impacts, and Strategies for...MMariSelvam4
The carbon cycle is a critical component of Earth's environmental system, governing the movement and transformation of carbon through various reservoirs, including the atmosphere, oceans, soil, and living organisms. This complex cycle involves several key processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and carbon sequestration, each contributing to the regulation of carbon levels on the planet.
Human activities, particularly fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, have significantly altered the natural carbon cycle, leading to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and driving climate change. Understanding the intricacies of the carbon cycle is essential for assessing the impacts of these changes and developing effective mitigation strategies.
By studying the carbon cycle, scientists can identify carbon sources and sinks, measure carbon fluxes, and predict future trends. This knowledge is crucial for crafting policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions, enhancing carbon storage, and promoting sustainable practices. The carbon cycle's interplay with climate systems, ecosystems, and human activities underscores its importance in maintaining a stable and healthy planet.
In-depth exploration of the carbon cycle reveals the delicate balance required to sustain life and the urgent need to address anthropogenic influences. Through research, education, and policy, we can work towards restoring equilibrium in the carbon cycle and ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come.
WRI’s brand new “Food Service Playbook for Promoting Sustainable Food Choices” gives food service operators the very latest strategies for creating dining environments that empower consumers to choose sustainable, plant-rich dishes. This research builds off our first guide for food service, now with industry experience and insights from nearly 350 academic trials.
Willie Nelson Net Worth: A Journey Through Music, Movies, and Business Venturesgreendigital
Willie Nelson is a name that resonates within the world of music and entertainment. Known for his unique voice, and masterful guitar skills. and an extraordinary career spanning several decades. Nelson has become a legend in the country music scene. But, his influence extends far beyond the realm of music. with ventures in acting, writing, activism, and business. This comprehensive article delves into Willie Nelson net worth. exploring the various facets of his career that have contributed to his large fortune.
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Introduction
Willie Nelson net worth is a testament to his enduring influence and success in many fields. Born on April 29, 1933, in Abbott, Texas. Nelson's journey from a humble beginning to becoming one of the most iconic figures in American music is nothing short of inspirational. His net worth, which estimated to be around $25 million as of 2024. reflects a career that is as diverse as it is prolific.
Early Life and Musical Beginnings
Humble Origins
Willie Hugh Nelson was born during the Great Depression. a time of significant economic hardship in the United States. Raised by his grandparents. Nelson found solace and inspiration in music from an early age. His grandmother taught him to play the guitar. setting the stage for what would become an illustrious career.
First Steps in Music
Nelson's initial foray into the music industry was fraught with challenges. He moved to Nashville, Tennessee, to pursue his dreams, but success did not come . Working as a songwriter, Nelson penned hits for other artists. which helped him gain a foothold in the competitive music scene. His songwriting skills contributed to his early earnings. laying the foundation for his net worth.
Rise to Stardom
Breakthrough Albums
The 1970s marked a turning point in Willie Nelson's career. His albums "Shotgun Willie" (1973), "Red Headed Stranger" (1975). and "Stardust" (1978) received critical acclaim and commercial success. These albums not only solidified his position in the country music genre. but also introduced his music to a broader audience. The success of these albums played a crucial role in boosting Willie Nelson net worth.
Iconic Songs
Willie Nelson net worth is also attributed to his extensive catalog of hit songs. Tracks like "Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain," "On the Road Again," and "Always on My Mind" have become timeless classics. These songs have not only earned Nelson large royalties but have also ensured his continued relevance in the music industry.
Acting and Film Career
Hollywood Ventures
In addition to his music career, Willie Nelson has also made a mark in Hollywood. His distinctive personality and on-screen presence have landed him roles in several films and television shows. Notable appearances include roles in "The Electric Horseman" (1979), "Honeysuckle Rose" (1980), and "Barbarosa" (1982). These acting gigs have added a significant amount to Willie Nelson net worth.
Television Appearances
Nelson's char
Characterization and the Kinetics of drying at the drying oven and with micro...Open Access Research Paper
The objective of this work is to contribute to valorization de Nephelium lappaceum by the characterization of kinetics of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum. The seeds were dehydrated until a constant mass respectively in a drying oven and a microwawe oven. The temperatures and the powers of drying are respectively: 50, 60 and 70°C and 140, 280 and 420 W. The results show that the curves of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum do not present a phase of constant kinetics. The coefficients of diffusion vary between 2.09.10-8 to 2.98. 10-8m-2/s in the interval of 50°C at 70°C and between 4.83×10-07 at 9.04×10-07 m-8/s for the powers going of 140 W with 420 W the relation between Arrhenius and a value of energy of activation of 16.49 kJ. mol-1 expressed the effect of the temperature on effective diffusivity.
Natural farming @ Dr. Siddhartha S. Jena.pptxsidjena70
A brief about organic farming/ Natural farming/ Zero budget natural farming/ Subash Palekar Natural farming which keeps us and environment safe and healthy. Next gen Agricultural practices of chemical free farming.
How about Huawei mobile phone-www.cfye-commerce.shop
La Biodiversidad
1. Preparado por: IRC/ Embajada de Estados Unidos en El Salvador, Abril 2012.
Si desea recibir este tipo de materiales directamente, envíenos su NOMBRE y CORREO ELECTRONICO a: IRCsansalvador@state.gov
¿QUE ES LA BIODIVERSIDAD?
La biodiversidad o diversidad biológica es la variedad de la vida. Este reciente concepto incluye varios
niveles de la organización biológica. Abarca a la diversidad de especies de plantas y animales que viven en
un sitio, a su variabilidad genética, a los ecosistemas de los cuales forman parte estas especies y a los
paisajes o regiones en donde se ubican los ecosistemas. También incluye los procesos ecológicos y
evolutivos que se dan a nivel de genes, especies, ecosistemas y paisajes.
El concepto fue acuñado en 1985, en el Foro Nacional sobre la Diversidad Biológica de Estados Unidos.
Edward O. Wilson (1929 - ), entomólogo de la Universidad de Harvard y prolífico escritor sobre el tema de
conservación, quien tituló la publicación de los resultados del foro en 1988 como ―Biodiversidad‖.
Biodiversity Loss Seen as Harmful as
Pollution
Washington — When species in an ecosystem die off,
the productivity of the system declines, and the
damage done ranks with the harm caused by climate
change, pollution or other major forms of
environmental stress, according to new research.
Rain forests are among the most biodiverse ecosystems on
Earth. The lush vegetation of this forest is found on Fatu Hiva
Island, Marquesas Islands, French Polynesia.
This work, made public May 2, is the first
comprehensive examination of biodiversity loss as it
compares to other forms of environmental decline.
―Some people have assumed that biodiversity effects
are relatively minor compared to other environmental
stressors,‖ said biologist David Hooper of Western
Washington University, the lead author of the paper.
―Our results show that future loss of species has the
potential to reduce plant production just as much as
global warming and pollution. Previous work has
shown that the more biological diversity present in a
given system, the greater is the system’s productivity.
Funded by the Division of Environmental Biology of the
National Science Foundation (NSF), this work sought to
discover if the corollary would be true — the less the
diversity, the less productivity.
―Loss of biological diversity due to species extinctions
is going to have major effects on our planet, and we
need to prepare ourselves to deal with them,‖ said
ecologist Bradley Cardinale of the University of
Michigan, another co-author. ―These extinctions may
well rank as one of the top five drivers of global
change.‖
Hooper, Cardinale and researchers from other
institutions in the United States, Canada and Sweden
combined ecosystem data from a large number of
previously published studies and focused on two
system processes — plant growth and the
decomposition of dead plants by bacteria and fungi.
They built a database from existing research, drawing
on almost 200 experiments that examined these
processes.
―Within the range of expected species losses, we saw
average declines in plant growth that were as large as
changes in experiments simulating several other major
environmental changes caused by humans,‖ Hooper
said. ―Several of us working on this study were
surprised by the comparative strength of those
effects.‖
For example, plant growth could decline by 5 percent
to 10 percent in ecosystems where species loss fell
2. within 21 percent to 40 percent of the species. Where
species loss rises over 41 percent, the ecosystem
effect became comparable to the effects of climate
warming or increased ultraviolet radiation. The study
authors say the findings are strong enough that
policymakers should begin to take heed of how
adverse effects on biodiversity could have broader
consequences, but more research must be done to
understand how the combined effects of the
environmental problems might alter ecosystems.
The NSF supported the work through the National
Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, a
research center at the University of California, Santa
Barbara, where researchers use existing data to better
understand fundamental issues in ecology and allied
fields. ****
Biodiversity Is Crucial to
Sustainability, Scientists Report/ By
Charlene Porter
Washington — More than 1,000 environmental studies
conducted over the last 20 years led an international
group of scientists to conclude that a decline in
biological diversity reduces the productivity and
sustainability of ecosystems.
The Hukaung Valley Wildlife Sanctuary in Burma is rich in
biodiversity with life of the Himalayas, Malay Peninsula, the
Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia.
The group, including American, Canadian, French and
British researchers, published its findings in the June 7
edition of Nature, the international science publication.
The scientists also report their consensus that
declining biodiversity decreases ecosystems' ability to
provide humankind with the raw materials and services
that support us: food, wood and fertile soil, for
example.
―Water purity, food production and air quality are easy
to take for granted, but all are largely provided by
communities of organisms,‖ said George Gilchrist of
the National Science Foundation’s Division of
Environmental Biology, the financial backer of the
research.
The scientific group concludes that the variety of
species and the diversity of genetic traits and
characteristics that they bring to an ecosystem are
critical to its balance.
The research also shows that human actions leading to
species extinctions cause ecosystem breakdown in
many places at a faster rate than is recorded in the
fossil record.
―This is a consensus statement that loss of Earth’s wild
species will be harmful to the world’s ecosystems and
may harm society by reducing ecosystem services that
are essential to human health and prosperity,‖ said the
University of Michigan’s Bradley Cardinale, who is the
lead author of the Nature article, ―Biodiversity Loss
and its Impact on Humanity.‖ Cardinale specializes in
ecosystem study in the university's School of Natural
Resources and Environment.
Ecosystems are more abundant in producing those
goods and services when their natural genetic diversity
has been left intact. Drawing on the broad range of
research conducted on this topic since the Convention
on Biological Diversity took force in 1993, the article
finds that crop yields are greater, wood plantations
produce more and fisheries’ yields are sustained when
a diverse range of organisms coexist in an ecosystem.
Among plants, diversity supports greater resistance to
invasion by non-native species, inhibits plant
pathogens and increases the capability of biomass to
absorb carbon dioxide, the article says.
―Biodiversity underpins our ability to achieve
sustainable development,‖ said paper co-author Shahid
Naeem of Columbia University.
The article is published as the United Nations prepares
to convene a conference on sustainable development
in Rio de Janeiro June 20–22. The meeting is known as
Rio+20, commemorating the first Earth Summit held in
that city in 1992. That meeting set the stage for the
accession to the Convention on Biodiversity by 193
nations.
The authors of this scientific report urge nations of the
world to make biodiversity preservation an
international priority to prevent further extinctions,
preserve what still exists, and perhaps restore some of
the life forms that have been severely diminished.