This is a cool concept from Sweden - a tow bike. Operated by a single person, this nifty thing can hook your car in a matter of minutes and get it to the workshop.
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This document contains captions written by Victoria Clark describing photographs in her photo album from 1916-1941. The photos document important events and family members in Victoria's life such as her parents' wedding, her siblings, homes, jobs, time spent with family and friends during World War 2 when she and her siblings were evacuated to Harberford, Devon for safety. Additional context has been added below some photos.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms for those who already suffer from conditions like anxiety and depression.
This document outlines a marketing plan for M&M cookies in Russia. It discusses the target demographics, which includes people of all ages but especially children. The plan details a price strategy of average market prices and logistics of delivery by road and rail. It provides a full media plan and budget for PR, advertising, promotions, and equipment for retail outlets from January to December. Laws and standards that apply to the product and market are also mentioned at the end.
This is a cool concept from Sweden - a tow bike. Operated by a single person, this nifty thing can hook your car in a matter of minutes and get it to the workshop.
Victoria's Photo Album The Clark EditionTonyCollins
This document contains captions written by Victoria Clark describing photographs in her photo album from 1916-1941. The photos document important events and family members in Victoria's life such as her parents' wedding, her siblings, homes, jobs, time spent with family and friends during World War 2 when she and her siblings were evacuated to Harberford, Devon for safety. Additional context has been added below some photos.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms for those who already suffer from conditions like anxiety and depression.
This document outlines a marketing plan for M&M cookies in Russia. It discusses the target demographics, which includes people of all ages but especially children. The plan details a price strategy of average market prices and logistics of delivery by road and rail. It provides a full media plan and budget for PR, advertising, promotions, and equipment for retail outlets from January to December. Laws and standards that apply to the product and market are also mentioned at the end.
The document discusses open access publishing. It defines open access as digital content that is free of charge and free of most copyright and licensing restrictions. The benefits of open access include increased readership and citations as it removes cost barriers. However, open access also faces disadvantages like article processing charges deterring early career researchers. The document outlines ways to make work open access through self-archiving in repositories (green open access) or publishing in open access journals (gold open access). It also provides tips on finding and promoting open access materials and issues around open data.
Программа реализуется муниципальным учреждением культуры «Центр ремесел и туризма» г.Белозерск совместно с казенным учреждением Вологодской области «Центр занятости населения Белозерского района»
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2) The strategic partnerships principle - entrepreneurs build partnerships from the start rather than doing competitive analyses.
3) Leveraging contingencies - entrepreneurs leverage unexpected events and surprises that come their way rather than relying solely on pre-existing knowledge. Effectual reasoning focuses on imagination and action over elaborate planning.
The document provides information on prepositional phrases with "at", "in", and "on", subjects and objects in sentences, popular activities in the US, how to use "have to" and "want to" in affirmative, negative, and interrogative sentences, and examples of invitations using "want to" and "would like to".
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The document summarizes key aspects of the early church in Jerusalem. It discusses the organization of the church with preachers, ministers, deacons and elders serving different roles. It also discusses the worship practices of the church, including continuing in fellowship, breaking bread, prayers and the apostles' doctrine. The church grew as members maintained positive attitudes and worshipped together regularly.
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A makes more sense than B. Using a shirt to dry one's feet after getting them wet is a common and sensible thing to do, while using glasses to dry one's feet does not really make logical sense and would not be an effective way to dry one's feet.
The Colombian Education Fund’s mission is to promote and support the higher education needs of young people and their families by providing scholarships and assistance.
Виступ Наталії Камінарської, директора Форуму донорів Росії на IV Міжнародній конференції Українського форуму благодійників "Благодійність 2020: бачення та стратегія розвитку"
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The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
The document discusses the differences between a title sequence and a trailer. A title sequence presents the title, productions, and cast members of a film or TV show, sometimes with background sound, while a trailer uses short extracts from a film to grab attention and entice audiences to watch. Trailers are shown on TV, before films in cinemas, or on DVDs to advertise films, while title sequences help audiences understand what is happening and keep them engaged in the story.
The document discusses open access publishing. It defines open access as digital content that is free of charge and free of most copyright and licensing restrictions. The benefits of open access include increased readership and citations as it removes cost barriers. However, open access also faces disadvantages like article processing charges deterring early career researchers. The document outlines ways to make work open access through self-archiving in repositories (green open access) or publishing in open access journals (gold open access). It also provides tips on finding and promoting open access materials and issues around open data.
Программа реализуется муниципальным учреждением культуры «Центр ремесел и туризма» г.Белозерск совместно с казенным учреждением Вологодской области «Центр занятости населения Белозерского района»
This document discusses the concept of "effectual reasoning" as an alternative form of rationality used by entrepreneurs. It outlines 3 key principles of effectual reasoning:
1) The affordable loss principle - entrepreneurs focus on reaching the market with minimum resources rather than expected return.
2) The strategic partnerships principle - entrepreneurs build partnerships from the start rather than doing competitive analyses.
3) Leveraging contingencies - entrepreneurs leverage unexpected events and surprises that come their way rather than relying solely on pre-existing knowledge. Effectual reasoning focuses on imagination and action over elaborate planning.
The document provides information on prepositional phrases with "at", "in", and "on", subjects and objects in sentences, popular activities in the US, how to use "have to" and "want to" in affirmative, negative, and interrogative sentences, and examples of invitations using "want to" and "would like to".
This document discusses a service that customizes dining experiences through targeted data analytics and ads, ensuring order accuracy, personalized experiences, and discounts for customers, while providing businesses with customer satisfaction insights and market intelligence from live feedback to maximize revenue.
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Vicarious Systems at Singularity Summit 2011Scott Brown
A makes more sense than B. Using a shirt to dry one's feet after getting them wet is a common and sensible thing to do, while using glasses to dry one's feet does not really make logical sense and would not be an effective way to dry one's feet.
The Colombian Education Fund’s mission is to promote and support the higher education needs of young people and their families by providing scholarships and assistance.
Виступ Наталії Камінарської, директора Форуму донорів Росії на IV Міжнародній конференції Українського форуму благодійників "Благодійність 2020: бачення та стратегія розвитку"
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This document is a workbook for a Spanish language course. It contains exercises practicing the use of adverbs of frequency in sentences, rewriting sentences using adverbs in different positions, completing sentences with adverbs, and answering questions about how often certain activities are done. The workbook also contains exercises rearranging word order in questions.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
The document discusses the differences between a title sequence and a trailer. A title sequence presents the title, productions, and cast members of a film or TV show, sometimes with background sound, while a trailer uses short extracts from a film to grab attention and entice audiences to watch. Trailers are shown on TV, before films in cinemas, or on DVDs to advertise films, while title sequences help audiences understand what is happening and keep them engaged in the story.
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Nacionālās identitātes izpausmes populārajā kultūrā: "Prāta Vētras" konstrukc...
Depopulācija Latvijā un Eiropā - draudi un izaicinājumi
1. Cilvēkdrošība Latvijā: lokālie, nacionālie
un starptautiskie izaicinājumi
I. Cilvēkdrošības ideja: draudi, riski un
risinājumu meklējumi
Rīga, 2011.g. 25.oktobris
Depopulācija Latvijā un Eiropā –
draudi un izaicinājumi
Dr. habil.oec. Juris Krūmiņš
2. Populationist policies are
Depopulācija - iedzīvotāju designed to increase the
absolūtā skaita population, to accelerate its
rate of growth or to check
sistemātiska actual or oncipient
samazināšanās, ko rada population decline or
mirstības pārsvars pār depopulation.
dzimstību; dažkārt ar Population control policies are
depopulāciju apzīmē arī designed for the purpose of
situāciju, kad samazinās checking population growth
iedzīvotāju kopskaits (tajā or reducing the rate of
skaitā migrācijas dēļ). population increase.
Demogrāfisko terminu Multilingual Demographic
skaidrojošā vārdnīca. Rīga: Dictionary. International Union
LU, 2001. for the Scientific Study of
Population. 2nd edition.
3. Iedzīvotāju skaita pieaugumu nosaka šādu faktoru
mijiedarbība:
Pasaulē (1),(2),(3) Valstī, reģionā (1),(2),(3),(4),(5)
1. Dzimstība -virs vienkāršās paaudžu nomaiņas
līmeņa.
2. Mirstība – samazinās, mūža ilgums - aug.
3. Iedzīvotāju vecuma struktūra - sekmē
demogrāfisko izaugsmi.
4. Migrācijas pieaugums - pozitīvs.
5. Administratīvi teritoriālo izmaiņu ietekme.
4. Iedzīvotāju skaita pieaugums = (+), (0), (-)
To veido:
1) Dabiskais pieaugums/samazinājums =
(+), (0), (-)
2) Migrācijas pieaugums / samazinājums =
(+), (0), (-)
5. Stacionāro iedzīvotāju modeļa izmantošana
(dzimstība = mirstība = apgriezti proporcionāla mūža ilgumam;
migrācija=0; vecuma sastāvs nemainīgs)
Vēsturiskā demogrāfija
Arhetips: 1 / 29 = 35 %o
Mūsdienu tips: 1 / 75 = 13 %o
Vecuma grupas e0 = 29 e0 = 75
0-19 40 % 26 %
20-59 51 % 51 %
60+ 9% 23 %
5
6. Population (millions)
Source: Livi Bacci M. The Population of Europe. P. 8.
Year Ireland England Sweden Nether- France Germa- Russia Italy Spain Europe
lands ny
1550 - 3.0 - 1.3 19.5 - - 11.5 5.3 97
1700 2.5 4.9 1.4 1.9 22.6 16 16 13.6 7.4 125
1800 5.3 8.6 2.4 2.1 29.3 24.5 39 18.3 10.6 195
1900 4.5 30.4 5.1 5.1 40.6 56.4 110 33.8 18.6 422
8. Latvijas autoru publikācijas līdz 1940.g.
- M.Skujenieks, 1914. Dzimstību skaita samazināšanās problēma.
Domas, Nr.8.
- C.Ballod, 1922. Quel maximum de population notre terre est
elle en etat d’alimenter? – Latvijas Universitātes raksti. IV
burtnīca. Rīga.
- B.Šrems, 1922. Dzimstības samazināšanās Rīgā un viņas cēloņi.
Rīga.
- E.Bulmerinks, 1933. Latvijas iedzīvotāju kustības attīstība
nākotnē. – Ekonomists, Nr.2.
- V.Salnītis, 1936. Iedzīvotāju problēma. – Ekonomists, Nr.3.
- R.Freijvalds, 1936. Latviešu tautas mūžs. Rīga.
- O.Piņķis, 1940. Daudzbērnu ģimeņu nozīme tautas un valsts
dzīvē. Rīga.
10. -Wicksell K., 1914. Can a country become
underpopulated? Ekonomisk Tidskrift 16 (translated
and reprinted in Population and development
Review 2008, 34:347-355)
- Keynes J.M., 1937. Some economic consequences
of a declining population. Eugenics Review 29 (1):
13-17.
11. Baltijas valstu un Ziemeļvalstu iedzīvotāju skaita
izmaiņas XX gadsimtā (miljoni)
1900.g. 1910.g. 1950.g. 2000.g.
Igaunija 0,96 (1897) 1,09 (1911) 1.10 1.37
Latvija 1.93 (1897) 2.55 (1914) 1.95 2.37
Lietuva … 2.83 (1913) 2.57 3.50
Dānija 2.42 2.78(1911) 4.27 5.32
Norvēģija 2.12 2.36 3.26 4.47
Zviedrija 5.14 … 7.01 8.86
Somija 2.66 3.12 4.01 5.18
12. Paaudžu nomaiņas līmenis (meitu skaits vienai mātei,
ņemot vērā mirstību)
Pirms 1.pasaules kara Pirms 2.pasaules kara
Igaunija 0.89 0.79
Zviedrija 1.29 0.80
Norvēģija 1.45 0.83
Francija 0.93 0.91
Dānija 1.37 0.94
Latvija 0.90 0.95
Somija 1.43 0.96
Polija 1.54 1.07
Lietuva … 1.10
13. Mūsdienu Latvijas autoru publikācijas
- Eglīte P. (atb.red.), 2004. Draudi Latvijas iedzīvotāju ataudzei un
nepieciešamā rīcība to mazināšanai. LZA Ekon.institūts. Apcerējumi
par Latvijas iedzīvotājiem. Nr. 11.
- Eglīte P., 2006. Iedzīvotāju politikas uzdevumi un rīcības veidi
izceļošanas seku novēršanai. Stratēģiskās analīzes komisija. Zinātniski
pētnieciskie raksti. 9: 75-88.
-Krūmiņš J., 2004. Nacionālās intereses, iedzīvotāji, ekonomika un
attīstība. Stratēģiskās analīzes komisija. Zinātniski pētnieciskie raksti.
1: 62-73.
- Ušackis U., 2005. Valsts iekšējās migrācijas ietekme uz iedzīvotāju
skaita samazināšanos un to novecošanos Latvijas lielākajās pilsētās un
rajonos. Stratēģiskās analīzes komisija. Zinātniski pētnieciskie raksti.
4: 149-162.
- Zvidriņš P., 2004. Depopulācija. Stratēģiskās analīzes komisija.
Zinātniski pētnieciskie raksti. 1: 74-104.
14. -Coleman D. and Rowthorn R., 2011. Who’s afraid of polulation
decline? A critical examination of its consequences. Population and
Development Review 37:217-248.
- Geys B, Heinemann F. and Kalb A., 2008. Local governments in the
wake of demographic change: Evidence from german municipalities.
FinanzArchiv: Public Finance Analysis 64 (4).
- Hendrik P. van Dalen and K.Henkens, 2011. Who fears and who
welcomes population decline? Demographic Research 25: 437-464.
- Reher D.S., 2007. Towards long-term population decline: A
discussion of relevant issues. European Journal of Population 23(2):
189-207.
- Teitelbaum M.S.and Winter J.M., 1985. The fear of population
decline. NY: Academic Press.
- Teitelbaum M.S.and Winter J.M., 1998. A question of numbers –
High migration, low fertility and the politics of national identity.
NY:Hill&Wang.
15.
16. Vidējais vēlamais bērnu skaits vienai
sievietei
Avots: Fertility and family survey. Country report. Latvia. UN, 1998.
P.96
Dzimušo paaudzes
1950-1959 2.0 - 2.1
1960-1969 2.2 – 2.3
1970-1977 2.1 – 2.2
17. Valstis (ar iedzīvotāju skaitu virs viena miljona) ar visaugstāko starpvalstu
migrantu īpatsvaru, 2000 (%)
Avots: Population and Development Review. Vol.29, No.2, 2003
1. Apvienotie Arābu Emirāti 11. Austrālija 24.6
73.8 12. Jaunzēlande 22.5
2. Kuveita 57.9 13. Gabona 20.3
3. Jordānija 39.6 14. Kanāda 18.9
4. Izraēla 37.4 15. Kazahstāna 18.7
5. Singapūra 33.6 16. Libāna 18.1
6. Omāna 26.9 17. Ziloņkaula krasts 14.6
7. Igaunija 26.2 18. Gambija 14.2
8. SaudArābija 25.8 19. Ukraina 14.0
9. Latvija 25.3 20. Baltkrievija 12.6
10. Šveice 25.1
18. UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan on an
Immigration Strategy for Europe - Jan. 2004
Population and Development Review, 2004, No.1. P.189
Managing migration is not Migrācijas vadīšana nav
only a matter of opening tikai durvju atvēršana un
doors and joining hands roku savienošana
internationally. It also starptautiskā mērogā. Tā
arī prasa no katras valsts
requires each country to veikt vairāk
do more to integrate jaunpienācēju
new arrivals. Immigrants integrācijā. Imigrantiem
must adjust to their new jāpiemērojas viņu
societies – and societies jaunajām sabiedrībām –
need to adjust too. un sabiedrībām arī ir
jāpiemērojas.
19. Pasaules iedzīvotāju skaita dinamika
1801 – 1 miljards Lielākās pasaules
1959 – 3 miljardi valstis pēc iedzīvotāju
1986 – 5 miljardi skaita 2050.g.
1998 – 6 miljardi
(prognoze):
2011 – 7 miljardi
2025 – 8 miljardi
2042 – 9 miljardi Indija 1564 miljoni,
2060 – 10 miljardi Ķīna 1397 miljoni,
ASV 394 miljoni,
ANO prognoze 2050.g. tagad
ir par ~ 500 miljoniem Nigērija 386 miljoni,
mazāka nekā šī pati
prognoze 1994.gadā
Indonēzija 330 miljoni.
20.
21. Eurostat projections
From 2015, deaths projected to outnumber births in the EU27
There are projected to be considerable differences between the
individual Member States.
Between 2008 and 2060, the population is projected to rise in
thirteen Member States and fall in fourteen.
The strongest population growth is projected to be found in
Cyprus (+66%), Ireland (+53%), Luxembourg (+52%), the United
Kingdom (+25%) and Sweden (+18%),
and the sharpest declines in Bulgaria (-28%), Latvia (-26%),
Lithuania (-24%), Romania (-21%) and Poland (-18%).
22. Government perceptions and policies. Source: World population policies 2009.
UN, 2010. http://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/wpp2009/
ESTONIA LATVIA LITHUANIA
1996 2009 1996 2009 1996 2009
Pop.growth Satisfactory Satisfactory Too low Too low Satisfactory Too low
Policy No Raise No Raise Raise Raise
intervention intervention
Fertility Too low Too low Too low Too low Satisfactory Too low
Policy Raise Raise Raise Raise Raise Raise
Life expect. Acceptable Unacceptable Unacceptable Unacceptable Acceptable Acceptable
Immigration Too high Satisfactory Too high Satisfactory Satisfactory Satisfactory
Policy Lower Maintain Lower Maintain Lower Maintain
Emigration Satisfactory Satisfactory Too low Satisfactory Satisfactory Satisfactory
Policy Maintain No Raise No Maintain No
intervantion intervention intervention
Encouraging No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
the return of
citizens
22
23. Depopulācijas sekas: NEGATĪVĀS
1. Pretruna starp augošajām pensiju un sociālās drošības
izmaksām un sašaurinātām to finansēšanas iespējām
(“pay-as-you-go” metode labi darbojas augošam
iedz.skaitam).
2. Pieaugošs publisko izmaksu spiediens pie aizvien
sašaurinātas nodokļu bāzes (skolas, sakaru pakalpojumi,
infrastruktūra).
3. Pieprasījuma mājokļu tirgū sašaurināšanās un mājokļu
cenu samazināšanās.
4. Signāls uzņēmējiem un investoriem par slīdēšanu
ekonomiskā stagnācijā vai recesijā.
5. Imigrācijas pieaugums un ar to saistītās nacionālās
identitātes problēmas
24. Depopulācijas sekas: POZITĪVĀS
1. Samazinās “pārslodzes” infrastruktūras un sakaru
lietojumā.
2. Samazinās demogrāfiskā slodze uz resursiem, to
uzturētspēju (carrying capacity)
Nepieciešamas jaunas teorētiskas nostādnes par
ekonomikas un sociālo attīstību pie nepārtraukti
samazinoša iedzīvotāju skaita vai nulles
pieauguma!
25. Daži secinājumi
1. Depopulācija nav drauds, bet likumsakarīgs
demogrāfiskās pārejas (demographic transition) rezultāts,
kas rezultēsies stacionāro iedzīvotāju vai “mērenu”
iedzīvotāju skaita izmaiņu modelī.
2. Atšķirīgs demogrāfiskās pārejas sākums, norises ātrums
un migrācijas procesi izsauc lielas atšķirības pasaules
reģionu, nacionālo valstu un to teritoriālo vienību
iedzīvotāju skaita izmaiņās/depopulācijas norisēs.
3. Depopulācija ir izaicinājums attīstīt ekonomikas,
sociālās un demogrāfiskās attīstības teorijas, globālās un
teritoriālās attīstības modeļus, pārskatīt politiskās
nostādnes saistībā ar (+), (0) vai (-) demogrāfisko izaugsmi.