Building Knowledge Economies is important for developing countries. This study provides key strategies for transiting to a knowledge economy in Nigeria.
Innovation as a National Capability: Intellectual Capital and the Accelerati...Chinenye Mba-Uzoukwu
I raise the critical role of human capital as the obvious but largely de-emphasised aspect of the rhetoric in Nigeria on accelerating economic growth in the Digital Age. There is a disconnect between the politics of our national aspirations and concerted sustained policy initiatives over the past 3 decades that questions the commitment of our leadership - political and business alike - to bringing about this change. Ther is adequate literature to show that "for an economy competing at the global frontier, an innovation-based growth strategy requires a well-developed technological infrastructure, a set of capabilities-focused technology policies, as well as an institutional environment that stimulates innovation and entrepreneurship." (Koh, Winston T.H. and Wong, Poh Kam) We must across Africa, and in particular its pivots of Nigeria, Egypt and South Africa (Morroco, Kenya and Cote d'voire also) anchor innovation-led growth on human capital primarily.
Transforming the Philippine Talent Value Proposition into a Competitive Advan...Alejandro Melchor III
The Philippines has one of the most attractive talent profiles in the world. One of Smarter Philippines' priorities is to translate that talent value proposition into an enduring competitive advantage.
One of the factors behind the Philippines' consistency as a high-growth country is the innovativeness of the Filipino people, which is backstopped by Filipinnovation, the National Innovation System.
Knowledge Innovation Policy (Federal KM - DC)Debra M. Amidon
This closing panel with Dr. Ramon Barquin provides the rationale and vision for a US Knowledge Innovation Policy within a global context. Session includes and inventory of innovation initiatives within the US and abroad. Knowledge Innovation is the strategy beyond KM or strategic planning; and ‘collaborative advantage’ is the name of the new game.
The survey conducted by UNCTAD and WITSA explored the role of national IT/software associations in supporting local software industry development. It found that the top three barriers to growth were limited access to venture capital, lack of qualified human resources, and lack of government procurement. The greatest growth potential was seen in export markets, vertical industries like banking and healthcare, and the government/defense sector. The survey also identified important policy changes needed across areas like ICT infrastructure, education and skills, public procurement, the business climate, export promotion, access to capital, and promoting innovation.
The document discusses knowledge innovation zones (KIZ) and provides examples of KIZ initiatives around the world. It summarizes findings related to KIZs and the knowledge-based economy, society, and infrastructure. It also outlines a seven-step blueprint for developing KIZ performance, including establishing purpose, principles, innovation processes, performance metrics, policies, practices, and mechanisms for shared prosperity.
Innovation as a National Capability: Intellectual Capital and the Accelerati...Chinenye Mba-Uzoukwu
I raise the critical role of human capital as the obvious but largely de-emphasised aspect of the rhetoric in Nigeria on accelerating economic growth in the Digital Age. There is a disconnect between the politics of our national aspirations and concerted sustained policy initiatives over the past 3 decades that questions the commitment of our leadership - political and business alike - to bringing about this change. Ther is adequate literature to show that "for an economy competing at the global frontier, an innovation-based growth strategy requires a well-developed technological infrastructure, a set of capabilities-focused technology policies, as well as an institutional environment that stimulates innovation and entrepreneurship." (Koh, Winston T.H. and Wong, Poh Kam) We must across Africa, and in particular its pivots of Nigeria, Egypt and South Africa (Morroco, Kenya and Cote d'voire also) anchor innovation-led growth on human capital primarily.
Transforming the Philippine Talent Value Proposition into a Competitive Advan...Alejandro Melchor III
The Philippines has one of the most attractive talent profiles in the world. One of Smarter Philippines' priorities is to translate that talent value proposition into an enduring competitive advantage.
One of the factors behind the Philippines' consistency as a high-growth country is the innovativeness of the Filipino people, which is backstopped by Filipinnovation, the National Innovation System.
Knowledge Innovation Policy (Federal KM - DC)Debra M. Amidon
This closing panel with Dr. Ramon Barquin provides the rationale and vision for a US Knowledge Innovation Policy within a global context. Session includes and inventory of innovation initiatives within the US and abroad. Knowledge Innovation is the strategy beyond KM or strategic planning; and ‘collaborative advantage’ is the name of the new game.
The survey conducted by UNCTAD and WITSA explored the role of national IT/software associations in supporting local software industry development. It found that the top three barriers to growth were limited access to venture capital, lack of qualified human resources, and lack of government procurement. The greatest growth potential was seen in export markets, vertical industries like banking and healthcare, and the government/defense sector. The survey also identified important policy changes needed across areas like ICT infrastructure, education and skills, public procurement, the business climate, export promotion, access to capital, and promoting innovation.
The document discusses knowledge innovation zones (KIZ) and provides examples of KIZ initiatives around the world. It summarizes findings related to KIZs and the knowledge-based economy, society, and infrastructure. It also outlines a seven-step blueprint for developing KIZ performance, including establishing purpose, principles, innovation processes, performance metrics, policies, practices, and mechanisms for shared prosperity.
Benchmark de ventajas comparativas de los principales competidores de Costa Rica en la atracción de IED.
Don Robinson, Ex VP de Operaciones, Boston Scientific.
Presented by Prof Ari Kuncoro, Dean of the Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Indonesia, during the High Level Seminar Project 2045: The Path to Peaceful and Prosperous Indonesia and Japan 2045 held in Jakarta on 9 December 2018 by the Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia (ERIA) and UNDP Indonesia, under the funding of the Government of Japan.
The document discusses economic freedom, creativity, and development in Jordan. It defines economic freedom and creative industries, and analyzes Jordan's performance in areas like competitiveness, innovation, doing business, and economic freedom rankings. Jordan shows strengths in human capital but weaknesses in R&D investment, university-industry collaboration, support for entrepreneurs, and protecting intellectual property. To encourage innovation, the document recommends creating a creativity/innovation policy, promoting R&D and industry-academic linkages, easing credit access, investing in education, and utilizing clusters and ICT.
The document discusses best practices for using science, technology, and innovation (STI) to support economic development and transition from a low-income to middle-income country. It recommends focusing STI investments on strategic industries, improving agricultural productivity, and developing human capital through education and health interventions. Countries should also promote technology diffusion through trade and foreign direct investment, build national innovation networks, and initially focus on incremental improvements before attempting cutting-edge research.
Studies show investment in leadership
development yields results in financial
performance, talent attraction and
retention, organizational agility, and
employee productivity.
1) Science, technology, and innovation (STI) are linked to economic progress, but many African nations have failed to invest sufficiently in these areas.
2) For development, countries should aim to integrate STI in a "national innovation system" by linking science, technology, and innovation.
3) African countries need to assess their STI capabilities, promote interdisciplinary research, and strengthen university-industry partnerships to effectively apply STI for development.
The Philippines ICT sector is growing, with key areas including IT-BPO, telecommunications/networking, digital technologies, and mobile. The IT-BPO industry saw 37% revenue growth in 2011 and employs over 638,000 people. Telecom companies have rolled out newer technologies like 4G and fiber optics. The Philippines also leads in social media usage and video consumption. Emerging areas include cloud computing, software as a service, e-commerce, and tech entrepreneurship. Skills development and alignment with industry needs is important for continued growth in the ICT sector.
The document discusses the knowledge economy in Cornwall and the Isles of Scilly. It defines the knowledge economy and analyzes Cornwall's position within it. Cornwall lags behind the UK average in private sector knowledge industries and high-skill jobs, but has opportunities in areas like low-carbon technologies, creative industries, and capitalizing on anchor institutions like universities. The region faces challenges developing its knowledge economy due to its rural nature but can build on existing strengths and initiatives.
Promoting Investment in Science and Technology in IDB Member CountriesJamil AlKhatib
This document discusses ways to promote investment in science, technology, and innovation in IDB member countries. It argues that investment in knowledge and innovation is key to economic growth. It recommends increasing support for education and R&D, promoting partnerships between universities and industry, and strengthening national innovation systems through policies that encourage investment in areas like technology development and diffusion. Overall the document analyzes innovation indicators in IDB countries and provides suggestions for how organizations like IDB could better promote science and technology to spur economic development.
The document provides an analysis of the current state of Philippine ICT based on a presentation given on September 4, 2013. It discusses the country's declining ranking in the Network Readiness Index and provides an overview of ICT history and policies under different administrations. Key points include recommendations to improve ICT through strong leadership, public-private partnerships, improved infrastructure and skills development. Comparisons are made between the Philippines and ICT progress in Malaysia and Singapore.
1. While the number of articles using "innovation systems" in the title has declined since peaking in the 2000s, the innovation systems approach remains a promising area of research if it incorporates a more context-rich and history-rich perspective.
2. There are several gaps in the innovation systems literature regarding developing countries, including a lack of focus on non-technological innovation, distinctions between competencies and capabilities, recognition of informal linkages, the role of the large informal sector, overly aggregated views that ignore heterogeneity, and the role of private institutions in overcoming constraints.
3. Filling these research gaps would provide a more comprehensive understanding of innovation in developing country contexts.
The 21st Century Knowledge Economy powerpoint to pdfCecile Peterkin
In the Knowledge Economy, more specialized skills are needed to compete in the job market. Learning is continuous. Education is no longer sufficient for the new demands of the 21st century. The 21st Century demands choosing the right occupation, and having the right skills – even the right location
TechSydney: NSW Tech & Innovation Precinct Industry ReportBede Moore
NSW is on the cusp of building a technology innovation precinct across Central to Eveleigh which has the potential to transform the national tech landscape. If we keep our sights aimed high, the precinct will be the centrepiece of a strategy that ensures Australia exports high-value goods to the world and elevates Sydney to a Top 10 global technology city.
Throughout August-October 2018, TechSydney surveyed 150 tech companies in the city, representing 5,700 local jobs. We asked these companies what they wanted to see in a tech precinct. These are the results.
The document describes a science scorecard developed by Stifterverband to evaluate and compare the university cities of Ames, Cedar Falls, Des Moines, and Iowa City in Iowa. The scorecard measures quantitative indicators in areas like science, community, and economy to generate a city profile. It also assesses qualitative factors regarding each city's strategy, knowledge transfer networks, collaboration, and branding to provide a city in action analysis. The scorecard found strengths and weaknesses in the science presence, skilled workforce, innovation culture, and strategic planning of each city. It concluded by discussing opportunities to expand the scorecard's use and develop an interactive dashboard tool for cities to assess goals and identify best practices.
Many countries globalized their economy. Due to this act, many foreign direct investments have come to establish industries. These companies demand multi-skilled employees. This presentation provides strategies in developing the needed human resources.
Dr.Andrea Goldstein - Developing Industrial Cluster and The Role of InvestmentIra Tobing
This document summarizes an OECD workshop on developing industrial clusters through investment. It discusses the OECD Policy Framework for Investment and how it can be used to benchmark investment policies. The PFI covers 10 policy areas affecting investment and provides principles for an environment that supports all investors. The document also summarizes an OECD Investment Policy Review of Myanmar that identified recommendations to streamline approval processes, reduce restrictions, and promote responsible business conduct.
This document summarizes a presentation on industrialization in Africa given by Finn Tarp. It discusses:
1) Changing attitudes towards Africa's development potential, though progress has been uneven and gains remain fragile. Key questions around sustaining growth, transforming economies, and reducing reliance on commodities were raised.
2) Recent macroeconomic trends in Africa, including GDP growth outpacing expectations, though variability exists across countries. Structural change has generally reduced productivity.
3) The Learning to Compete initiative exploring drivers of productivity and industrialization across African and Asian countries, identifying policy options to further industrialization.
4) The African Development Bank's new industrial strategy and focus on regional integration and financing to support industrial
This document discusses industrial clusters and special economic zones (SEZs) in Africa. It finds that while SEZs can boost productivity through agglomeration economies, Africa's SEZs have struggled due to poor infrastructure, weak institutions, lack of coordination and linkages to the domestic economy. For SEZs to succeed in Africa, the document argues they need improved infrastructure, strong leadership and coordination between government agencies to better integrate zones.
This document discusses digital business models in sub-Saharan Africa, focusing on Southern, Eastern, and Western Africa. It finds that mobile technology is driving digital transformation across the continent. Digital businesses are emerging that are native to Africa and solve local problems. While opportunities are large, infrastructure challenges like bandwidth and skills shortages remain. The future of African digital markets depends on understanding local contexts and adjusting offerings accordingly.
New Technology Based Firms and Venture Capital policy in NigeriaAdebola Daramola
An exploratory research employing systematic evolutionary approach (Avnimelech and Teubal 2002) to study Venture Capital and New Technology Based Firms in Nigeria. It offers a history of economic agents, actors activities and linkages in the creation of technology based firms in Nigeria, with due consideration to their economic outcomes and social impacts (Gault 2010).
Though Nigeria has no defined VC policy, the paper assumes so with Supply side policies such as the Venture Capital (Incentives) Decree No .89 1993 and 2001 Small and Medium-Scale Industries Equity Investment Scheme (SMEIS).
Macroeconomic factors (such as supply side and demand side policies) would support the emergence of NTBFs as seen from the study. In Nigeria, tremendous efforts have been made to resolve small business finance, with no particular attention directed at technology-based firms.
There is an increasing need for demand side policy changes (i.e. initiatives to improve both financial and managerial capabilities of technology entrepreneurs in Nigeria). Infrastructure supports for Nigerian NTBFs are misplaced with continuous reliance on technology transfer above creative creation within the economy.
With this study, knowledge has been extended about the policy environment that foster Venture Capital and NTBFs in Nigeria.
Anyingba - ICT and knowledge-based economy.pdfRasheed Adegoke
The document discusses building a knowledge-based economy. It defines a knowledge-based society and economy, highlighting key elements like ICT infrastructure, education, innovation, and knowledge management. It analyzes how technology is changing jobs and skills. Building blocks for participation in the knowledge economy include ICT infrastructure, partnerships, knowledge/learning, enabling policies, globalization, and entrepreneurship. Digital technologies are transforming products/services and driving changes like cloud, IoT, and AI. Commitment is needed from government, academia, and the private sector to realize Africa's potential through actions like improving infrastructure, research, and enabling policies.
In January 2017, the Business and Sustainable Development Commission highlighted the huge economic opportunity inherent in meeting the UN 2030 Sustainable Development Goals (the Global Goals).
Benchmark de ventajas comparativas de los principales competidores de Costa Rica en la atracción de IED.
Don Robinson, Ex VP de Operaciones, Boston Scientific.
Presented by Prof Ari Kuncoro, Dean of the Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Indonesia, during the High Level Seminar Project 2045: The Path to Peaceful and Prosperous Indonesia and Japan 2045 held in Jakarta on 9 December 2018 by the Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia (ERIA) and UNDP Indonesia, under the funding of the Government of Japan.
The document discusses economic freedom, creativity, and development in Jordan. It defines economic freedom and creative industries, and analyzes Jordan's performance in areas like competitiveness, innovation, doing business, and economic freedom rankings. Jordan shows strengths in human capital but weaknesses in R&D investment, university-industry collaboration, support for entrepreneurs, and protecting intellectual property. To encourage innovation, the document recommends creating a creativity/innovation policy, promoting R&D and industry-academic linkages, easing credit access, investing in education, and utilizing clusters and ICT.
The document discusses best practices for using science, technology, and innovation (STI) to support economic development and transition from a low-income to middle-income country. It recommends focusing STI investments on strategic industries, improving agricultural productivity, and developing human capital through education and health interventions. Countries should also promote technology diffusion through trade and foreign direct investment, build national innovation networks, and initially focus on incremental improvements before attempting cutting-edge research.
Studies show investment in leadership
development yields results in financial
performance, talent attraction and
retention, organizational agility, and
employee productivity.
1) Science, technology, and innovation (STI) are linked to economic progress, but many African nations have failed to invest sufficiently in these areas.
2) For development, countries should aim to integrate STI in a "national innovation system" by linking science, technology, and innovation.
3) African countries need to assess their STI capabilities, promote interdisciplinary research, and strengthen university-industry partnerships to effectively apply STI for development.
The Philippines ICT sector is growing, with key areas including IT-BPO, telecommunications/networking, digital technologies, and mobile. The IT-BPO industry saw 37% revenue growth in 2011 and employs over 638,000 people. Telecom companies have rolled out newer technologies like 4G and fiber optics. The Philippines also leads in social media usage and video consumption. Emerging areas include cloud computing, software as a service, e-commerce, and tech entrepreneurship. Skills development and alignment with industry needs is important for continued growth in the ICT sector.
The document discusses the knowledge economy in Cornwall and the Isles of Scilly. It defines the knowledge economy and analyzes Cornwall's position within it. Cornwall lags behind the UK average in private sector knowledge industries and high-skill jobs, but has opportunities in areas like low-carbon technologies, creative industries, and capitalizing on anchor institutions like universities. The region faces challenges developing its knowledge economy due to its rural nature but can build on existing strengths and initiatives.
Promoting Investment in Science and Technology in IDB Member CountriesJamil AlKhatib
This document discusses ways to promote investment in science, technology, and innovation in IDB member countries. It argues that investment in knowledge and innovation is key to economic growth. It recommends increasing support for education and R&D, promoting partnerships between universities and industry, and strengthening national innovation systems through policies that encourage investment in areas like technology development and diffusion. Overall the document analyzes innovation indicators in IDB countries and provides suggestions for how organizations like IDB could better promote science and technology to spur economic development.
The document provides an analysis of the current state of Philippine ICT based on a presentation given on September 4, 2013. It discusses the country's declining ranking in the Network Readiness Index and provides an overview of ICT history and policies under different administrations. Key points include recommendations to improve ICT through strong leadership, public-private partnerships, improved infrastructure and skills development. Comparisons are made between the Philippines and ICT progress in Malaysia and Singapore.
1. While the number of articles using "innovation systems" in the title has declined since peaking in the 2000s, the innovation systems approach remains a promising area of research if it incorporates a more context-rich and history-rich perspective.
2. There are several gaps in the innovation systems literature regarding developing countries, including a lack of focus on non-technological innovation, distinctions between competencies and capabilities, recognition of informal linkages, the role of the large informal sector, overly aggregated views that ignore heterogeneity, and the role of private institutions in overcoming constraints.
3. Filling these research gaps would provide a more comprehensive understanding of innovation in developing country contexts.
The 21st Century Knowledge Economy powerpoint to pdfCecile Peterkin
In the Knowledge Economy, more specialized skills are needed to compete in the job market. Learning is continuous. Education is no longer sufficient for the new demands of the 21st century. The 21st Century demands choosing the right occupation, and having the right skills – even the right location
TechSydney: NSW Tech & Innovation Precinct Industry ReportBede Moore
NSW is on the cusp of building a technology innovation precinct across Central to Eveleigh which has the potential to transform the national tech landscape. If we keep our sights aimed high, the precinct will be the centrepiece of a strategy that ensures Australia exports high-value goods to the world and elevates Sydney to a Top 10 global technology city.
Throughout August-October 2018, TechSydney surveyed 150 tech companies in the city, representing 5,700 local jobs. We asked these companies what they wanted to see in a tech precinct. These are the results.
The document describes a science scorecard developed by Stifterverband to evaluate and compare the university cities of Ames, Cedar Falls, Des Moines, and Iowa City in Iowa. The scorecard measures quantitative indicators in areas like science, community, and economy to generate a city profile. It also assesses qualitative factors regarding each city's strategy, knowledge transfer networks, collaboration, and branding to provide a city in action analysis. The scorecard found strengths and weaknesses in the science presence, skilled workforce, innovation culture, and strategic planning of each city. It concluded by discussing opportunities to expand the scorecard's use and develop an interactive dashboard tool for cities to assess goals and identify best practices.
Many countries globalized their economy. Due to this act, many foreign direct investments have come to establish industries. These companies demand multi-skilled employees. This presentation provides strategies in developing the needed human resources.
Dr.Andrea Goldstein - Developing Industrial Cluster and The Role of InvestmentIra Tobing
This document summarizes an OECD workshop on developing industrial clusters through investment. It discusses the OECD Policy Framework for Investment and how it can be used to benchmark investment policies. The PFI covers 10 policy areas affecting investment and provides principles for an environment that supports all investors. The document also summarizes an OECD Investment Policy Review of Myanmar that identified recommendations to streamline approval processes, reduce restrictions, and promote responsible business conduct.
This document summarizes a presentation on industrialization in Africa given by Finn Tarp. It discusses:
1) Changing attitudes towards Africa's development potential, though progress has been uneven and gains remain fragile. Key questions around sustaining growth, transforming economies, and reducing reliance on commodities were raised.
2) Recent macroeconomic trends in Africa, including GDP growth outpacing expectations, though variability exists across countries. Structural change has generally reduced productivity.
3) The Learning to Compete initiative exploring drivers of productivity and industrialization across African and Asian countries, identifying policy options to further industrialization.
4) The African Development Bank's new industrial strategy and focus on regional integration and financing to support industrial
This document discusses industrial clusters and special economic zones (SEZs) in Africa. It finds that while SEZs can boost productivity through agglomeration economies, Africa's SEZs have struggled due to poor infrastructure, weak institutions, lack of coordination and linkages to the domestic economy. For SEZs to succeed in Africa, the document argues they need improved infrastructure, strong leadership and coordination between government agencies to better integrate zones.
This document discusses digital business models in sub-Saharan Africa, focusing on Southern, Eastern, and Western Africa. It finds that mobile technology is driving digital transformation across the continent. Digital businesses are emerging that are native to Africa and solve local problems. While opportunities are large, infrastructure challenges like bandwidth and skills shortages remain. The future of African digital markets depends on understanding local contexts and adjusting offerings accordingly.
New Technology Based Firms and Venture Capital policy in NigeriaAdebola Daramola
An exploratory research employing systematic evolutionary approach (Avnimelech and Teubal 2002) to study Venture Capital and New Technology Based Firms in Nigeria. It offers a history of economic agents, actors activities and linkages in the creation of technology based firms in Nigeria, with due consideration to their economic outcomes and social impacts (Gault 2010).
Though Nigeria has no defined VC policy, the paper assumes so with Supply side policies such as the Venture Capital (Incentives) Decree No .89 1993 and 2001 Small and Medium-Scale Industries Equity Investment Scheme (SMEIS).
Macroeconomic factors (such as supply side and demand side policies) would support the emergence of NTBFs as seen from the study. In Nigeria, tremendous efforts have been made to resolve small business finance, with no particular attention directed at technology-based firms.
There is an increasing need for demand side policy changes (i.e. initiatives to improve both financial and managerial capabilities of technology entrepreneurs in Nigeria). Infrastructure supports for Nigerian NTBFs are misplaced with continuous reliance on technology transfer above creative creation within the economy.
With this study, knowledge has been extended about the policy environment that foster Venture Capital and NTBFs in Nigeria.
Anyingba - ICT and knowledge-based economy.pdfRasheed Adegoke
The document discusses building a knowledge-based economy. It defines a knowledge-based society and economy, highlighting key elements like ICT infrastructure, education, innovation, and knowledge management. It analyzes how technology is changing jobs and skills. Building blocks for participation in the knowledge economy include ICT infrastructure, partnerships, knowledge/learning, enabling policies, globalization, and entrepreneurship. Digital technologies are transforming products/services and driving changes like cloud, IoT, and AI. Commitment is needed from government, academia, and the private sector to realize Africa's potential through actions like improving infrastructure, research, and enabling policies.
In January 2017, the Business and Sustainable Development Commission highlighted the huge economic opportunity inherent in meeting the UN 2030 Sustainable Development Goals (the Global Goals).
Prof. Bitange Ndemo is an associate professor at the University of Nairobi's Business School and the former Permanent Secretary of Kenya’s Ministry of Information and Communication having served from 2005 to 2013
This document discusses digital literacy in the education sector. It provides background on the ECDL Foundation, which developed the ICDL certification program for digital literacy. The document emphasizes that digital literacy is key to enabling technology adoption and national development. It argues that education systems should invest in developing teachers' digital literacy through certification programs like ICDL to improve classroom practices and prepare students. Examples are given of ICDL programs implemented successfully in the education systems of countries like Italy, UAE, and Algeria.
The document discusses Malaysia's transition to a knowledge-based economy through several initiatives:
1) Malaysia established the Multimedia Super Corridor in 1996 to develop high-speed internet infrastructure and attract technology companies.
2) Smart schools were developed to improve education quality and train students for the knowledge economy through integrating technology, life skills, and entrepreneurship.
3) The government supports technopreneurs through funding, business services, and initiatives like #YouCanDuit to encourage women's participation in the digital economy.
4) Overall the government has heavily invested in ICT infrastructure nationwide and aims to make Malaysia a leader in technology and multimedia through education reforms and public-private partnerships.
New Zealand has a highly developed education system that ranks among the top in international assessments. It has consistently placed high in worldwide rankings for mathematics, science, reading and overall education quality. While Kiwi schools have integrated technology into classrooms, an international study found New Zealand had the second highest rate of school bullying. In response, the government invested $60 million into an anti-bullying initiative. Recently, high-speed broadband internet has been rolled out across Kiwi schools, supporting the strategic goal of developing students' technology skills and digital learning.
2. Promoting Entrepreneurship In Developing Countries By AlejandroUurdmandakh Gongor
This document discusses promoting entrepreneurship in developing countries. It begins with an overview of global youth unemployment trends and how new businesses are major job creators. Specifically, businesses under 5 years old create the majority of private sector jobs. The Empretec program, developed by UNCTAD, is highlighted as an effective method of entrepreneurship development through workshops that develop personal entrepreneurial competencies. Evaluations of Empretec found businesses experienced increased profits and employment after participating entrepreneurs completed the program. The document advocates for national entrepreneurship policies and strategies based on UNCTAD's policy framework to support startups and job growth.
This document discusses NIIT's operations in South Africa, specifically in the KwaZulu-Natal province. It details NIIT's partnership with the KwaZulu-Natal government to train 10,000 students over 5 years in ICT and business process outsourcing skills. It outlines the responsibilities of each party and achievements so far, including establishing 8 training labs and currently training 3,000 students. The partnership aims to stimulate international competitiveness and economic growth in South Africa through improving skills and developing a talent pool in the knowledge economy.
This document discusses NIIT's operations in South Africa, specifically in the KwaZulu-Natal province. It outlines NIIT's vision to stimulate international competitiveness through skills improvement. The objective is to develop global talent in KwaZulu-Natal. NIIT has established 8 training centers across the province with the goal of training 10,000 students over 5 years in ICT and business process outsourcing skills. The project launched within 98 days of signing an agreement with the government and has already trained 3,000 students, with 3 batches participating in internships in India.
The Cabinet Secretary for Education in Kenya gave the keynote address at the 2014 International E-Learning Innovations Conference. He discussed Kenya's efforts to integrate technology and e-learning into education to improve access, equity, and quality. Some initiatives included providing laptops to primary students, connecting schools to electricity, developing digital curricula, and training teachers in technology integration. However, challenges remain around connectivity, device costs, software expenses, and teacher professional development. The Secretary called for partnerships to help Kenya further adopt e-learning and keep pace with global advances in educational technology.
David Rampersad Presentation - Caribbean growth forum, kingston, june 18-19,2012cgrowth
Dr. David Rampersad gave a presentation on tapping into the human capital and ideas of Caribbean tertiary education institutions. He argued that higher education plays a key role in stimulating innovation by linking research, knowledge transfer, and application. However, the Caribbean currently lacks effective funding mechanisms and national innovation systems to support research. Dr. Rampersad proposed establishing a Caribbean Research and Funding Agency to provide dedicated funding for research, knowledge generation, and innovation in the region. This, along with other measures like improving technology transfer and establishing regional innovation systems, could help maximize the impact of research from Caribbean higher education institutions.
This document discusses strategies for GCC countries to transition to knowledge-based economies by leveraging existing strengths. It defines key characteristics of knowledge economies and assesses the performance of the UAE, Qatar, Singapore, Norway, and Switzerland based on World Bank knowledge economy metrics. The UAE and Qatar lag in innovation and economic incentive regimes compared to benchmarks. Priorities include continuing focus on innovation, improving regulatory environments, and attracting/developing human capital through measures like recruiting top academics and implementing entrepreneur visas. Transitioning to knowledge economies will help GCC countries diversify beyond oil dependence and achieve sustainable growth.
Leveraging ICT in South Africa's Education - Reaping digital dividendsvnaicker
A digital artifact and opinion piece that suggests that digital dividends are best leveraged if ICT is introduced as early as the foundation phase of our education system.
Kenya MOICT presentation at the Youth Engagement Summit MauritiusAdrian Hall
Presentation by ICT Officer from the Ministry of ICT Kenya at the Youth Engagement Summit Mauritius, forming part of the Kenya Country Showcase panel session
This document discusses how universities can develop entrepreneurship to meet economic needs. It focuses on a case study of Stellenbosch University, which has established business incubators and support programs like LaunchLab to stimulate startup activity and support entrepreneurs. Through these efforts, Stellenbosch University has helped create over 300 jobs and assisted startup companies in raising over $5 million. Going forward, the document argues that universities in Africa can play a key role in supporting entrepreneurs and helping stimulate economic growth in their regions by commercializing research and supporting startup formation and growth.
This document discusses initiatives to promote entrepreneurship and startups in Nova Scotia. It outlines goals to increase the number of new business startups, exports, and export-participating firms. It describes several "game changers" or focus areas, including promoting growth-oriented enterprises, excellence in education and training, and entrepreneurship. Specific early win initiatives are highlighted, such as supporting the technology startup accelerator Volta and the post-secondary entrepreneurship program UIT Cape Breton. The document calls for private and public sector support and endorsement of these programs to foster entrepreneurship and innovation.
A Study of National Innovation Systems of GCC countriesBrowne & Mohan
A robust NIS system is a prerequisite for building a successful nation. With huge amount of wealth at their disposal, GCC countries are taking initiatives to transform themselves into knowledge based economies from oil based economies. This paper evaluates the current NIS of GCC countries, shows where they stand when compared to other countries, and how they can learn from countries like Singapore, Brazil, Malaysia, USA and Norway to make their NIS more effective.
Science and Technology Role in Accelerated Socio-economic achievement of visi...The Scinnovent Centre
1. The document discusses the role of science, technology, and innovation (ST&I) in achieving Kenya's Vision 2030 goals of sustained economic growth, social development, and a democratic political system.
2. ST&I is recognized as a key enabler of competitiveness, and agricultural science and technology is seen as important for accelerating progress on Vision 2030.
3. However, Kenya faces challenges like increasing population putting stress on resources, and needs to strengthen ST&I to address issues of low productivity and diversify its economy.
Using Industry 4.0 Technologies to Enrich Manufacturing SMEs in EgyptNile University
This presentation is a Proposal of how Industry 4.0 technologies can enrich the manufacturing SMEs in Egypt by describing the potential, challenges, and recommendations for successful implementation.
Similar to Nigeria.Towards a Knowledge Economy. (20)
Independent Study - College of Wooster Research (2023-2024) FDI, Culture, Glo...AntoniaOwensDetwiler
"Does Foreign Direct Investment Negatively Affect Preservation of Culture in the Global South? Case Studies in Thailand and Cambodia."
Do elements of globalization, such as Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), negatively affect the ability of countries in the Global South to preserve their culture? This research aims to answer this question by employing a cross-sectional comparative case study analysis utilizing methods of difference. Thailand and Cambodia are compared as they are in the same region and have a similar culture. The metric of difference between Thailand and Cambodia is their ability to preserve their culture. This ability is operationalized by their respective attitudes towards FDI; Thailand imposes stringent regulations and limitations on FDI while Cambodia does not hesitate to accept most FDI and imposes fewer limitations. The evidence from this study suggests that FDI from globally influential countries with high gross domestic products (GDPs) (e.g. China, U.S.) challenges the ability of countries with lower GDPs (e.g. Cambodia) to protect their culture. Furthermore, the ability, or lack thereof, of the receiving countries to protect their culture is amplified by the existence and implementation of restrictive FDI policies imposed by their governments.
My study abroad in Bali, Indonesia, inspired this research topic as I noticed how globalization is changing the culture of its people. I learned their language and way of life which helped me understand the beauty and importance of cultural preservation. I believe we could all benefit from learning new perspectives as they could help us ideate solutions to contemporary issues and empathize with others.
Vicinity Jobs’ data includes more than three million 2023 OJPs and thousands of skills. Most skills appear in less than 0.02% of job postings, so most postings rely on a small subset of commonly used terms, like teamwork.
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My study abroad in Bali, Indonesia, inspired this research topic as I noticed how globalization is changing the culture of its people. I learned their language and way of life which helped me understand the beauty and importance of cultural preservation. I believe we could all benefit from learning new perspectives as they could help us ideate solutions to contemporary issues and empathize with others.
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For more market updates, subscribe to The Independent Market Observer at https://blog.commonwealth.com/independent-market-observer.
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1. TOWARDS A KNOWLEDGE-BASED
ECONOMY: CHALLENGES AND
OPPORTUNITIES FOR NIGERIA
OLUWADARE Adekemi Jessica
National Centre for Technology Management,
Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.
Presented at Covenant University International Conference on African
Development Issues (CU-ICADI), Ota, Nigeria.
May 11th – 13th 2015.
1
3. What is the Knowledge Economy?
“Economies which are directly based on the production, distribution and use of
knowledge and information” (OECD, 1996)
“One where organizations and people acquire, create, disseminate and use
knowledge more effectively for greater economic and social development” (World
Bank Institute, 2004)
• The term “knowledge-based economy” (KBE) is the result of an emphasis on
building economies around knowledge and technology.
• Studies on the KBE became prominent in the 1990s, with the observed increase in
the contribution of knowledge-intensive industries, to GDP and employment
(OECD, 1996).
• Economic activities based on new knowledge stimulate economic growth, provide
higher wages and greater employment opportunities, as well as enhance a
country‟s competitiveness within the global environment (Blankley and Booyens,
2010).
3
4. Indicators of the KBE
Full recognition of the role of knowledge and technology in
economic growth.
Increased contribution of knowledge-intensive sectors and
the service sector to GDP.
Investments are directed towards high-technology goods
and services (particularly information and communications
technologies), R&D and human capital development
(education and training).
Highly-skilled labour is in highest demand.
Strong University-Industry collaborations (Efficient NIS)
4
5. The Problem?
• Global pattern of economic growth:
• Knowledge exploitation and the use of technology
• Africa’s pattern of economic growth:
• Exploitation of natural resources, leading to low level of competitiveness
[more than half of the 20 lowest ranked countries in the 2014 Global
Competitiveness Index (GCI), and 15 nations ranked among the least 20 nations
based on the 2012 Knowledge Economy ranking]
• Nigeria:
• Still driven by factor endowments, primarily crude oil and unskilled labour.
• Global Competitiveness ranking is 127th out of 144 economies in 2014
(WEF) and Knowledge Economy ranking is 119th position out of 145
economies in 2012 (World Bank).
• Yet to make significant progress in terms of the knowledge economy
(Radwan and Pellegrini, 2010).
• What are the immediate challenges and opportunities faced in transiting
towards a knowledge-based economy?
5
6. Study Approach
• Descriptive analysis and evaluation of the four pillars of the
knowledge economy as identified by the World Bank.
• Economic Incentives and Institutional Regime
• System of Innovation
• Education and Training
• ICT
• These pillars help to identify the challenges and opportunities that a
country or region faces in transiting to a knowledge economy, and where it
may need to focus policy attention or future investments.
• Some selected countries for comparison
6
7. System of
Innovation
Economic
Incentives and
Institutional
Regime (EIR)
Education
and Training
ICT
Infrastructure
Knowledge
Economy
• Telephone
subscriber base
• Access to Computers
• Internet Users
• Access to Basic
Education
• Average years of
schooling
• Tertiary
Enrolment
• Patent Count
• Journal Articles
• University/Industry
Relations
Adapted from
World Bank 2012
• Tariff and Nontariff
Barriers
• Ease of doing
business
• Rule of Law
8. Pillars of the Knowledge Economy
• Economic and Institutional Regime (EIR)
This comprises incentives that stimulate and promote enterprise
development via knowledge creation, dissemination and use.
• An educated and skilled population
A highly-skilled and flexible human capital is essential to compete
effectively in today‟s world and is a key building block of a knowledge-
based economy
• A dynamic information infrastructure
Access to ICT infrastructure facilitates the effective communication,
dissemination, and processing of information. Many features of the KBE
are actually based on the increasing use of ICT.
• An effective innovation system
This allows for close relations among knowledge institutions (research
centres, universities) and firms with which they can tap into the growing
stock of global knowledge, adapt it to local needs, and create new
technological solutions.
8
10. SWEDEN
• Most advanced knowledge economy (KEI of 9.43) and the
10th most competitive economy in the world.
• Strong, transparent and efficient institutions
• Excellent infrastructure, and healthy macroeconomic
conditions
• Right set of conditions for innovation, high royalty payments
and receipts, science and engineering journal articles, and
patents.
• Companies compete by producing new and different goods
using the most sophisticated production processes and by
innovating new ones.
ICT adoption is among the highest in the world
• Like other Nordic countries, Sweden is doing very well with
regard to its economic and institutional regime, having
recorded success in the implementation of policy reforms.
10
11. SINGAPORE
• 2nd most competitive country in the world, consistently occupying the
position of the highest-ranked country from Asia in the past decade
• Knowledge Economy Index of 8.26 places the country in the 23rd
position in the world.
• Good governance, strong commitment towards development and
good institutional frameworks. Economic Incentives and Institutional
Regime (EIR) is 1st in the world.
• The Singaporean workforce is highly educated, highly motivated,
highly skilled and highly productive.
• Successfully grown R&D base, drawn top scientific and creative talent
and nurtured R&D collaborations between the public sector and
private enterprise. Innovation Index is ranked 4th.
• The ICT infrastructure in the country is comprehensively developed
and Singapore now produces a diversity of goods, ranging from
electronic goods to transportation equipment and machinery, all of
which are knowledge-intensive.
11
12. SOUTH AFRICA
• KEI (5.21) is placed in the 67th position
• Efficiency-driven, high quality institutions, intellectual property
protection, efficiency of legal framework, accountability of private
institutions, and strong financial market development.
• The innovation system features good scientific research institutions
and strong collaboration between universities and the business
sector in innovation
• Building a Knowledge-based Economy is important to the South
African government. An important component of the South African
drive towards a knowledge economy is the Ten-Year (2008-2018)
Innovation Plan which is proposed “to help lead economic growth
by the production and dissemination of knowledge for the
enrichment of all fields of human endeavour”
• Knowledge economy vision: To create a society that uses its
knowledge systems and human capital to solve problems, while
exploiting economic opportunity in a sustainable way.
12
13. Country Knowledge
Economy Rank
(of 145)
Knowledge
Economy
Index (of 10)
Global
Competitiveness
Rank (of 144)
Global
Competitive
ness Index
(of 7.0)
Singapore 23 8.26 2 5.65
South Korea 29 7.97 26 4.96
Malaysia 48 6.1 20 5.16
South Africa 67 5.21 56 4.35
Nigeria 119 2.2 127 3.44
World Bank (2012) WEF (2014)
13
14. Innovation
Index 2014
(/100)
Human Development 2013 Networked
Readiness 2014
Ease of
Doing
Business
Rank 2014
(of 189)Index Ranking
(of 187)
Expected
years of
schooling
Life
Expectancy
at birth
Index
(of 7.0)
Rank
(of 148)
27.8 *0.504 152 9.0 52.5 3.31 112 170
NIGERIA
Sources: World Bank, UNDP
*Low Human Development
Networked Readiness measures the performance of economies in leveraging information and communications
technologies to boost competitiveness and well-being.
14
15. EIR in Nigeria
• The economic incentives and regulations required for a
dynamically functioning business environment in Nigeria are quite
inadequate.
• Low regulatory quality of the business climate.
• High tariffs
• Non-transparent valuation procedures
• Frequent policy changes
• High costs of doing business
• Inadequate electricity supply
• Difficulty in accessing, and high cost of credit
• Poor transportation system
• Poor legal provisions to ensure transparency and accountability in
the business environment
15
16. 16
Regulations affecting Businesses (SMEs) in Nigeria 2014 2013
Starting a business 129 122
Dealing with construction permits 171 151
Getting electricity 187 185
Registering property 185 185
Getting credit 52 13
Protecting Investors 62 68
Paying Taxes 179 170
Trading across borders 159 158
Enforcing Contracts 140 136
Resolving Insolvency 131 107
World Bank Doing Business 2014. Rank (of 189 economies)
17. Education and Training in Nigeria
• Large number of out-of-school children and young adults with
limited literacy skills. [Efforts on the implementation of the UBE
programme still needs to be enhanced].
• Brain drain
• Academic staff shortages in tertiary education [esp. S&T]
• Low capacity of universities to accommodate the burgeoning
student
• High emphasis on paper qualification
• Priority of theory over practice [inadequate for equipping
learners with the skills needed for active participation in the
global knowledge economy (Oseghale and Adeyomoye, 2011)]
• Deteriorating quality and insufficient investment.
• (From 2000 to 2006, the number of Nigerian students abroad became more than doubled,
from 10,000 to 22,000. In the US, Nigeria was the 17th and 19th largest source of
international undergraduates and graduate students, respectively in 2009/2010, and the
largest source of students from SSA - Education Fact Sheet, 2012).
17
18. System of Innovation in Nigeria
• Companies in Nigeria are yet to compete by producing new and different
goods using the most sophisticated production processes and by innovating
new ones (WEF, 2014).
• Weak firm-level capacity to absorb technology
• Lack of institutional capacity to address IPR issues
• Knowledge-generation capacity of universities is weakened by
insufficient funding, institutional rigidity and bureaucracies, brain drain, a
„publish-or-perish‟ approach to research, and frequent industrial actions
by academic and non-academic staff (Bamiro, 2012)
• Weak University-Industry collaborations (Oyewale, 2005; Adeoti et al., 2008;
Oyelaran-Oyeyinka and Adebowale, 2012). Universities function, for the most part,
independent of industry; and industry depends on foreign sources of
knowledge to sustain production and possibly meet competitive challenges
18
19. 19
Nigeria Innovation Indices Value* Rank (/144)
Capacity for innovation 3.7 73
Quality of scientific research institutions 2.8 120
Company spending on R&D 2.8 106
University-industry collaboration in R&D 2.8 123
Gov’t procurement of advanced tech products 3.0 109
Availability of scientists and engineers 3.8 89
PCT patents, applications/million pop 0.0 117
World Economic Forum, 2014. *values are on a scale of 1 (lowest) to 7 (highest)
20. ICT in Nigeria
• Vibrant, dynamic and rapidly expanding telecom industry
• Nigeria is currently ranked as the leading telecommunications
country in Africa ahead of South Africa in terms of subscriber
base (Pyramid Research, 2014).
• 139 million active telephone connections as at December 2014
(NCC, 2015) (400,000 pre-liberalization)
• 99.32 teledensity (0.4 pre-liberalization)
• Increase in adoption of 3G technologies (15.9% of the mobile
subscription base in 2014)
• Increase in online shopping
20
21. ICT in Nigeria
Growth in ICT in Nigeria has translated into:
• Significant increase in access to basic telephony services
• Reduction in acquisition costs of telephone lines
• Innovation and technological development as a result of competition
• Reduction in call charges
• Growth in Teledensity
• Employment Generation
• Skills acquisition and technology transfer
• Inflow of foreign capital
However,
• High cost of owning personal computers
• Use of computer, access to internet and other tools of ICT are limited
greatly to the urban areas and there is low penetration in the rural areas.
• Internet market is still plagued by poor network quality and sluggish
rollout. Mobile internet access is increasingly becoming the service of
choice for most business and residential customers, but prices are still
high.
21
22. In transiting to a knowledge-based economy, Nigeria appears to
have a long distance to cover:
• Absence of a national drive towards the knowledge economy
• No distinct policies and programmes towards building a knowledge
economy
• Dependence on crude-oil makes the country is highly sensitive to world
economic cycles, commodity price trends and exchange rate
fluctuations.
• Poor infrastructural development
• Government involvement in key areas of the economy not restricted to
policy making and regulatory activities
22
23. Key KBE Strategies for Nigeria
Business Environment
• Diversification of the economy
• MSMEs sector contributes significantly to GDP and should be
well developed via the creation of a conducive environment
• Ensuring continuity in economic and industrial policies and
making the business environment secure enough to increase
private sector participation and attract foreign direct investments
Innovation
• Building capabilities for technological adoption
• Exploiting reverse engineering techniques
• Fostering a culture of respect for Intellectual Property Rights
• Committed implementation of the National STI policy
• Designing public research and development activities to be
directly responsive to market needs
23
24. Key KBE Strategies for Nigeria
Education and Training
• Optimizing the strength of and training the youth population and
their entrepreneurial spirit
• Active engagement of the private sector to provide education at
all levels
• Attracting Nigerian professionals in diaspora (returning post-
graduates and post-doctorates from overseas universities)
ICT Pillar:
• ICT spread to rural communities
• Exploiting mobile telephony services (lessons from Kenya‟s M-Pesa)
• The wide acceptance and use of information technology in the
country could be employed to strengthen the performance of the
other pillars
24
25. Concluding Remarks
• Closing the knowledge gap between developed and
developing countries appears a difficult task. Developing
countries are actually pursuing a moving target, because the
developed world is constantly pushing forward the knowledge
frontiers.
• Efforts should be directed towards acquiring existing
knowledge and technology and building capacity to
effectively adapt it to local situations.
• To become successful knowledge economies, African nations
need to rethink and act simultaneously on their education
base, innovation system, ICT infrastructure, economic and
institutional regime.
25