B. Ed knowledge and curriculum knowledge and its types

1. Module 1: Understanding Knowledge and its
relation to education
Unit 1 :PERSPECTIVES OF KNOWLEDGE &
EDUCATION
a) Knowledge:-
Meaning, and Characteristics of Knowledge
1
B. Ed Regular 2018-20 Core course 2: Knowledge & Curriculum

2. Knowing is one of the most fundamental
human processes and knowledge is its
result.
That means that knowing and knowledge
have been subjects of human inquiry from
the ancient times. Philosophers, starting
with Plato
and Aristotle developed Epistemology as a
theory of knowledge, trying to
answer to the fundamental question: What
is knowledge?
‘जाणून घेणे’ ही सर्ाात मूलभूत मानर्ी क्रिया
आहे आक्रण ज्ञान हा त्याचा परिणाम आहे.
याचा अर्ा असा की जाण आक्रण ज्ञान हे प्राचीन
काळापासून मानर्ी चौकस बुद्धीचे क्रर्षय
आहेत. प्लेटो आक्रण अॅरिस्टॉटलने ज्ञान म्हणजे
काय? या मूलभूत प्रश्नाचे उत्ति शोधताना
ज्ञानाचा क्रसद्धाांत म्हणून ज्ञानिचनार्ाद क्रर्कक्रसत
क
े ला
Knowledge/ ज्ञान :

3. Knowledge: dictionary meaning
Merriam-Webster
Dictionary
“the fact or
condition of
knowing
something with
familiarity gained
through
experience
or association”
मेरियम-र्ेबस्टि
शब्दकोश
"अनुभर्ातून क्रक
ां र्ा
सहर्ासातून प्राप्त
झालेल्या ओळखीसह
काहीतिी जाणून
घेण्याची स्थर्ती"

4. Knowledge is a
familiarity, awareness or
understanding of someone or
something, such
as facts, information, descriptions,
or skills, which is acquired
through experience or education by
perceiving, discovering,
or learning.
ज्ञान म्हणजे एखादी व्यक्ती
क्रक
ां र्ा एखाद्या गोष्टीबाबत
असलेली जाणीर् क्रक
ां र्ा त्या
समजून घेणे, जसे की तथ्य,
माक्रहती, र्णान क्रक
ां र्ा कौशल्ये,
जे अनुभर् क्रक
ां र्ा क्रशक्षणाच्या
माध्यमातून समजणे, शोधणे
क्रक
ां र्ा अध्ययन याद्वािे प्राप्त
क
े ले जाते.

5. Oxford dictionary ,
“Facts, information,
and skills acquired
through experience or
education; the
theoretical or practical
understanding of a
subject.”
Knowledge: dictionary meaning
ऑक्सफर्ा शब्दकोश
,
"तथ्ये, माक्रहती आक्रण
अनुभर् क्रक
ां र्ा
क्रशक्षणाद्वािे प्राप्त
क
े लेली कौशल्ये;
एखाद्या क्रर्षयाची
सैद्धाांक्रतक क्रक
ां र्ा
व्यार्हारिक समज”

6. Knowledge can refer to
a theoretical or
practical understanding of
a subject.
In philosophy, the study of
knowledge is
called epistemology; the
philosopher Plato famously
defined knowledge as "justified
true belief"
Knowledge acquisition involves
complex cognitive processes: perception, commu
nication, and reasoning;[3] while knowledge is also
said to be related to the capacity
of acknowledgement in human beings.[4]

7. 1.Non-depleting: unlike
other resources that are
managed because of
their scarcity value, the
more knowledge is used,
the more is generated;
we all know about
'information overload'!
अक्षय : इति
सांसाधनाांप्रमाणे ज्ञानाची
कमतिता होत नाही.
क्रजतक
े अक्रधक ज्ञान र्ापिले
जाते क्रततक
े अक्रधक व्युत्पन्न
होते; आपल्या सर्ाांना
'माक्रहती ओव्हिलोर्' बद्दल
माक्रहती आहेच !
2. Win-win sharing: if you share
your knowledge with another
person, the first person does not
lose it.
दोन्ही घटकाांसाठी उपयुक्त : जि तुम्ही
तुमचे ज्ञान दुसऱ्या व्यक्तीसोबत शेअि क
े ले
ति पक्रहली व्यक्ती ते गमार्त नाही.
3. Chunkable and portable: it can
be summarized, compressed or
divided in manageable units for
easier transfer and management.
खांडित करण्यायोग्य आडि हस्ाांतरिीय
: सुलभ हस्ाांतिण आक्रण व्यर्थर्ापनासाठी
ते सािाांक्रशत, आक
ुां क्रचत क्रक
ां र्ा व्यर्थर्ाक्रपत
किण्यायोग्य घटकाांमध्ये क्रर्भागले जाऊ
शकते.
Characteristics of knowledge /ज्ञानाची र्ैक्रशष्ट्ये

8. 4.Transferable: it can move from place to
place; explicit knowledge, in particular,
can easily be distributed via networks to
many people.
क्रर्तिणसुलभ : ते क्रठकाणाहून दुसिीकर्े जाऊ
शकते; सुस्पष्ट ज्ञान, क्रर्शेषतः, अनेक लोकाांना
नेटर्क
ा द्वािे सहजपणे क्रर्तरित क
े ले जाऊ
शकते.
5.Mobile: knowledge tends to leak and
diffuse, either as people move jobs, talk
or through technical reproduction and
transmission.
गक्रतशील : लोक जेव्हा नोकऱ्या बदलतात
तेंव्हा ज्ञानाची र्ाच्यता होऊ शकते, त्याचे
ताांक्रिकरूपाने पुनरुत्पादन आक्रण प्रसािणाद्वािे
ते प्रसृत (पसरू ) होऊ शकते.
6.Substitutable: in many
situations it can replace
physical and other forms of
resources. Thus
telecommunications reduces
the need for travel or physical
transport (of documents).
प्रडतयोजनक्षम : बऱ्याच
परिस्थर्तीांमध्ये ते भौक्रतक आक्रण
इति प्रकािच्या सांसाधनाांची जागा
घेऊ शकते. अशा प्रकािे दू िसांचाि
माध्यमाांद्वािे प्रर्ासाची क्रक
ां र्ा
भौक्रतक र्ाहतूक (दस्ऐर्जाांची)
गिज कमी किते.

9. SOURCES OF KNOWLEDGE:
EMPIRICISM AND RATIONALISM

10. EMPIRICISM
(अनुभववाद)
which holds that our
knowledge is primarily based in
experience.
Empiricism is the theory that states
that experience is of primary
importance in giving us knowledge
of the world.
Whatever we learn, according to
empiricists, we learn through
perception.
Empiricists hold that all of
our knowledge is ultimately
derived from our senses or
our experiences. They
therefore deny the existence
of innate knowledge, i.e.
knowledge that we possess
from birth.

11.  Empiricism fits well with the scientific world-
view that places an emphasis on
experimentation and observation.
 It struggles, however, to account for certain
types of knowledge, e.g. knowledge of ethics.

12. RATIONALISM
(तक
क वाद )
 which holds that our
knowledge is primarily
based in reason.
 Rationalists hold that at
least some of our
knowledge is derived
from reason alone, and
that reason plays an
important role in the
acquisition of all of our
knowledge
There is clearly a limit to what
we can learn through abstract
thought, but the rationalist’s
claim is that reason plays a role
in observation, and so that the
mind is more fundamental than
the senses in the process of
knowledge-acquisition
Although the modern
scientific world view borrows
heavily from empiricism,
there are reasons for thinking
that a synthesis of the two
traditions is more plausible than
either of them individually.