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2. Earth’s atmosphere
Earth’s atmosphere is a layer of gases surrounding the planet.
The Earth is surrounded by a blanket of air,
which we call the atmosphere.
Atmosphere:
Absorbs the energy from the Sun
protects us from high-energy radiation
The atmosphere protects and supports life.
It burns incoming meteoroids.
5. Earth’s atmosphere
Earth’s atmosphere is made of a mixture of gases called
air.
Nitrogen gas makes up about 78% of Earth’s
atmosphere.
The second most abundant gas is
oxygen, which makes up 21% of Earth’s
atmosphere.
The third Argon (Ar, 0.9%).
Carbon Dioxide (CO2, 0.03%).
7. Layers of Atmosphere
The atmosphere has four layers
Thermosphere
Mesosphere
Stratosphere
Troposphere
8.
9.
10. Troposphere
Lowest and thinnest layer
17 km at equator, 7 km at poles
90% of the atmosphere’s mass
Temperature decreases with altitude
6°C per kilometer
Top of troposphere averages –50°C
Where weather occurs
Air is warmest at the bottom of the troposphere near ground level.
Higher up it gets colder
Boundary between the troposphere, and the stratosphere is called
the tropopause
View of troposphere layer from an
airplane's window.
12. Stratosphere
Extends from 10 km to 50 km
Above the ground
Here UV radiation are absorted
Temperature increases with altitude
Almost no weather occurrence
No air mixing in this layer.
Contains high level of ozone
Ozone layer
Upper boundary is called stratopause
temp which change slowly in stratosphere.
Stop changing here
15. Mesosphere
COLDEST
Extends to almost 80-85 km high
Meteoroids get burn in this layer
Most coldest layer(-100)C
Temperature
decreases as altitude increases.
The boundary between the
mesosphere and the next upper layer
is called mesopause.
16. Thermosphere
Above the mesosphere and extends to almost
500 km high
Hottest layer
Temperature increases with altitude.
The upper Thermosphere is called the
Ionosphere; it extends from 80 to 550 km
above the Earth's surface.
Ionosphere absorb radiation from the sun and
become electrically charged.
Electrically charged particles are called ions,
hence the name: the Ionosphere.
Readily absorbs solar radiation
Temperature can go as high as 1,500C
Reflects radio waves.
International space station are present in this
layer.
18. AURORAS
• An aurora is a natural light display in the sky, usually of greenish color but sometimes
red or blue.
• This natural phenomenon usually occurs in areas known as the 'auroral zone' near the
poles of the in the north & in the south.
• Aurora is caused by the collision of energetically charged particles with atoms in the
high altitude thermosphere within our atmosphere.
• The Sun contain particles which gets pulled into the Earth's magnetic pole fields.
• As they accelerate towards the Earth, collisions occur between these ion particles and
nitrogen and oxygen atoms in our atmosphere, releasing energy in the form of amazing
aurora lights
21. Layers of the
Atmosphere
The four layers of the
atmosphere include:
1. the troposphere, where we
live;
2. the stratosphere, which
contains the ozone layer;
3. the mesosphere, where
meteors burn; and
4. the thermosphere, where
satellites orbit Earth.