The kidneys are a pair of excretory organs located on the posterior abdominal wall, one on each side of the vertebral columns. Each kidney is bean-shaped, measuring approximately 11 cm long, 6 cm broad, and 3 cm thick. The kidneys have an upper and lower pole and borders, with the medial border containing the hilum, where the ureter and blood vessels enter and exit the kidney. The right kidney has anterior relations with the liver, duodenum, and colon, while the left kidney's anterior relations include the spleen, stomach, and pancreas. Both kidneys have posterior relations with the diaphragm, muscles, and nerves of the back.

1. Anatomy
Of
Kidney
Dr shaista

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Kidney are a pair of
excretory organs
situated on the
posterior abdominal
wall
one on each side of the
vertebral columns
Behind the Peritonium

4. Location
Epigastric
hypochondriac lumber
region
Upper border of T12 to
the center of the body
of L 3
The right kidney is
slightly lower than left
Each kidney is 11 CM
long
6 CM broad
3 CM thick
Weight 150 gm in male
135 gm in female

5. External features
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Bean shape
2 pole
upper ( broad, close contact with supra renal gland)
lower(pointed)
2 borders
medial border(concave, middle part show depression
__ hilum
lateral border (convex)
2 surface
anterior ( irregular)
posterior ( flat)

6. Common relation of both
kidney
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Upper pole of each kidney__ supra renal
gland
Lower pole _ 2.5 CM above the iliac crest
The medial border _ supra renal gland,
ureter below the
hilus

7. Relation of
Right kidney
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Anterior relation
Right supra renal
gland
Liver
Second part of
deudenum
Hepatic flexure of
colon
Small intestine

8. Relation of
left kidney
Anterior relation
Left supra renal gland
Spleen
Stomach
Pancreas
Spleenic vessel
Splenic flexure
Descending colon
Jejunum

9. Posterior
relation of both
kidney
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Diaphragm
Medial and lateral
arcuate ligaments
Psoas major
muscle
Qudratus
lamborium muscle
Transversus
abdominis
Sub coastal vessels
Subcostal,
iliohypogastric and
Ilioinguinal nerve