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Police officers protect life and property by patrolling assigned areas, enforcing laws, directing traffic, controlling crowds, preventing crime, and arresting law violators. They work outdoors, often in vehicles or on foot/bicycles, around the clock in shifts to serve communities. The work can be dangerous, stressful, and emotionally taxing but also rewarding when protecting the public. Formal education requirements are typically a high school diploma or equivalent, though some positions require further degrees, and police officers earn salaries ranging from $32,120 to $69,250 annually.
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Ways to Improve the Effectiveness of the Police Force
A state is comprised of a government and its citizens. The police force is tasked to uphold the safety of the citizens. To safeguard all the people in the society, the government creates the laws that are being enforced by police officers. “They patrol the streets, issue tickets, monitor social activities, arrest criminals, and respond to emergency calls.
CHAPTER 13 Police Strategies and Tactics LEARNING OBJECTI.docx
CHAPTER 13 Police Strategies and Tactics
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
• Identify the three cornerstones of modern police strategy for dealing with crime.
• Summarize the findings of the Kansas City Preventive Patrol Experiment.
• Summarize the findings of research on the effects of police response time.
• Summarize the findings of research on the effectiveness of detective follow-up investigations.
• Distinguish between reactive and proactive repeat offender programs.
• Explain the rationale underlying differential responses to calls for service.
• Distinguish between the police–community relations programs of the 1960s and 1970s and com-
munity policing of the 1980s and 1990s.
• Explain how problem-oriented policing differs from traditional single-complaint policing.
• Describe how the police response to domestic violence has evolved over the last two decades.
• Describe how the police response to missing children has changed in recent years.
Any analytical approach to organizations focuses naturally on the methods used to
perform the basic work of the organization. These work methods are sometimes referred
to as tasks or as organizational technology. The use of the term “technology” in this
context does not imply highly sophisticated or complicated methods or equipment, but
simply the techniques, whether simple or complex, employed to perform the organiza-
tion’s work. Assembly line manufacturing, for example, is a basic organizational technol-
ogy in which each worker performs a single specialized task on a product as it moves by
on the assembly line, resulting in the finished product having been worked on by many
specialized employees. If, instead, each worker assembled a complete product, performing
all the various tasks necessary to finish the product, we would recognize that a different
organizational technology was in use, even though the product was the same.
F
O
S
T
E
R
,
C
E
D
R
I
C
1
6
9
2
T
S
13 Police Strategies and Tactics 385
In this chapter, we look analytically at police organizational technology. Traditional
police terminology refers to tactics and strategies, which are simply combinations of spe-
cific tasks and general approaches to achieving police organizational objectives. We will
identify the most commonly utilized police strategies and tactics and assess the available
evidence about their effectiveness. Since the early 1970s there has been a tremendous
number of studies aimed at evaluating and analyzing police strategies and tactics.
In a rational approach to police administration, managers should carefully design
work tasks and organize them into tactics and strategies in such a way that the organiza-
tion’s goals of protecting life and property and maintaining order are maximally attained.
This chapter is intended to introduce the reader to a rational approach while, at the same
time, identifying constraints that limit such an approach. One constraint is the vague-
ness of the police goal of.
Recommended
Ways to Improve the Effectiveness of the Police Force
A state is comprised of a government and its citizens. The police force is tasked to uphold the safety of the citizens. To safeguard all the people in the society, the government creates the laws that are being enforced by police officers. “They patrol the streets, issue tickets, monitor social activities, arrest criminals, and respond to emergency calls.
CHAPTER 13 Police Strategies and Tactics LEARNING OBJECTI.docx
CHAPTER 13 Police Strategies and Tactics
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
• Identify the three cornerstones of modern police strategy for dealing with crime.
• Summarize the findings of the Kansas City Preventive Patrol Experiment.
• Summarize the findings of research on the effects of police response time.
• Summarize the findings of research on the effectiveness of detective follow-up investigations.
• Distinguish between reactive and proactive repeat offender programs.
• Explain the rationale underlying differential responses to calls for service.
• Distinguish between the police–community relations programs of the 1960s and 1970s and com-
munity policing of the 1980s and 1990s.
• Explain how problem-oriented policing differs from traditional single-complaint policing.
• Describe how the police response to domestic violence has evolved over the last two decades.
• Describe how the police response to missing children has changed in recent years.
Any analytical approach to organizations focuses naturally on the methods used to
perform the basic work of the organization. These work methods are sometimes referred
to as tasks or as organizational technology. The use of the term “technology” in this
context does not imply highly sophisticated or complicated methods or equipment, but
simply the techniques, whether simple or complex, employed to perform the organiza-
tion’s work. Assembly line manufacturing, for example, is a basic organizational technol-
ogy in which each worker performs a single specialized task on a product as it moves by
on the assembly line, resulting in the finished product having been worked on by many
specialized employees. If, instead, each worker assembled a complete product, performing
all the various tasks necessary to finish the product, we would recognize that a different
organizational technology was in use, even though the product was the same.
F
O
S
T
E
R
,
C
E
D
R
I
C
1
6
9
2
T
S
13 Police Strategies and Tactics 385
In this chapter, we look analytically at police organizational technology. Traditional
police terminology refers to tactics and strategies, which are simply combinations of spe-
cific tasks and general approaches to achieving police organizational objectives. We will
identify the most commonly utilized police strategies and tactics and assess the available
evidence about their effectiveness. Since the early 1970s there has been a tremendous
number of studies aimed at evaluating and analyzing police strategies and tactics.
In a rational approach to police administration, managers should carefully design
work tasks and organize them into tactics and strategies in such a way that the organiza-
tion’s goals of protecting life and property and maintaining order are maximally attained.
This chapter is intended to introduce the reader to a rational approach while, at the same
time, identifying constraints that limit such an approach. One constraint is the vague-
ness of the police goal of.
Explain the sources of police subculture. king undercover would affec.pdf
Explain the sources of police subculture. king undercover would affect an officer in terms of
various components of police subeulture.
Solution
Answer- Part1
Police Subculture-
It\'s the culture of Police Officers.
Cops gathering at doughnut shops and eating doughnuts is part of police subculture which
became popular.
Cops are tied to the colour blue. They use police code even while not in the work-place. They
call each other by their last names only outside of work as is standard practice while on the job.
Part of cop subculture is to moonlight as bouncers, private eyes and other gigs when they can not
get any overtime. Part of the culture is that cops live off their OT. If you look up how much cops
get paid you\'ll find that OT is usually 20-50% of their wages. The culture has their slang. New
Recruits are called Rooks/Boots.
So, Police subculture is defined as a specific set of beliefs, attitudes, and behaviours exhibited by
those in law enforcement. Because police officers spend the majority of their time dealing with
crime, they tend to view members of the public as untrustworthy and potentially hostile.
Sources of Police Subculture
1- Organization Factors Cont.
2- Night Shifts:
3- Street Environment
4- Culture-shaping implications between the police and citizens
5- Behavior can be influenced due to personal beliefs and circumstances that are encountered
6- Young officers get frustrated due to being disillusioned by the routine
7- Most common violent encounters that officers respond to are between friends and
acquaintances, domestic situations also
8- Traffic stop interactions negatively affect police subculture, an encounter between officer and
driver are doomed
9- Other Criminal Justice Agencies
10- Administration Cont.
Answer- Part 2
Undercover officers are mainly hard-working minority men and women who grew up in some of
the toughest neighbourhoods in the city who chose to come into the police and try to make a
difference. And the police uses them.
Working as an undercover would affect an officer in terms of various components of police
subculture. Some Possible components could be as follows-:
1- Undercover agents are frequently required to be in hostile environments in which they give up
control and do not have dominion.
2- The level of danger and unpredictability is markedly increased.
3- Their sense of moral superiority may be increased, as they spend more time surrounded by
criminals. 4- Their sense of us versus them will have to be concealed to avoid giving themselves
away. Their need for secrecy may extend to everyone they know to protect their cover, thus
increasing their isolation.
5- Their bravery and ability to deceive are likely to be continually challenged..
Comprehensive AAR Presentation
This was the ICPS3-ICPO, PRO10 Field Training Program's After Activity Report
Rise of the Private Police
Here is a presentation of a white paper I created in 2019 (prior to the pandemic) on the "Rise of the Private Police”. I was asked to present in Beijing, China just when the COVID19 began to impact its major metropolitan cities, but it had to be cancelled.
I cannot find any better time more appropriate than today, when we are watching a large movement of distrust of the police forces, which may provide an opportunity for the private security industry. Accountability and transparency are at the forefront of today’s need for a police force capable of responding to a void that is opening due to the militarization and perceived systemic racism which plagues our police forces. The Private Security industry have set the pace for filling that void and some of our cities may require private security to augment their police functions, when and if it should fail.
Joining the Police: 20 years on
These slides are from a presentation given at the University of Leicester, UK as part of the Careers After Biological Sciences series in March 2010. The speaker, Inspector John Gray, studied Biology at Leicester in the 1980s.
www.biosciencecareers.wordpress.com
Police Jobs in india , Latest vacancies Apply Now
Police Recruitment 2024: Discover and apply for the most recent government police job opportunities in India online. Stay informed about the latest recruitment notifications for positions such as Constable, Sub Inspector (SI), Wardens, CI, and more. Access details like job descriptions, total vacancies, eligibility criteria, salary, educational qualifications, job locations, application procedures, fees, selection processes, and application deadlines for the Police recruitment in 2024.
Stay updated on job vacancies in the Police Department for 2024 and be among the first to know about the latest recruitment notifications for both freshers and experienced candidates. Explore newly announced police recruitment job vacancies for 2024 from the Police Department.
Internship at office of regional police and dpo office sargodha final report ...
this report helps other criminology students in sargodha ..in this report mention all working method of police in different place..i hope so its very helpful for students
(allow for more than one officer to participate, and even shoot.docx
(
allow for more than one officer to participate, and even shoot rubber bullets back at the officers. These simula
tions provide enlightening and realistic training for offi
cers new to the position as well as for those
that
have been working the street for some time.
) (
^^^^
) (
Police training does not end at the recruit level. It is used to update the skills and knowledge base of veteran officers throughout their law enforcement careers.
)In-service training Training that occurs during a police officer's career, usually on a regular basis and usually within the department; often requred by department policy or state mandate.
probationary period The period in the early part of an officer's career in which the officer can be dismissed if not performing to the department's standards.
training programs for officers assigned to new duties. Recently, many of these training opportunities have been offered online. Training units can be developed that can be worked around an officer's schedule. They can be anywhere from 10-minute training segments to use during or after roll call or several hours for a more in-depth discussion of a topic.
Police training generally does not end at the recruit level. In many departments, in-service training is used to regularly update the skills and knowledge
base of veteran officers.
Numerous departments throughout the United States have begun to develop low-cost and effective local and regional community policing training to inculcate community awareness into their recruits and in-service personnel. The U.S. Department of Justice Office of Community Oriented Policing Services (COPS) encourages departments to pursue community policing initiatives and provides links on its website to community policing sites with training opportunities available to law enforcement. It also provides grants and funding to law enforcement agencies.
Probationary Period
(
In-Services, Management, and Specialized Training
Police training generally does not end at the recruit level. In ma
ny departments, is used to regularly update die skills and knowledge base of veteran officers. Because laws and devel
opments in policing are constandy chang
ing, officers need to be kept up to date. Many states have chosen to mandate a required number of
in-service training hours for officers to maintain their state certification. Primarily, diis was done as a way to ensure departments were keep
ing their officers updated on the latest laws and procedures and ensure some degree of uniformity from jurisdict
ion to jurisdiction.
In addition to in-service training, many departments use management training programs to teach supervisory and ma
n
a
geme
nt
skills to newly
promoted supervisors and
managers. Many departments also offer specialized
)A probationary period is the period
of time that a department has to evaluate a new officer's ability to perform his or her job effectively. Generally, a probationary officer can be dismissed at will without ...
Police preparationaustralia vic police recruitments processes- police job pr...
Victoria Police's Official documents that describes what things you require to join this Australian state police. Detailed processes and rules to follow while standing in the recruitment line. Follow these steps and instructions and then proceed to the final step of hiring with !00% satisfied preparation with Police Preparation Australia. Follow us for updated news on our blogs, websites, facbook, twitter and find yourself in the VIC Police this year !
A BLUEPRINT FOR ENHANCING INVESTIGATIVE EXCELLENCE POLICING AS.docx
A BLUEPRINT FOR ENHANCING INVESTIGATIVE EXCELLENCE POLICING AS A TRADECRAFT
Staff Sergeant Dan Jones
Policing today is referred to as a profession. The desire to move off the front line, out of a uniform,
seems to start earlier and earlier in today's police membership. At some point in the last 20 years the
current focus of police organizations moved from investigations to leadership. Not leading
investigatively, but leading people. There are PhD programs in policing leadership, management,
and other forms of getting personnel to believe in and work toward achieving organizational goals.
American businessman Harold Geneen once said, “Leadership cannot be taught. It can only be
learned.” In regard to the foundation of policing and the role of investigative excellence, I provide the
following submissions. Unlike leadership, investigations can and should be taught. A lack of focus on
investigative tradecraft has stunted our ability to learn superior investigative skills, and as a result we
are not serving the public in the best manner possible.
Let me clarify one thing, policing is not a profession, it is a tradecraft. Undergraduate or graduate
degrees do not make you a better investigator. There are no university programs that make a great
investigator. Policing may not be a profession, but in no way does that say or imply that police are
not expected to be professional. It simply means there is an on-the-job learning component, or
apprenticeship. During the police officer's career, it is during the time on patrol that a police officer is
taught the skills necessary to effectively fulfill his or her role. I cannot emphasize enough how this
very important component of police work is being overlooked. The rash of retirements, people
quitting to move on to other jobs prior to retirement, and the desire of members to get out of front-
line policing as soon as possible, results in a lack of skilled investigators. A three-year member as a
patrol training officer has not yet reached the “journeyman” stage in policing and therefore is at a
disadvantage when asked to teach the important skills of investigations. This lack of proper tutelage
in the initial stages of many young police officers' careers has a lasting ripple effect on the entire
service, and we are definitely seeing this in the quality of our investigations today.
The public demands that we be adequate at investigations; I assert we should strive for investigative
excellence. Police organizations, as well as the investigating police members, are liable for
inadequate police investigations as set out in Hill vs. Hamilton-Wentworth. It is time we arm our
police officers with the investigative skills and abilities needed to do the job they have been sworn to
do. The police officer's tool belt should not only contain a sidearm, CEW, and handcuffs, it needs a
working knowledge of the Canadian Criminal Code, interviewing techniques, warrant writing, photo .
More Related Content
Similar to Keyboarding sid 48000539
Explain the sources of police subculture. king undercover would affec.pdf
Explain the sources of police subculture. king undercover would affect an officer in terms of
various components of police subeulture.
Solution
Answer- Part1
Police Subculture-
It\'s the culture of Police Officers.
Cops gathering at doughnut shops and eating doughnuts is part of police subculture which
became popular.
Cops are tied to the colour blue. They use police code even while not in the work-place. They
call each other by their last names only outside of work as is standard practice while on the job.
Part of cop subculture is to moonlight as bouncers, private eyes and other gigs when they can not
get any overtime. Part of the culture is that cops live off their OT. If you look up how much cops
get paid you\'ll find that OT is usually 20-50% of their wages. The culture has their slang. New
Recruits are called Rooks/Boots.
So, Police subculture is defined as a specific set of beliefs, attitudes, and behaviours exhibited by
those in law enforcement. Because police officers spend the majority of their time dealing with
crime, they tend to view members of the public as untrustworthy and potentially hostile.
Sources of Police Subculture
1- Organization Factors Cont.
2- Night Shifts:
3- Street Environment
4- Culture-shaping implications between the police and citizens
5- Behavior can be influenced due to personal beliefs and circumstances that are encountered
6- Young officers get frustrated due to being disillusioned by the routine
7- Most common violent encounters that officers respond to are between friends and
acquaintances, domestic situations also
8- Traffic stop interactions negatively affect police subculture, an encounter between officer and
driver are doomed
9- Other Criminal Justice Agencies
10- Administration Cont.
Answer- Part 2
Undercover officers are mainly hard-working minority men and women who grew up in some of
the toughest neighbourhoods in the city who chose to come into the police and try to make a
difference. And the police uses them.
Working as an undercover would affect an officer in terms of various components of police
subculture. Some Possible components could be as follows-:
1- Undercover agents are frequently required to be in hostile environments in which they give up
control and do not have dominion.
2- The level of danger and unpredictability is markedly increased.
3- Their sense of moral superiority may be increased, as they spend more time surrounded by
criminals. 4- Their sense of us versus them will have to be concealed to avoid giving themselves
away. Their need for secrecy may extend to everyone they know to protect their cover, thus
increasing their isolation.
5- Their bravery and ability to deceive are likely to be continually challenged..
Comprehensive AAR Presentation
This was the ICPS3-ICPO, PRO10 Field Training Program's After Activity Report
Rise of the Private Police
Here is a presentation of a white paper I created in 2019 (prior to the pandemic) on the "Rise of the Private Police”. I was asked to present in Beijing, China just when the COVID19 began to impact its major metropolitan cities, but it had to be cancelled.
I cannot find any better time more appropriate than today, when we are watching a large movement of distrust of the police forces, which may provide an opportunity for the private security industry. Accountability and transparency are at the forefront of today’s need for a police force capable of responding to a void that is opening due to the militarization and perceived systemic racism which plagues our police forces. The Private Security industry have set the pace for filling that void and some of our cities may require private security to augment their police functions, when and if it should fail.
Joining the Police: 20 years on
These slides are from a presentation given at the University of Leicester, UK as part of the Careers After Biological Sciences series in March 2010. The speaker, Inspector John Gray, studied Biology at Leicester in the 1980s.
www.biosciencecareers.wordpress.com
Police Jobs in india , Latest vacancies Apply Now
Police Recruitment 2024: Discover and apply for the most recent government police job opportunities in India online. Stay informed about the latest recruitment notifications for positions such as Constable, Sub Inspector (SI), Wardens, CI, and more. Access details like job descriptions, total vacancies, eligibility criteria, salary, educational qualifications, job locations, application procedures, fees, selection processes, and application deadlines for the Police recruitment in 2024.
Stay updated on job vacancies in the Police Department for 2024 and be among the first to know about the latest recruitment notifications for both freshers and experienced candidates. Explore newly announced police recruitment job vacancies for 2024 from the Police Department.
Internship at office of regional police and dpo office sargodha final report ...
this report helps other criminology students in sargodha ..in this report mention all working method of police in different place..i hope so its very helpful for students
(allow for more than one officer to participate, and even shoot.docx
(
allow for more than one officer to participate, and even shoot rubber bullets back at the officers. These simula
tions provide enlightening and realistic training for offi
cers new to the position as well as for those
that
have been working the street for some time.
) (
^^^^
) (
Police training does not end at the recruit level. It is used to update the skills and knowledge base of veteran officers throughout their law enforcement careers.
)In-service training Training that occurs during a police officer's career, usually on a regular basis and usually within the department; often requred by department policy or state mandate.
probationary period The period in the early part of an officer's career in which the officer can be dismissed if not performing to the department's standards.
training programs for officers assigned to new duties. Recently, many of these training opportunities have been offered online. Training units can be developed that can be worked around an officer's schedule. They can be anywhere from 10-minute training segments to use during or after roll call or several hours for a more in-depth discussion of a topic.
Police training generally does not end at the recruit level. In many departments, in-service training is used to regularly update the skills and knowledge
base of veteran officers.
Numerous departments throughout the United States have begun to develop low-cost and effective local and regional community policing training to inculcate community awareness into their recruits and in-service personnel. The U.S. Department of Justice Office of Community Oriented Policing Services (COPS) encourages departments to pursue community policing initiatives and provides links on its website to community policing sites with training opportunities available to law enforcement. It also provides grants and funding to law enforcement agencies.
Probationary Period
(
In-Services, Management, and Specialized Training
Police training generally does not end at the recruit level. In ma
ny departments, is used to regularly update die skills and knowledge base of veteran officers. Because laws and devel
opments in policing are constandy chang
ing, officers need to be kept up to date. Many states have chosen to mandate a required number of
in-service training hours for officers to maintain their state certification. Primarily, diis was done as a way to ensure departments were keep
ing their officers updated on the latest laws and procedures and ensure some degree of uniformity from jurisdict
ion to jurisdiction.
In addition to in-service training, many departments use management training programs to teach supervisory and ma
n
a
geme
nt
skills to newly
promoted supervisors and
managers. Many departments also offer specialized
)A probationary period is the period
of time that a department has to evaluate a new officer's ability to perform his or her job effectively. Generally, a probationary officer can be dismissed at will without ...
Police preparationaustralia vic police recruitments processes- police job pr...
Victoria Police's Official documents that describes what things you require to join this Australian state police. Detailed processes and rules to follow while standing in the recruitment line. Follow these steps and instructions and then proceed to the final step of hiring with !00% satisfied preparation with Police Preparation Australia. Follow us for updated news on our blogs, websites, facbook, twitter and find yourself in the VIC Police this year !
A BLUEPRINT FOR ENHANCING INVESTIGATIVE EXCELLENCE POLICING AS.docx
A BLUEPRINT FOR ENHANCING INVESTIGATIVE EXCELLENCE POLICING AS A TRADECRAFT
Staff Sergeant Dan Jones
Policing today is referred to as a profession. The desire to move off the front line, out of a uniform,
seems to start earlier and earlier in today's police membership. At some point in the last 20 years the
current focus of police organizations moved from investigations to leadership. Not leading
investigatively, but leading people. There are PhD programs in policing leadership, management,
and other forms of getting personnel to believe in and work toward achieving organizational goals.
American businessman Harold Geneen once said, “Leadership cannot be taught. It can only be
learned.” In regard to the foundation of policing and the role of investigative excellence, I provide the
following submissions. Unlike leadership, investigations can and should be taught. A lack of focus on
investigative tradecraft has stunted our ability to learn superior investigative skills, and as a result we
are not serving the public in the best manner possible.
Let me clarify one thing, policing is not a profession, it is a tradecraft. Undergraduate or graduate
degrees do not make you a better investigator. There are no university programs that make a great
investigator. Policing may not be a profession, but in no way does that say or imply that police are
not expected to be professional. It simply means there is an on-the-job learning component, or
apprenticeship. During the police officer's career, it is during the time on patrol that a police officer is
taught the skills necessary to effectively fulfill his or her role. I cannot emphasize enough how this
very important component of police work is being overlooked. The rash of retirements, people
quitting to move on to other jobs prior to retirement, and the desire of members to get out of front-
line policing as soon as possible, results in a lack of skilled investigators. A three-year member as a
patrol training officer has not yet reached the “journeyman” stage in policing and therefore is at a
disadvantage when asked to teach the important skills of investigations. This lack of proper tutelage
in the initial stages of many young police officers' careers has a lasting ripple effect on the entire
service, and we are definitely seeing this in the quality of our investigations today.
The public demands that we be adequate at investigations; I assert we should strive for investigative
excellence. Police organizations, as well as the investigating police members, are liable for
inadequate police investigations as set out in Hill vs. Hamilton-Wentworth. It is time we arm our
police officers with the investigative skills and abilities needed to do the job they have been sworn to
do. The police officer's tool belt should not only contain a sidearm, CEW, and handcuffs, it needs a
working knowledge of the Canadian Criminal Code, interviewing techniques, warrant writing, photo .
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A Strategic Approach: GenAI in Education
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
How libraries can support authors with open access requirements for UKRI fund...
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Wednesday 22 May 2024, 14:00-15:00.
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http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
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Child centred education is an educational approach that priorities the interest, needs and abilities of the child in the learning process.
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- 1. 1. What do Police Officers do?<br />Protect life and property. <br />Patrol assigned areas and enforce the law. <br />Direct traffic. <br />Control crowds at events. <br />Prevent crime. <br />Arrest people who violate the law.<br />2. Where do Police officers work<br />Police patrol officers work in assigned areas outdoors either on foot or in vehicles, while others may ride bicycles. Police work can be dangerous and very stressful. Officers see a lot of violence and suffering and must learn how to deal with that emotionally. The work can be rewarding, however, when the community is protected. Most officers work in eight-hour shifts around the clock, though overtime is not uncommon.<br />3. How much do Police Officers earn?<br />Police Officers earn State Annually Salary from 32,120 to 69,250.<br />4. What type of education do Police Officers need? <br />Though a high school diploma or equivalent, vocational training, and job-related coursework are the minimum formal education requirements for this occupation, some may require an associate degree or a bachelor's degree.<br />5. Where can you find Police Officers in our city<br />You can find Police Officers in their main office or on the street and any location <br />