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Animal LawAnimal Law
New York StateNew York State
Valerie Lang Waldin, J.D., M.L.S.Valerie Lang Waldin, J.D., M.L.S.
Vice President, Responsible Animal Care USAVice President, Responsible Animal Care USA
Why bother?Why bother?
1. We’re talking about both felony and misdemeanor1. We’re talking about both felony and misdemeanor
crimes.crimes.
2. Could lead to discovery of OTHER criminal2. Could lead to discovery of OTHER criminal
activityactivity
3. Concern for:3. Concern for:
New York State’s animal crueltyNew York State’s animal cruelty
law is located in the Agriculturelaw is located in the Agriculture
and Markets Law, Article 26.and Markets Law, Article 26.
So let’s get someSo let’s get some
definitions straight.definitions straight.
Section 350Section 350
 Section 350Section 350 of the New York State Agriculture & Marketof the New York State Agriculture & Market
Law states:Law states: An animal is every living creature except aAn animal is every living creature except a
human being.human being.
Section 350-5: "Section 350-5: "Companion animalCompanion animal" or "" or "petpet" means" means ANY DOG or CATANY DOG or CAT, and shall also mean any other, and shall also mean any other
domesticated animal normally maintained in or near the household of the owner or person who cares for suchdomesticated animal normally maintained in or near the household of the owner or person who cares for such
other domesticated animal.other domesticated animal.
ALL cats are DOMESTICATED -  COMPANION animals by LAWALL cats are DOMESTICATED -  COMPANION animals by LAW..
This is a companion animal.This is a companion animal.
Who enforces Article 26?Who enforces Article 26?
 NYS Agriculture and Markets Law (AGM)NYS Agriculture and Markets Law (AGM)
 Article 26Article 26
 Section 371: “A constable orSection 371: “A constable or police officer MUSTpolice officer MUST
and any agent of a duly incorporated humaneand any agent of a duly incorporated humane
society MAY issue an appearance ticket, summonsociety MAY issue an appearance ticket, summon
or arrest … any person offending against any ofor arrest … any person offending against any of
the provisions of Article 26.”the provisions of Article 26.”
Section 350–2Section 350–2
 ““Torture or Cruelty”Torture or Cruelty”
 EveryEvery ACTACT – Unjustifiable killing, beating,– Unjustifiable killing, beating,
burning, hanging, shooting, etc., ORburning, hanging, shooting, etc., OR
 Omission,Omission, OROR
 NeglectNeglect
 wherebywhereby unjustifiableunjustifiable physical pain,physical pain,
suffering or death issuffering or death is causedcaused oror permittedpermitted..
Misdemeanor - Section 353Misdemeanor - Section 353
§ 353. Overdriving, torturing and injuring animals; failure to provide§ 353. Overdriving, torturing and injuring animals; failure to provide
proper sustenance. A person who overdrives, overloads, torturesproper sustenance. A person who overdrives, overloads, tortures
or cruelly beats oror cruelly beats or unjustifiablyunjustifiably injures, maims, mutilates or kills anyinjures, maims, mutilates or kills any
animal, whetheranimal, whether wild or tamewild or tame, and whether belonging to himself or, and whether belonging to himself or
to another, or deprives any animal of necessary sustenance, foodto another, or deprives any animal of necessary sustenance, food
or drink, or neglects or refuses to furnish it such sustenance oror drink, or neglects or refuses to furnish it such sustenance or
drink, or causes, procures or permits any animal to be overdriven,drink, or causes, procures or permits any animal to be overdriven,
overloaded, tortured, cruelly beaten, or unjustifiably injured,overloaded, tortured, cruelly beaten, or unjustifiably injured,
maimed, mutilated or killed, or to be deprived of necessary food ormaimed, mutilated or killed, or to be deprived of necessary food or
drink, or who wilfully sets on foot, instigates, engages in,drink, or who wilfully sets on foot, instigates, engages in, or in anyor in any
way furthers any act of cruelty to any animal, or any act tending toway furthers any act of cruelty to any animal, or any act tending to
produce such crueltyproduce such cruelty, is guilty of a class A misdemeanor., is guilty of a class A misdemeanor.
1.1. Applies to ANY animal – whether wild or tame. Overloading can apply toApplies to ANY animal – whether wild or tame. Overloading can apply to
pit bulls carrying heavy weights for conditioning.pit bulls carrying heavy weights for conditioning.
2.2. This is the section used most often.This is the section used most often.
Failure to provide properFailure to provide proper
sustenancesustenance
Situations that lead to neglect:Situations that lead to neglect:
Animal hoardersAnimal hoarders Cat colonyCat colony
Buster’s LawBuster’s Law
Buster beforeBuster before Aggravated CrueltyAggravated Cruelty
FelonyFelony
§ 353-a. Aggravated cruelty to§ 353-a. Aggravated cruelty to
animals. 1. A person is guiltyanimals. 1. A person is guilty
of aggravated cruelty toof aggravated cruelty to
animals when, with noanimals when, with no
justifiable purpose, he or shejustifiable purpose, he or she
intentionally kills orintentionally kills or
intentionally causes seriousintentionally causes serious
physical injuryphysical injury to ato a companioncompanion
animalanimal with aggravatedwith aggravated
cruelty. For purposes of thiscruelty. For purposes of this
section, "aggravated cruelty"section, "aggravated cruelty"
shall mean conduct which:shall mean conduct which: (i)(i)
is intendedis intended
to cause extreme physicalto cause extreme physical
pain;pain; oror (ii) is done or carried(ii) is done or carried
out in an especially depravedout in an especially depraved
or sadistic manner.or sadistic manner.
Felony Animal CrueltyFelony Animal Cruelty
Cat shot with arrowCat shot with arrow Cat sacrificed and hungCat sacrificed and hung
Abandonment of Animals -Abandonment of Animals -
Section 355Section 355
 Owner or possessorOwner or possessor – abandons an– abandons an
animal (from a dwelling or drops it out of aanimal (from a dwelling or drops it out of a
vehicle into the street)vehicle into the street)
 Or – leaves it to lie in the street forOr – leaves it to lie in the street for moremore
than 3 hours after being notified.than 3 hours after being notified.
All cats areAll cats are domesticated, companion animalsdomesticated, companion animals by law.by law.
Domestication means that theyDomestication means that they should be under the control of humansshould be under the control of humans or this isor this is
what the result might be:what the result might be:
Cohoes, NY - August 2017Cohoes, NY - August 2017
Section 373 – Seizure ofSection 373 – Seizure of
AnimalsAnimals
 EXIGENT circumstancesEXIGENT circumstances
 OrOr, if for more than, if for more than 12 successive hours12 successive hours hashas
been kept in crowded or unhealthy conditions,been kept in crowded or unhealthy conditions,
oror ––
 Not properly cared for,Not properly cared for, oror --
 Without necessary sustenance, food or drinkWithout necessary sustenance, food or drink
 Provided that aProvided that a Search WarrantSearch Warrant is issuedis issued
Humane destruction or disposition ofHumane destruction or disposition of animals lost,animals lost,
strayed, homeless, abandonedstrayed, homeless, abandoned, improperly confined or, improperly confined or
keptkept
 Section 374-5Section 374-5 -- No person shall release any dog or catNo person shall release any dog or cat from the custodyfrom the custody
of any pound, shelter, SPCA, humane society, animal protectionof any pound, shelter, SPCA, humane society, animal protection
association, dog control officer, peace officer or agent thereof, for anyassociation, dog control officer, peace officer or agent thereof, for any
purposepurpose except adoption or redemption by its ownerexcept adoption or redemption by its owner..
 Any violation of this subdivision shall constitute aAny violation of this subdivision shall constitute a misdemeanormisdemeanor and shall beand shall be
punishable by imprisonment for not more than one year, or by a fine of notpunishable by imprisonment for not more than one year, or by a fine of not
more than one thousand dollars, or bothmore than one thousand dollars, or both..
 Governor veto 2015Governor veto 2015
NYS Vehicle & Traffic Law, Section 601:NYS Vehicle & Traffic Law, Section 601: Any person operating a motor vehicleAny person operating a motor vehicle
which shall strike any cattle, horse, dog orwhich shall strike any cattle, horse, dog or CATCAT shall stop and endeavor to locate theshall stop and endeavor to locate the
ownerowner or report it to a police or peace officer.or report it to a police or peace officer.
What if there is no owner?What if there is no owner?
Feeding stray cats attracts wildlife, and wildlife can becomeFeeding stray cats attracts wildlife, and wildlife can become
a nuisancea nuisance (NYS Dept. Environmental Conservation).(NYS Dept. Environmental Conservation).
Environmental ConservationEnvironmental Conservation 11-0529
Cats hunting birds
  1. Any person
over the age of
twenty-one years
possessing a
hunting license
may, and
environmental
conservation
officers and
peace officers,
acting pursuant
to their special
duties, or police
officers shall
humanely destroy
cats at large
NY Agriculture and Markets Law, Article 7 - Dog Control
 The owner of anyThe owner of any dogdog
reaching the age ofreaching the age of
four monthsfour months shallshall
immediately makeimmediately make
application for a dogapplication for a dog
licenselicense..
 New York State to NoNew York State to No
Longer AdministerLonger Administer
Dog Licenses in 2011Dog Licenses in 2011
Cats are domestic, companion animals.Cats are domestic, companion animals.
Given our responsibility to manage cats to reduce threats to nativeGiven our responsibility to manage cats to reduce threats to native
biodiversity, we must explore new management options and affordbiodiversity, we must explore new management options and afford
cats the same legal protection as dogs, including licensing andcats the same legal protection as dogs, including licensing and
animalanimal control.control.
langval730@gmail.comlangval730@gmail.com
518.478.1505518.478.1505

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Key Animal Laws in NYS Pertaining to Cats

  • 1. Animal LawAnimal Law New York StateNew York State Valerie Lang Waldin, J.D., M.L.S.Valerie Lang Waldin, J.D., M.L.S. Vice President, Responsible Animal Care USAVice President, Responsible Animal Care USA
  • 2. Why bother?Why bother? 1. We’re talking about both felony and misdemeanor1. We’re talking about both felony and misdemeanor crimes.crimes. 2. Could lead to discovery of OTHER criminal2. Could lead to discovery of OTHER criminal activityactivity 3. Concern for:3. Concern for:
  • 3. New York State’s animal crueltyNew York State’s animal cruelty law is located in the Agriculturelaw is located in the Agriculture and Markets Law, Article 26.and Markets Law, Article 26. So let’s get someSo let’s get some definitions straight.definitions straight.
  • 4. Section 350Section 350  Section 350Section 350 of the New York State Agriculture & Marketof the New York State Agriculture & Market Law states:Law states: An animal is every living creature except aAn animal is every living creature except a human being.human being.
  • 5. Section 350-5: "Section 350-5: "Companion animalCompanion animal" or "" or "petpet" means" means ANY DOG or CATANY DOG or CAT, and shall also mean any other, and shall also mean any other domesticated animal normally maintained in or near the household of the owner or person who cares for suchdomesticated animal normally maintained in or near the household of the owner or person who cares for such other domesticated animal.other domesticated animal. ALL cats are DOMESTICATED -  COMPANION animals by LAWALL cats are DOMESTICATED -  COMPANION animals by LAW..
  • 6. This is a companion animal.This is a companion animal.
  • 7. Who enforces Article 26?Who enforces Article 26?  NYS Agriculture and Markets Law (AGM)NYS Agriculture and Markets Law (AGM)  Article 26Article 26  Section 371: “A constable orSection 371: “A constable or police officer MUSTpolice officer MUST and any agent of a duly incorporated humaneand any agent of a duly incorporated humane society MAY issue an appearance ticket, summonsociety MAY issue an appearance ticket, summon or arrest … any person offending against any ofor arrest … any person offending against any of the provisions of Article 26.”the provisions of Article 26.”
  • 8. Section 350–2Section 350–2  ““Torture or Cruelty”Torture or Cruelty”  EveryEvery ACTACT – Unjustifiable killing, beating,– Unjustifiable killing, beating, burning, hanging, shooting, etc., ORburning, hanging, shooting, etc., OR  Omission,Omission, OROR  NeglectNeglect  wherebywhereby unjustifiableunjustifiable physical pain,physical pain, suffering or death issuffering or death is causedcaused oror permittedpermitted..
  • 9. Misdemeanor - Section 353Misdemeanor - Section 353 § 353. Overdriving, torturing and injuring animals; failure to provide§ 353. Overdriving, torturing and injuring animals; failure to provide proper sustenance. A person who overdrives, overloads, torturesproper sustenance. A person who overdrives, overloads, tortures or cruelly beats oror cruelly beats or unjustifiablyunjustifiably injures, maims, mutilates or kills anyinjures, maims, mutilates or kills any animal, whetheranimal, whether wild or tamewild or tame, and whether belonging to himself or, and whether belonging to himself or to another, or deprives any animal of necessary sustenance, foodto another, or deprives any animal of necessary sustenance, food or drink, or neglects or refuses to furnish it such sustenance oror drink, or neglects or refuses to furnish it such sustenance or drink, or causes, procures or permits any animal to be overdriven,drink, or causes, procures or permits any animal to be overdriven, overloaded, tortured, cruelly beaten, or unjustifiably injured,overloaded, tortured, cruelly beaten, or unjustifiably injured, maimed, mutilated or killed, or to be deprived of necessary food ormaimed, mutilated or killed, or to be deprived of necessary food or drink, or who wilfully sets on foot, instigates, engages in,drink, or who wilfully sets on foot, instigates, engages in, or in anyor in any way furthers any act of cruelty to any animal, or any act tending toway furthers any act of cruelty to any animal, or any act tending to produce such crueltyproduce such cruelty, is guilty of a class A misdemeanor., is guilty of a class A misdemeanor. 1.1. Applies to ANY animal – whether wild or tame. Overloading can apply toApplies to ANY animal – whether wild or tame. Overloading can apply to pit bulls carrying heavy weights for conditioning.pit bulls carrying heavy weights for conditioning. 2.2. This is the section used most often.This is the section used most often.
  • 10. Failure to provide properFailure to provide proper sustenancesustenance
  • 11.
  • 12.
  • 13. Situations that lead to neglect:Situations that lead to neglect: Animal hoardersAnimal hoarders Cat colonyCat colony
  • 14. Buster’s LawBuster’s Law Buster beforeBuster before Aggravated CrueltyAggravated Cruelty FelonyFelony § 353-a. Aggravated cruelty to§ 353-a. Aggravated cruelty to animals. 1. A person is guiltyanimals. 1. A person is guilty of aggravated cruelty toof aggravated cruelty to animals when, with noanimals when, with no justifiable purpose, he or shejustifiable purpose, he or she intentionally kills orintentionally kills or intentionally causes seriousintentionally causes serious physical injuryphysical injury to ato a companioncompanion animalanimal with aggravatedwith aggravated cruelty. For purposes of thiscruelty. For purposes of this section, "aggravated cruelty"section, "aggravated cruelty" shall mean conduct which:shall mean conduct which: (i)(i) is intendedis intended to cause extreme physicalto cause extreme physical pain;pain; oror (ii) is done or carried(ii) is done or carried out in an especially depravedout in an especially depraved or sadistic manner.or sadistic manner.
  • 15. Felony Animal CrueltyFelony Animal Cruelty Cat shot with arrowCat shot with arrow Cat sacrificed and hungCat sacrificed and hung
  • 16. Abandonment of Animals -Abandonment of Animals - Section 355Section 355  Owner or possessorOwner or possessor – abandons an– abandons an animal (from a dwelling or drops it out of aanimal (from a dwelling or drops it out of a vehicle into the street)vehicle into the street)  Or – leaves it to lie in the street forOr – leaves it to lie in the street for moremore than 3 hours after being notified.than 3 hours after being notified.
  • 17. All cats areAll cats are domesticated, companion animalsdomesticated, companion animals by law.by law. Domestication means that theyDomestication means that they should be under the control of humansshould be under the control of humans or this isor this is what the result might be:what the result might be:
  • 18.
  • 19. Cohoes, NY - August 2017Cohoes, NY - August 2017
  • 20. Section 373 – Seizure ofSection 373 – Seizure of AnimalsAnimals  EXIGENT circumstancesEXIGENT circumstances  OrOr, if for more than, if for more than 12 successive hours12 successive hours hashas been kept in crowded or unhealthy conditions,been kept in crowded or unhealthy conditions, oror ––  Not properly cared for,Not properly cared for, oror --  Without necessary sustenance, food or drinkWithout necessary sustenance, food or drink  Provided that aProvided that a Search WarrantSearch Warrant is issuedis issued
  • 21. Humane destruction or disposition ofHumane destruction or disposition of animals lost,animals lost, strayed, homeless, abandonedstrayed, homeless, abandoned, improperly confined or, improperly confined or keptkept  Section 374-5Section 374-5 -- No person shall release any dog or catNo person shall release any dog or cat from the custodyfrom the custody of any pound, shelter, SPCA, humane society, animal protectionof any pound, shelter, SPCA, humane society, animal protection association, dog control officer, peace officer or agent thereof, for anyassociation, dog control officer, peace officer or agent thereof, for any purposepurpose except adoption or redemption by its ownerexcept adoption or redemption by its owner..  Any violation of this subdivision shall constitute aAny violation of this subdivision shall constitute a misdemeanormisdemeanor and shall beand shall be punishable by imprisonment for not more than one year, or by a fine of notpunishable by imprisonment for not more than one year, or by a fine of not more than one thousand dollars, or bothmore than one thousand dollars, or both..  Governor veto 2015Governor veto 2015
  • 22. NYS Vehicle & Traffic Law, Section 601:NYS Vehicle & Traffic Law, Section 601: Any person operating a motor vehicleAny person operating a motor vehicle which shall strike any cattle, horse, dog orwhich shall strike any cattle, horse, dog or CATCAT shall stop and endeavor to locate theshall stop and endeavor to locate the ownerowner or report it to a police or peace officer.or report it to a police or peace officer. What if there is no owner?What if there is no owner?
  • 23. Feeding stray cats attracts wildlife, and wildlife can becomeFeeding stray cats attracts wildlife, and wildlife can become a nuisancea nuisance (NYS Dept. Environmental Conservation).(NYS Dept. Environmental Conservation).
  • 24. Environmental ConservationEnvironmental Conservation 11-0529 Cats hunting birds   1. Any person over the age of twenty-one years possessing a hunting license may, and environmental conservation officers and peace officers, acting pursuant to their special duties, or police officers shall humanely destroy cats at large
  • 25. NY Agriculture and Markets Law, Article 7 - Dog Control  The owner of anyThe owner of any dogdog reaching the age ofreaching the age of four monthsfour months shallshall immediately makeimmediately make application for a dogapplication for a dog licenselicense..  New York State to NoNew York State to No Longer AdministerLonger Administer Dog Licenses in 2011Dog Licenses in 2011
  • 26. Cats are domestic, companion animals.Cats are domestic, companion animals. Given our responsibility to manage cats to reduce threats to nativeGiven our responsibility to manage cats to reduce threats to native biodiversity, we must explore new management options and affordbiodiversity, we must explore new management options and afford cats the same legal protection as dogs, including licensing andcats the same legal protection as dogs, including licensing and animalanimal control.control.

Editor's Notes

  1. Also includes dumping a cat or dog on the street. If the animal becomes injured, can fall under with 353a or b – if companion animal.
  2. Refer to Search Warrants. Contact local vets, Animal Control, Kennel owners, Ag. & Mkts for assistance. Police Animal Control Humane organizations/SPCAs Veterinarians Private individuals & rescues SPCA or Humane Society in the county where the seizure occurred should be the “seizing agency”.
  3. Licensing would pay for itself. Cats (invasive species) should be kept under control (Gail, Dr. Davis).
  4. They never become wild; it is biologically impossible. Lead in to Gail, TNR, etc.