Kerala has a tropical climate with high rainfall. It receives heavy rainfall from June to August during the monsoon season, while temperatures range from 28C to 32C. Traditional Kerala architecture uses teak wood and features large verandahs, pillars, and gopurams or temple towers that are ornately carved. Some important art forms of Kerala include Kathakali dance drama, Theyyam ritual arts, and festivals like Onam, Thrissur Pooram, and boat races.

1. [ARM – 307]
DESIGN
Submitted to:
Ar. Mallaika Caprihan
Ar. Prateek Kannauji
Ar. Dhruv Sharma
Submitted by:
Arpita
2201948
B. Arch IIIrd Sem

3. CLIMATE:
 located in the southwest corner of India.
 It is a small state, constituting only about 1 percent of the total area
of the country.
 Area 15,005 square miles (38,863 square km).
 Kerala is located between north latitudes 8 degree 18' and 12
degree 48' and east longitudes 74 degree 52' and 72 degree 22’.
OVERVIEW:
 Tropical monsoon with seasonally excessive rainfall and hot
summer except over Thiruvananthapuram district.
 The average daytime temperature ranges from 82F to 90F (28C to
32C) on the plains, but drops to about 68F (20C) in the highlands.
 Kerala features a wet maritime climate and experiences heavy
rains during the summer monsoon season (June to August), while
in the east a drier tropical climate prevails.
 Kerala receives copious rain (average 3000 mm a year )each year.

4. WOODEN PILLARS:
A pillar/column is an upright structural support that is round in section. In classical architecture, columns have three parts: a
base, shaft, and capital, and have a form that tapers from bottom to top. Columns in the five classical orders have distinct
characteristics of increasing complexity, but in historical practice, elements from more than one order are likely to be mixed on a
single column; this is especially true for non-architect-designed housing built at the end of the nineteenth century.
The pillars of a Chettinad house are often Burma teak, and they come in various designs. They are often placed in the front
courtyard to show off the wealth of the family.
Most Chettinad homes feature large, shady verandahs that connect the inside of the house with outside spaces. These spaces
are a great source of natural light and cross-ventilation. They are also important in keeping the rooms cool during hot summers.
They are also very sturdy, so you can rest assured that they will last a lifetime. However, they are prone to rust and oxidation,
which makes it vital to maintain them on a regular basis.

5. HOUSE BOATS:
Traditionally known as Ketuvallam, a Kerala houseboat is a country boat that initially was used for the purpose of transportation of
goods to the remote areas that were surrounded by waters. A kettuvallam is about 100 feet in length and has a width of around 13
feet in the middle. The materials that go into the making are local and ecofriendly; bamboo poles, coconut fibre, ropes, bamboo
mats, carpets etc.

6. GOPURAMS or GOPURA:
A gopuram or gopura is a monumental entrance tower, usually ornate, at the entrance of a Hindu temple, in the South Indian
architecture of the southern Indian states of Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Kerala, Karnataka, and Telangana, and Sri Lanka. In
other areas of India they are much more modest, while in Southern Indian temples they are very often by far the highest part of
the temple.
A gopuram is usually a tapering oblong in form with ground-level wooden doors, often richly decorated, providing access. Above
is the tapering or "battered" gopuram, divided into many storeys (talas), which diminish in size as the gopuram tower narrows.
Gopurams are exquisitely decorated with sculpture and carvings and painted with a variety of themes derived from the Hindu
mythology, particularly those associated with the presiding deity of the temple where the gopuram is located.

7. PERFORM ARTS:
PADAYANI THEYYAM KATHAKALI OTTAN TULLAL
PADAYANI: Padayani, also known Padeni (from the Malayalam word for military formations), is a traditional folk dance and a ritual art[1] from
the central portion of the Indian state of Kerala. A ceremonial dance involving masks, it is an ancient ritual performed in Bhagavati temples.
THEYYAM: Theyyam are Hindu ritual practiced in northern Kerala and some parts of Karnataka. Theyyam is also known
as Kaḷiyāṭṭaṁ or Tiṟa. Theyyam consists of traditions, rituals and customs associated with temples and sacred groves of Malabar.
KATHAKALI: Kathakali is a blend of dance, music and acting and dramatizes stories, which are mostly adapted from the Indian epics. It is a
stylised art form, the four aspects of abhinaya – angika, aharya, vachika, satvika and the nritta, nritya and natya aspects are combined
perfectly.
OTTAN TULLAL: Ottan Thullal is a recite-and-dance art-form of Kerala, India. It was introduced in the eighteenth century by Kunchan
Nambiara, prominent Malayalam poet The folksy performance, often laced with humour intended at criticism of society.

8. ORNAMENTATION:
 An ornament is a form of decorative detail that is elegant enough to beautify and symbolize any object as a part of it.
 Ornamentation gives imagery of grandeur and royalty, especially in the older times, and with that, it made a mark of
its symbolic, functional, and even cultural value.
 ornamentation, in architecture, applied embellishment in various styles that is a distinguishing characteristic of buildings,
furniture, and household items.
 Ornamentation often occurs on entablatures, columns, and the tops of buildings and around entryways and windows,
especially in the form of moldings.

9. FESTIVALS:
THE TRISSUR PURAM: It is an annual Hindu temple festival held in Thrissur, Kerala, India. It is held at the Vadakkunnathan
(Shiva) Temple in Thrissur every year on the Pooram.
BOAT RACE: It also known as Vallam kali is a traditional boat race in Kerala, India. It is a form of canoe racing, and uses paddled
war canoes..
CHETTIKULNGARA KUMBHA BHARANI: It is a festival celebrated every year at the Chettikulangara Devi
Temple, Chettikulangara, Alappuzha district, Kerala.
ONAM: It is a harvest festival celebrated in Kerala. It also marks the return of King Mahabali/Maveli in Kerala, as the demon king
once ruled the state. According to mythology, the kind-hearted King Mahabali defeated the Gods and began ruling over all three
worlds.
BOAT RACE
TRISSUR POORAM CHETTIKULNGARA ONAM

10. RANGOLIS:
Rangoli is an art of decoration drawn on the floor or the entrances of homes.It is believed that a Hindu household without a
clean entrance and rangoli is an abode of daridra (bad luck). The purpose of rangoli is beyond decoration.

11. REFERENCE:
https://peppertrail.com/naalukettu-a-magnificent-tradition-of-domestic-architecture
https://www.britannica.com/place/Kerala
https://www.re-thinkingthefuture.com/
https://nykdaily.com/2023/04/history-of-chettinad-pillars-in-tamil-homes
https://www.chidambaravilas.com/blog/the-story-behind-the-chettinad-wooden-pillars
http://www.kerala-tourism.org/climate-of-kerala/
https://keralatourism.travel/kerala-climate-and-seasons
https://www.thomascook.in/blog/architectural-wonders-in-kerala