2. Managers and communication are two concepts that are intertwined and very important in
the world of business and organizations. As a manager, effective communication skills are
critical to achieving organizational goals and leading teams efficiently.
Here is the relationship between managers and communication:
• Leadership tools (Communication is an important tool for a
manager in leading his team. Managers need to use effective
communication to convey vision, mission, goals, and expectations
to team members)
• Decision Making(Managers need to communicate with team
members, superiors and other relevant parties to gather
information, consider options and decide on the right course of
action)
• Task Delegation (Managers need to use communication to
delegate tasks to team members. Clear and purposeful
communication can help avoid confusion or misunderstanding of
each team member's duties and responsibilities)
• Conflict Resolution (Communication also plays an important role
in conflict resolution in the work environment. As a manager, the
ability to communicate tactfully, listen with empathy, and seek
win-win solutions can help resolve conflicts between members of
different teams or departments)
3. 15.1 define the nature and function
of communication
● Process
● Interactive
● Diverse
● Contextual
● Purpose
Nature of Communication Communication Function
• Information Delivery
• Emotional Espression
• Influence
• Problem Solving
• Relationship Building
• Socialization
4. 15.2 interpersonal communication methods used in interactions
between individuals.
Face-to-Face Communication
• Comparison: Face-to-face communication methods allow
communicators to interact directly, involving the use of verbal and
nonverbal language such as facial expressions, body movements,
and eye contact. Face-to-face communication can be more intimate,
personalized, and can better convey emotions.
• Differences: Face-to-face communication methods require the
physical presence of both communicating parties in the same
location. This method may not be efficient if the two parties are far
apart or have time or cost constraints.
• Comparison: The telephone communication method allows
communicators to speak directly over the phone, without having to
be physically in the same place. This saves time and money, and
allows for long-distance communication.
• Differences: Telephone communication methods do not involve
body language or eye contact, so nonverbal information cannot be
received. Also, there can sometimes be ambiguity or
misunderstanding in voice communication without visual context.
Telephone Communication
5. Virtual communication (Video Conference)
• Comparison: Written communication methods involve the use of
writing in the form of letters, emails, or text messages. This method
can be used to convey information in a detailed, clear, and
defensible manner as written evidence.
• Differences: Written communication methods do not involve direct
contact between the communicator and the recipient of the message.
Written messages can also be prone to misinterpretation or
vagueness if they are not well written and do not provide enough
context.
Social Media Communication
Comparison: Social media communication methods allow
communicators to interact through social media platforms such as
Facebook, Twitter, or Instagram. These methods can reach a wider
audience and make it possible to share information in various formats
such as text, images, and videos.
Differences: Social media communication methods are often public
and can expose messages to a large number of people. In addition,
messages delivered through social media can be difficult to control, can
be misunderstood, or can be influenced by various external factors such
as comments or responses from other users.
Comparison: Virtual communication methods allow communicators to
interact directly through video conferencing technology, which can
include the use of audio, video, and body language.
Written Communication
6. 15.3 barriers to effective interpersonal communication and how to
overcome them.
Barriers in effective interpersonal communication can hinder the understanding and clarity of the message conveyed, as well
as disrupt relationships between individuals. there are several common barriers encountered in interpersonal communication,
among others:
• Physical Interference: Physical distractions such as noise,
technical glitches in the communication medium, or long physical
distances can hinder the understanding of the message being
conveyed.
The way to overcome this is to find a quiet and distraction-free
environment, ensure that communication equipment is working
properly, and choose a communication method that suits the
situation.
• Language and Cultural Differences: Differences in language,
cultural background, or values can hinder proper understanding and
interpretation of messages
The way to overcome this is by using clear language, avoiding the
use of complex vocabulary or expressions, accommodating cultural
differences by appreciating and understanding the other party's
perspective, and asking questions or clarifying when necessary.
7. • Emotional Disorders: Emotions such as anxiety, anger, or frustration
can affect effective interpersonal communication. Strong emotions
can block understanding and interfere with healthy communication
The way to overcome this is by managing emotions wisely, allowing
time and space to diffuse emotions before continuing
communication, and using an empathetic and understanding
approach to communication.
• Lack of Communication Skills: Lack of communication skills, such
as lack of active listening skills, lack of ability to express oneself
clearly, or lack of ability to read body language, can hinder effective
interpersonal communication.
The way to overcome this is to develop good communication skills
through training or learning, practicing active listening, using clear
and structured language, and paying attention to the body language
of the communicator and receiver of the message.
• Different Perceptions and Interpretations: Each individual has
different perceptions and interpretations of the messages received.
These differences can lead to misunderstandings or incorrect
interpretations.
The way to overcome this is to clarify and ensure mutual
understanding of the message, avoid false assumptions, and
communicate carefully to avoid misinterpretation.
8. 15.4 effective communication in organizations
Effective communication in organizations is essential for achieving common goals, building good
relationships between team members, and avoiding misunderstandings and conflicts. Here are some ways
how communication can flow most effectively in organizations:
Open and Transparent Communication: Open and transparent
communication involves honest and complete information sharing
between team members, with no unnecessary withholding of
information or secrets.
Goal-Based Communication: Effective communication in an
organization should be aligned with the goals and vision of the
organization. The messages conveyed should be relevant, consistent,
and support the achievement of organizational goals.
Two-Way Communication: Effective communication in
organizations involves a two-way interaction between the sender
and receiver of the message. In addition to conveying the message,
the communicator must listen carefully to the responses or questions
from the receiver of the message.
Scheduled Communication: Effective communication in
organizations should be well scheduled and organized. Regular
meetings, use of a communication calendar or agenda, and
appropriate timing of communication can help ensure that
communication takes place in a regular and timely manner.
Verifiable Communication: Effective communication should be
verifiable or traceable. The use of written communication tools su
as emails or official documents can be a reference to verify the
messages conveyed and avoid
9. 15.5 technology affects managerial and organizational communication
Faster and more efficient communication: With email, instant
messaging, video conferencing, and other online communication
tools, communication between managers and organization members
is faster and more efficient.
More global and cross-border communication: Technology has
enabled organizations to become more global in scale and scope.
Diversification of communication tools: Technology has provided a
large selection of different communication tools, such as email,
social media platforms, instant messaging apps, and online
collaboration tools.
Faster and wider access to information: With the internet,
information can be accessed quickly and widely.
Kolaborasi online: Teknologi memungkinkan kolaborasi online
antara manajer dan anggota organisasi yang berada di lokasi yang
berbeda
10. 15.6 contemporary issues in communication that are a topic of
conversation and concern in the current world context
1. Disinformation and hoaxes (inaccurate or false information)
2. Data privacy and security
3. Multicultural and multilingual communication
4. Communication ethics
5. Overload informasi
6. Virtual and remote communication
