1. Kazakhstan is a large country in Central Asia with a population of 15.3 million. It has significant oil, gas, and mineral resources. 2. Kazakhstan has a long history as part of various empires and gained independence in 1991 after being part of the Soviet Union. It has a diverse ethnic makeup and was significantly affected by Soviet policies. 3. The presentation covered various topics about Kazakhstan including its political system, economy centered around oil and gas exports, traditional cuisine and outfits, and musical instruments.

1. Presentation on Kazakhstan Studium Generale MLB Class of 2008 28th April 2008, Hamburg

2. Agenda 1. Facts & Figures 1 2. Kazakhstan History 3 5. Cuisine 12 7. Musical Instruments and Music 17 3. Political and Legal System 5 6. Kazakh Outfits and Yurta 14 4. Economics and Trade 8

3. Continent: Eurasia Region: Central Asia Country: Kazakhstan Capital: Astana Population: 15.3 m (2008) Workforce: 8.15 m GDP: $161.2 bn (2007) Inflation: 6.9 % (2004) Unemployment: 7.4 % (2006) Natural Resources: oil, gas, coal, minerals, fresh water Literacy Rate: 99.5% Facts & Figures Astana Kazakhstan is the 9th country in the world by territory (2.7 million km²) It is equivalent to the size of Western Europe Source: CIA World Factbook

4. Agenda 1. Facts & Figures 1 5. Cuisine 12 7. Musical Instruments and Music 17 3. Political and Legal System 5 6. Kazakh Outfits and Yurta 14 4. Economics and Trade 8 2. Kazakhstan History 3

5. Kazakhstan History Kazakhstan... has borders with Russia, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan and China lost 22% of its population from 1926 to 1939 due to starvation (collectivization), violence and massive migration experienced the first nuclear weapons testing (1949) in Semipalatinsk region (Central Kazakhstan) during the Soviet time has 3 major tribal divisions: Uli Zhuz – Cattle Breeders (‚Cane‘); Orta Zhuz – Writers (‚Pen‘); Kishi Zhuz – Warriors (‚Spare‘) in 1986 has undergone the change of the government from Kunaev to Kolbin that brought a lot of tension among youth in 1991, on the 16 December, gained independence from Russia has a spacebase ‚Baikonur‘ located in Central Kazakhstan, nowadays Russia is renting the spacebase out dates as far back as 1456 with the establishment of the Kazakh Kaganate on the banks of Zhetisu River. It existed until 1731 history from 1731 has seen Kalmyks (Djungars and Oirats) occupying Kazakh territory from east. Russians seized the territory in 1917, Alash Autonomy from Russia was formed and existed for over two years, then Bolsheviks came into power in 1920

6. Agenda 1. Facts & Figures 1 5. Cuisine 12 7. Musical Instruments and Music 17 6. Kazakh Outfits and Yurta 14 4. Economics and Trade 8 2. Kazakhstan History 3 3. Political and Legal System 6

7. Political and Legal System Unitary state with the presidential form of government President elected every 7 years by direct, universal suffrage Head of the Executive Power: Government Head of the Government: Prime Minister Judicial Branch consists of Supreme Courts (44 members) and Constitutional Councils (7 members) Political Decisions are approved by President, Government and the Parliament The main principles of independence and the political system were declared by the first Constitution of the Republic of Kazakhstan adopted in January 1993 and approved by the referendum in August 1995 Foreign Policy Issues: Russian Federation – oil and gas reserves claims, territorial claims as well as political/military support China - pipeline from the Caspian Sea, but also territory and fresh water. „To defeat your enemy, do so from the inside“ The United States of America - the integration of democractic governance in Kazakhstan Uzbekistan – „Thank you for drying up the Aral Sea“, drugs transport, politically unstable situation, high level of poverty Bicameral Parliament Maslikhat (Senate) Majilis (Lower House) 39 seats 77 seats appoints 7 Senators President

8. Agenda 1. Facts & Figures 1 5. Cuisine 12 7. Music 17 6. Culture and Traditions 14 4. Economics and Trade 8 2. Kazakhstan History 3 3. Political and Legal System 6

9. Kazakhstan Oil & Gas Pipelines I Planned Kazakh-China Oil Pipeline, Length: 3 000 km, Investment: USD 700 m Major Oil Reserves of Kazakhstan Tengiz Oilfield – 6 to 9 billion barrels Kashagan Oilfield – 7 to 9 billion recoverable (estimated at 38 billion) barrels Kurmangazy Oilfield – 7.33 billion barrels North Buzachi Oilfield – 1.5 billion barrels 1 barrel of oil = 158.98 liters World Oil Demand Forecast (year) 2000 2010 2020 (mln b/d) 77.5 95.9 116.1 Kazakhstan ’s Total Oil Reserves: 36 – 65 billion barrels

10. Kazakhstan Oil & Gas Pipelines II Existing and Planned Oil Pipelines Legend: _________ Existing _ _ _ _ _ _ Planned

11. Kazakhstan Oil & Gas Pipelines III Existing and Planned Gas Pipelines Legend: _________ Existing _ _ _ _ _ _ Planned Reserves of natural gas Turkmenistan (2004): 20.4 trillion cubic meters Uzbekistan: 66.2 trillion cubic meters (top 5 gas reserves of the world) Cubic meter of gas means Heating a home for 1 hour Wash your hands 50 times Clean the dishes 6 times 3 showers 6 hot meals 1 bath World Gas Demand Forecast (year) 2000 2010 2020 (mln b/d) 47 65 85 (trln cbm) 2.65 3.74 4.86

12. Agenda 1. Facts & Figures 1 5. Cuisine 12 7. Musical Instruments and Music 17 6. Kazakh Outfits and Yurta 14 4. Economics and Trade 8 2. Kazakhstan History 3 3. Political and Legal System 6

13. Kazakh Cuisine Lagman, Dungan Dish Kazi Manti in a steam cooker Kumis (Goat Milk) Beshbarmak P L O V

14. Agenda 1. Facts & Figures 1 5. Cuisine 12 7. Musical Instruments and Music 17 6. Kazakh Outfits and Yurta 14 4. Economics and Trade 8 2. Kazakhstan History 3 3. Political and Legal System 6

15. Traditional Kazakh Outfits Chapan Religion Islam: (Sunni Muslim mainly) 47 % Russian Orthodox Christian: 44% Protestant Christian: 2 % M A L A K A I

16. Traditional Kazakh Yurta

17. Agenda 1. Facts & Figures 1 5. Cuisine 12 7. Musical Instruments and Music 17 6. Kazakh Outfits and Yurta 14 4. Economics and Trade 8 2. Kazakhstan History 3 3. Political and Legal System 6

18. Musical Instruments http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5WxLJU8qR8A Shyn Narkobyz Kobyz Dombra