The document describes a study investigating the use of kapok fibre to remove lead ions from water. Kapok fibre was treated with sodium pyrosulfite to improve its affinity for lead ions. Experiments examined the effect of pH, adsorbent dosage, and concentration on lead ion uptake. Testing showed that kapok fibre effectively removed lead from water and could help prevent the toxic effects of lead in drinking water. The aim was to develop an inexpensive filter using kapok fibre to purify water by absorbing bacteria and eliminating harmful lead ions.

1. KAPOK FIBRE
FILTER TO REMOVE
LEAD
By- Manish Kumar Negi ( 10BTD5090018)

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Abstract
• Water waste generated from many industries contains a number of heavy
metals which have significant toxic effect.
• The industrial & Domestic wastes responsible for various damages to the
environment adversely affect the health of the human population.
• In this study , investigation of the adsorption of lead ion (pb2+) on kapok fibre
was performed.

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• For this purpose , Kapok fibre were treated with sodium pyrosulfite
(Na2S2O5) for improving the affinity.The needle punched fabrics
were made from parallel laid webs.
• Studied results indicated that uptake performance of kapok fibre
significantly changed with pH , adsorb dosage & concentration.
• . Lead ion is considered to be predominantly more harmful and toxic
when compared with other metal ions

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Introduction
❑ waste waters contain heavy metals such as Chromium, Lead , Cadmium etc.
❑ heavy metal ions remaining in the drinking water are harmful and toxic to our health.
❑ Drinking those that contain lead ions for a long term, even if in a very low concentration
could lead to wide range of spectrum health problems such as nausea convulsions, coma ,
renal failure , cancer & subtle effects on metabolism and intelligence.
❑ Various adsorbents have been explored to remove heavy metal ion from waste water bio-
sorption material kind of low cost absorbent with excellent sorption capacity is gaining
more and more attention.

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• Kapok fibre , a natural cellulosic hollow fiber with thin shell and large cavity is used for this
purpose.
• The kapok fiber has a hollow structure with external radius around 8.25 (+-m) , internal dia
around 7.25 (+-4)m , and length around 25 (+-)mm.Kapok fibres comprise 64% cellulose , 13%
lignin and 23% pentosane.
• they also contain wax cutin on the fibre surface which makes them water repellent.
• Sodium pyrosulfate (Na2S2O3) solution , one of the reducing and disruptive reagents.

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Objective-
• -To remove lead ion from tap water.
• -to prevent the drinking water from microorganism
(Bacteria).

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Material :-
• Materials Sodium chlorite , Kapok fiber was taken by
different company . Methylene blue (MB, indicator
grade) .
• Kapok fiber were used for the preparation of needle
punched Fabrics . properties of the fiber are given
below
Diameter (microns) Length ,cm Specific density,
gms/cm3
Tenacity gms/tex Elongation %
34 1.8 029 10.6 2.2

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Chemicals :-
• Sodium pyro sulfite and lead nitrate is also used and these chemicals are of
laboratory grade and there is no need of further purification .
Sample preparation :-
 This sample preparation may suit the final product or might need to be changed .
 Needle- punched fabrics were made from parallel laid webs were produced using carding
machine .
Number of needles/
 1 mts working width = 8000 to 10000
 Stoke frequency = 150 stokes/ min
 Production speed = 10m/min

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Now we will discuss various experiments that is to be carried out on the
kapok
• Adsorption experiment:-
in this experiment lead adsorption capacity of the material is calculated according
to given equation-
Qmax= (Co – C1) v
m
Where , Qmax is the lead adsorption capacity in mg/g
Co is initial lead conc. In mg/L & Ci is residual lead conc.After adsorption (mg/l)
V is the volume of the solution L
M is the weight of fabric before adsorption (g)

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Testing (these testing procedure is to be used for testing various parameter) :-
High volume instrument :-
• High volume instrument systems are based on the fibre bundle testing, i.e., many fibres are
checked at the same time and their average values determined.Traditional testing using
micronaire, pressley, stelometre, and fibro graph are designed to determine average value for
a large number of fibres, the so called fibre bundle tests.
• Strength and Elongation
• Fiber Fineness
• Moisture
• Color
• Trash Content
• Maturity and Stickiness

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• Physical analysis :-
• In this analysis we are going to test the water with lead and bacteria
that how water it is going to cleaned by this process and for testing the
bacteria level and lead ions we are going to use the various tests which
are following :-
• For testing bacteria we will use (Water Canary)
• LeadTest-
CATIONTESTS:
Lead ion chemical
test
(test method )
add potassium
iodidesolution ==>
yellow precipitate
(observation)
Pb2+
(aq) +2I–
(aq) ==>PbI2(s) a yellow precipitate
of lead iodide is formed

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Expected outcome :-
• In the last we might get the filter that will absorb the bacteria and
will also eliminate the lead ions which causes the various death
causing disease and also manufacture it in low cost .