The paper contents the dynamic study of rotating shaft with slant crack on surface of shaft. Slant cracks are prepared artificially on surface of shaft with material EN8. In this study, crack location taken on shaft 150 mm from motor side and also for effective study healthy shaft of EN8 material is taken. Experimental results are taken with the help of FFT analyzer. Analysis is carried out from these results and finally these results are validated in FEA software i. e. ANSYS14 software. These validated results with graphs are explained in this paper. The experimentation is also done on healthy shaft of EN8 material for analysis. This paper mainly focused on validation of experimental results with ANSYS software.
Abstract: Gear roll testers are used to measure and analyse functional performance of gears. Gear testing is a technique that has been used in the gear industry to identify potential manufacturing defects in the design intent of the gear. It is a practical, fast and effective screening tool that can identify when the gear manufacturing process has deviated from an ideal condition that could result in a change in backlash, or an unwanted noise and vibrations in a gear mesh therefore, in the present work it was decided to develop a gear roll tester to analyse effects of different types of defects in gear on its functional performance in terms of run out, pitch errors, backlash, profile errors, noise and vibration. For the present work a spur was selected with the specifications matching with the gear used in automobiles. A test rig was designed and developed for the functional testing of spur gears. Various components were designed and selected according to the standard design procedure. The test rig was fabricated with very high accuracy. Gears with different types of defects were tested on the test rig to ensure the accuracy of it. This test rig is an important tool to the gear manufacturer to test the gears for their functional performance. The test rig can be used further to analyse noise and vibrations along with a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) analyser.
DESIGN IMPROVISATION OF ELECTROMECHANICAL ACTUATORS FOR OPERATION AT SUB ZERO...ijmech
Control surface actuators are the key systems in any flight vehicle for enabling a strict control on the flight
parameters. The electromechanical actuator developed for an Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) is subjected
to sub-zero temperatures due to the altitude of operation. This paper discusses on how an actuator
developed is studied experimentally and improvised in design to ensure performance at -40oC. The
experimental observations are reasoned and supported by theoretical studies and remedial measures
incorporated to improve the actuator performance.
Abstract: Gear roll testers are used to measure and analyse functional performance of gears. Gear testing is a technique that has been used in the gear industry to identify potential manufacturing defects in the design intent of the gear. It is a practical, fast and effective screening tool that can identify when the gear manufacturing process has deviated from an ideal condition that could result in a change in backlash, or an unwanted noise and vibrations in a gear mesh therefore, in the present work it was decided to develop a gear roll tester to analyse effects of different types of defects in gear on its functional performance in terms of run out, pitch errors, backlash, profile errors, noise and vibration. For the present work a spur was selected with the specifications matching with the gear used in automobiles. A test rig was designed and developed for the functional testing of spur gears. Various components were designed and selected according to the standard design procedure. The test rig was fabricated with very high accuracy. Gears with different types of defects were tested on the test rig to ensure the accuracy of it. This test rig is an important tool to the gear manufacturer to test the gears for their functional performance. The test rig can be used further to analyse noise and vibrations along with a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) analyser.
DESIGN IMPROVISATION OF ELECTROMECHANICAL ACTUATORS FOR OPERATION AT SUB ZERO...ijmech
Control surface actuators are the key systems in any flight vehicle for enabling a strict control on the flight
parameters. The electromechanical actuator developed for an Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) is subjected
to sub-zero temperatures due to the altitude of operation. This paper discusses on how an actuator
developed is studied experimentally and improvised in design to ensure performance at -40oC. The
experimental observations are reasoned and supported by theoretical studies and remedial measures
incorporated to improve the actuator performance.
Analysis of Rack and Pinion under dynamic conditionsnagaraju kondrasi
Based on physical and thermal properties graphite cast iron has got more strength than sand cast Mg alloy and it is clear from the results that the load carrying capacity of former is larger than the later. Hence Graphite cast iron is preferred for the manufacture of rack and pinion.
In static structural analysis the total deformation and von - mises stresses are more in sand cast Mg alloy than graphite cast iron. Hence graphite cast iron has better strength than Sand cast Mg alloy.
In modal analysis the number mode shapes are higher for graphite cast iron than sand cast Mg alloy.
Under transient conditions the total deformation of Graphite CI is less than that of Sand cast mg alloy. Hence former is preferred under Transient conditions.
Under fatigue loads the damage is more in sand cast Mg alloy. Hence graphite CI is preferred for manufacturing of Rack and pinion.
Hence Keeping all the analysis in view the graphite cast iron is preferred over sand cast Mg alloy.
Design and development of horizontal tensile testing machine (5kN)Sajeed Mahaboob
In this project, a portable horizontal tensile testing system involving the use of a specially designed tensile specimen is proposed. The system developed was designed to convert the rotation motion of a ball screw into the linear motion of specimen grips that apply a tensile load to the specimen. The frame contains an aligned linear motion guide for the movement of the specimen grips, ensuring the co-linearity of the travel axes. One side of the specimen is connected to a ball-screw block and the other side is connected to a load-cell (which is static) to detect the load magnitude.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
ANALYSIS OF STRESS RELIEVING FEATURES OF ASYMMETRIC SPUR GEARijiert bestjournal
Gears are commonly used for transmitting power. The y develop high stress concentration at the root and the point of contact. The repeated stressing on the fil lets causes the fatigue failure of gear tooth. If g ear fails in tensile fatigue,the results are catastrophic and o ccur with little or no warnings. Therefore for all the reasons mentioned above,this work is of more practical imp ortance. For many years,gear design has been impro ved by using improved material,hardening surfaces with he at treatment and carburization,and shot penning to improve surface finish etc. Few more efforts have been made to improve the durability and strength by altering the pressure angle,using the asymmetric teeth,alterin g the geometry of root fillet curve and so on. Most of the above methods do not guarantees the interchange abi lity of the existing gear systems. The main objecti ve of this seminar is to add circular shaped holes to reduce s tress concentration. This work presents the possibi lities of using the stress redistribution techniques by intro ducing the stress relieving features in the stresse d zone to the advantage of reduction of root fillet stress in spu r gear.
Experimental analysis of circular disc with diametral slotsIAEME Publication
Discs are important structural elements in engineering application such as pressure vessel,missiles and liquid container. The turbine, brake disc and diaphragm clutch spring are the wellknown examples for the industrial application of the annular plate with radial slots. The natural frequencies of component are of great interest in the analysis for response of structures to various excitations. Annular discs are fundamental structural elements studied in ocean engineering
applications from offshore platforms to under water acoustic transducers.
Geochronos File Sharing Application Using CloudIJERA Editor
Accessing, running and sharing applications and data at present face many challenges. Cloud Computing and Social Networking technologies have the potential to simplify or eliminate many of these challenges. Social Networking technologies provide a means for easily sharing applications and data. Now a day’s people want to be connected 24x7 to the world around them. Networking and Communication have come together to make the world a small place to live in. People want to be in constant touch with their subordinates where ever they are and avail emergency services whenever needed. In this paper we present an on-line/on-demand interactive application service (Software as a Service). The service is built on a cloud computing basement that provisions virtualized application servers based on user demand. An open source social networking platform is leveraged to establish a portal front-end that enables applications and results to be easily shared between users. In the proposed system users can access the documents uploaded into the cloud by others and provide any data they have in hand to other users through the same cloud. This also allows the users to have an interactive session through the chat screens present in the cloud. The paper also highlights some major security issues existing in current cloud computing environment.
EDUCAÇÃO AMBIENTAL CRÍTICA NA FORMAÇÃO DO EDUCADOR: UMA PEDAGOGIA
TRANSFORMADORA
Jéssica do Nascimento Rodrigues – UFRJ e UFRRJ
Mauro Guimarães – UFRRJ
Agência Financiadora: CAPES
Para que serve o aterramento elétrico?
O aterramento elétrico tem três funções principais :
1 – Proteger o usuário do equipamento das descargas atmosféricas, através da viabilização
de um caminho alternativo para a terra, de descargas atmosféricas.
2 – “ Descarregar” cargas estáticas acumuladas nas carcaças das ma´quinas ou equipamentos
para a terra.
3 – Facilitar o funcionamento dos dispositivos de proteção (fusíveis, disjuntores, etc.),
através da corrente desviada para a terra.
Microcontroller Based Solar tracking System for enhancing efficiency of a Pho...IJERA Editor
In today‟s scenario of increasing energy needs, there is a huge dependence on renewable energy sources along
with the conventional sources. One of the most important renewable energy resources is the sun. However, the
problem with solar power is that it is directly dependent on light intensity. To produce the maximum amount of
energy, a solar panel must be perpendicular to the light source. Because the sun moves both throughout the day
as well as throughout a year, a solar panel must be able to follow the sun‟s movement to produce the maximum
possible power. There are a large number of methods available for solar tracking and hence maximizing the
output .This paper proposes an Arduino Uno microcontroller board based solar tracking system. As compared to
the conventional solar panels, the one mounted with microcontroller based tracking system will give enhanced
output.
Using Data Mining Techniques in Customer SegmentationIJERA Editor
Data mining plays important role in marketing and is quite new. Although this field expands rapidly, data mining is still foreign issue for many marketers who trust only their experiences. Data mining techniques cannot substitute the significant role of domain experts and their business knowledge. In the other words, data mining algorithms are powerful but cannot effectively work without the active support of business experts. We can gain useful results by combining these techniques and business expertise. For instance ability of a data mining technique can be substantially increased by combining person experience in the field or information of business can be integrated into a data mining model to build a more successful result. Moreover, these results should always be evaluated by business experts. Thus, business knowledge can help and enrich the data mining results. On the other hand, data mining techniques can extract patterns that even the most experienced business people may have missed. In conclusion, the combination of business domain expertise with the power of data mining techniques can help organizations gain a competitive advantage in their efforts to optimize customer management. Clustering algorithms, a group of data mining technique, is one of most common used way to segment data set according to their similarities. This paper focuses on the topic of customer segmentation using data mining techniques. In the other words, we theoretically discuss about customer relationship management and then utilize couple of data mining algorithm specially clustering techniques for customer segmentation. We concentrated on behavioral segmentation.
Analysis of Rack and Pinion under dynamic conditionsnagaraju kondrasi
Based on physical and thermal properties graphite cast iron has got more strength than sand cast Mg alloy and it is clear from the results that the load carrying capacity of former is larger than the later. Hence Graphite cast iron is preferred for the manufacture of rack and pinion.
In static structural analysis the total deformation and von - mises stresses are more in sand cast Mg alloy than graphite cast iron. Hence graphite cast iron has better strength than Sand cast Mg alloy.
In modal analysis the number mode shapes are higher for graphite cast iron than sand cast Mg alloy.
Under transient conditions the total deformation of Graphite CI is less than that of Sand cast mg alloy. Hence former is preferred under Transient conditions.
Under fatigue loads the damage is more in sand cast Mg alloy. Hence graphite CI is preferred for manufacturing of Rack and pinion.
Hence Keeping all the analysis in view the graphite cast iron is preferred over sand cast Mg alloy.
Design and development of horizontal tensile testing machine (5kN)Sajeed Mahaboob
In this project, a portable horizontal tensile testing system involving the use of a specially designed tensile specimen is proposed. The system developed was designed to convert the rotation motion of a ball screw into the linear motion of specimen grips that apply a tensile load to the specimen. The frame contains an aligned linear motion guide for the movement of the specimen grips, ensuring the co-linearity of the travel axes. One side of the specimen is connected to a ball-screw block and the other side is connected to a load-cell (which is static) to detect the load magnitude.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
ANALYSIS OF STRESS RELIEVING FEATURES OF ASYMMETRIC SPUR GEARijiert bestjournal
Gears are commonly used for transmitting power. The y develop high stress concentration at the root and the point of contact. The repeated stressing on the fil lets causes the fatigue failure of gear tooth. If g ear fails in tensile fatigue,the results are catastrophic and o ccur with little or no warnings. Therefore for all the reasons mentioned above,this work is of more practical imp ortance. For many years,gear design has been impro ved by using improved material,hardening surfaces with he at treatment and carburization,and shot penning to improve surface finish etc. Few more efforts have been made to improve the durability and strength by altering the pressure angle,using the asymmetric teeth,alterin g the geometry of root fillet curve and so on. Most of the above methods do not guarantees the interchange abi lity of the existing gear systems. The main objecti ve of this seminar is to add circular shaped holes to reduce s tress concentration. This work presents the possibi lities of using the stress redistribution techniques by intro ducing the stress relieving features in the stresse d zone to the advantage of reduction of root fillet stress in spu r gear.
Experimental analysis of circular disc with diametral slotsIAEME Publication
Discs are important structural elements in engineering application such as pressure vessel,missiles and liquid container. The turbine, brake disc and diaphragm clutch spring are the wellknown examples for the industrial application of the annular plate with radial slots. The natural frequencies of component are of great interest in the analysis for response of structures to various excitations. Annular discs are fundamental structural elements studied in ocean engineering
applications from offshore platforms to under water acoustic transducers.
Geochronos File Sharing Application Using CloudIJERA Editor
Accessing, running and sharing applications and data at present face many challenges. Cloud Computing and Social Networking technologies have the potential to simplify or eliminate many of these challenges. Social Networking technologies provide a means for easily sharing applications and data. Now a day’s people want to be connected 24x7 to the world around them. Networking and Communication have come together to make the world a small place to live in. People want to be in constant touch with their subordinates where ever they are and avail emergency services whenever needed. In this paper we present an on-line/on-demand interactive application service (Software as a Service). The service is built on a cloud computing basement that provisions virtualized application servers based on user demand. An open source social networking platform is leveraged to establish a portal front-end that enables applications and results to be easily shared between users. In the proposed system users can access the documents uploaded into the cloud by others and provide any data they have in hand to other users through the same cloud. This also allows the users to have an interactive session through the chat screens present in the cloud. The paper also highlights some major security issues existing in current cloud computing environment.
EDUCAÇÃO AMBIENTAL CRÍTICA NA FORMAÇÃO DO EDUCADOR: UMA PEDAGOGIA
TRANSFORMADORA
Jéssica do Nascimento Rodrigues – UFRJ e UFRRJ
Mauro Guimarães – UFRRJ
Agência Financiadora: CAPES
Para que serve o aterramento elétrico?
O aterramento elétrico tem três funções principais :
1 – Proteger o usuário do equipamento das descargas atmosféricas, através da viabilização
de um caminho alternativo para a terra, de descargas atmosféricas.
2 – “ Descarregar” cargas estáticas acumuladas nas carcaças das ma´quinas ou equipamentos
para a terra.
3 – Facilitar o funcionamento dos dispositivos de proteção (fusíveis, disjuntores, etc.),
através da corrente desviada para a terra.
Microcontroller Based Solar tracking System for enhancing efficiency of a Pho...IJERA Editor
In today‟s scenario of increasing energy needs, there is a huge dependence on renewable energy sources along
with the conventional sources. One of the most important renewable energy resources is the sun. However, the
problem with solar power is that it is directly dependent on light intensity. To produce the maximum amount of
energy, a solar panel must be perpendicular to the light source. Because the sun moves both throughout the day
as well as throughout a year, a solar panel must be able to follow the sun‟s movement to produce the maximum
possible power. There are a large number of methods available for solar tracking and hence maximizing the
output .This paper proposes an Arduino Uno microcontroller board based solar tracking system. As compared to
the conventional solar panels, the one mounted with microcontroller based tracking system will give enhanced
output.
Using Data Mining Techniques in Customer SegmentationIJERA Editor
Data mining plays important role in marketing and is quite new. Although this field expands rapidly, data mining is still foreign issue for many marketers who trust only their experiences. Data mining techniques cannot substitute the significant role of domain experts and their business knowledge. In the other words, data mining algorithms are powerful but cannot effectively work without the active support of business experts. We can gain useful results by combining these techniques and business expertise. For instance ability of a data mining technique can be substantially increased by combining person experience in the field or information of business can be integrated into a data mining model to build a more successful result. Moreover, these results should always be evaluated by business experts. Thus, business knowledge can help and enrich the data mining results. On the other hand, data mining techniques can extract patterns that even the most experienced business people may have missed. In conclusion, the combination of business domain expertise with the power of data mining techniques can help organizations gain a competitive advantage in their efforts to optimize customer management. Clustering algorithms, a group of data mining technique, is one of most common used way to segment data set according to their similarities. This paper focuses on the topic of customer segmentation using data mining techniques. In the other words, we theoretically discuss about customer relationship management and then utilize couple of data mining algorithm specially clustering techniques for customer segmentation. We concentrated on behavioral segmentation.
Dynamic Analysis of Rotating stepped Shaft with Transverse CrackIJERA Editor
This study describes dynamic analysis of stepped shaft with single crack of EN8 material. The objective is to compare results of healthy stepped shaft and single cracked stepped shaft for different crack depth ratios at variable rpm .The dynamic analysis is carried out by using finite element method. Obtained results from analysis are benchmarked from literature. It is observed that there is 84.80% increase in amplitude of acceleration of cracked shaft. Also modal analysis of shaft has been carried out to know effect on natural frequencies of healthy shaft and cracked shaft. The effects of crack depth, crack length & RPM on amplitude of acceleration are obtained.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Vibration Analysis of deep groove ball bearing using Finite Element AnalysisIJERA Editor
Rolling element bearing is essential part of machinery. The rolling bearing, with outer ring fixed, is a multi body mechanical system with rolling elements that transmit motion and load from the inner raceway to the outer raceway. The rolling bearings dynamical behaviour analysis is an important condition to determine the machine vibration response. Modern trend of Dynamic analysis is useful in early prediction. Dynamic analysis has become a very powerful tool for the betterment of the actual performance of the system. The methodology for prediction and validation of dynamic characteristics of bearing rotor system vibration is studied. ANSYS software is the promising tools for the modelling. The result obtained from FEA are validated with experimental results.
Study of Vibration Analysis of Rotating Shaft with Transverse CrackIJMERJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: In this paper, the influence of transverse cracks in a rotating shaft is analyses. Shafts are the components which are subjected to the hardest conditions in high performance rotating equipments used in the process and utility plants like high speed compressors, steam and gas turbines, generators and pumps etc. It’s easy to find out the defects in stationary shaft than find out the defects in rotating shaft. During working, because of the cyclic loading or manufacturing flaws cracks frequently appears in rotating shaft. Although when shafts are operated in different type of conditions various types of cracks occurred due to of the rapidly fluctuating nature of stresses. The development of crack changes dynamicbehavior of rotor system. It decreases the strength of object or material. When shaft rotates then due to defect the vibration response of the rotating shaft will more or less change. By using the additional vibration extracted from the shaft due to defect, an on-line condition monitoring system for crack detection might be developed for rotor systems. Even for smaller crack, rotating shaft creates the vibrations. So, the vibrationmonitoring is more useful for detecting crack in rotating shaft.This paper gives the vibration analysis of rotating shaft with different crack location & with different shaft speeds
Design Optimization Of Chain Sprocket Using Finite Element AnalysisIJERA Editor
Chain sprocket is one of the important component of chain drive for transmitting power from one shaft to another. To ensure efficient power transmission chain sprocket should be properly designed and manufactured. There is a possibility of weight reduction in chain drive sprocket. In this study, chain sprocket is designed and analysed using Finite Element Analysis for safety and reliability. ANSYS software is used for static and fatigue analysis of sprocket design. Using these results optimization of sprocket for weight reduction has been done. As sprocket undergo vibration, modal analysis is performed
Design Optimization Of Chain Sprocket Using Finite Element AnalysisIJERA Editor
Chain sprocket is one of the important component of chain drive for transmitting power from one shaft to another. To ensure efficient power transmission chain sprocket should be properly designed and manufactured. There is a possibility of weight reduction in chain drive sprocket. In this study, chain sprocket is designed and analysed using Finite Element Analysis for safety and reliability. ANSYS software is used for static and fatigue analysis of sprocket design. Using these results optimization of sprocket for weight reduction has been done. As sprocket undergo vibration, modal analysis is performed
Performance Enhancement of Automotive Silencer Using Finite Element Analysisinventionjournals
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
COMPARISON FOR SURFACE ROUGHNESS BETWEEN DUPLEX TURNING WITH SINGLE TOOL TURN...IAEME Publication
The present paper attempts to concentrate develop comparison between duplex turning with single tool turning with help of SPSS software. The present paper will attempt to explain the role of coefficient of determination, R-Squared which signifies that variance in dependent variable (DV i.e.
Surface Roughness) can be explained more precisely while using duplex machining process as compared to single machining and also explain adjusted R-square. This paper also tell the effect of the number of independent variables (IVs) in a multiple regression model makes the R-square larger.
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Pile Foundation by Venkatesh Taduvai (Sub Geotechnical Engineering II)-conver...
Dynamic Analysis of Rotating Shaft Subjects to Slant Crack with Experimentation and ANSYS Validation
1. Rushikesh V. Dhokate Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications www.ijera.com
ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 4, Issue 9( Version 5), September 2014, pp.65-69
www.ijera.com 65 | P a g e
Dynamic Analysis of Rotating Shaft Subjects to Slant Crack with Experimentation and ANSYS Validation Rushikesh V. Dhokate*, Prof. S. D. Katekar ** *(Department of ME, Mechanical Engg. Dept., S.K.N. Sinhgad College of Engg. Korti, Pandharpur, India 413304.) ** (Department of ME, Mechanical Engg. Dept., S.K.N. Sinhgad College of Engg. Korti, Pandharpur, India 413304. ABSTRACT The paper contents the dynamic study of rotating shaft with slant crack on surface of shaft. Slant cracks are prepared artificially on surface of shaft with material EN8. In this study, crack location taken on shaft 150 mm from motor side and also for effective study healthy shaft of EN8 material is taken. Experimental results are taken with the help of FFT analyzer. Analysis is carried out from these results and finally these results are validated in FEA software i. e. ANSYS14 software. These validated results with graphs are explained in this paper. The experimentation is also done on healthy shaft of EN8 material for analysis. This paper mainly focused on validation of experimental results with ANSYS software.
Keywords – Crack depth, Crack location, Cracked shaft, FFT analyzer, Healthy shaft, Slant crack.
I. INTRODUCTION
The issue of study of cracks on shaft is very wide. In various industries due accidents cracks can be developed on shaft or bending of shaft may occur. Experimentation is done with taking parameters in considerations as crack location at 150 mm on shaft at motor side, 1 kg disc at center of shaft, speed variation as 500, 1000, 1500 and 2000 rpm. On FFT analyzer readings are taken for 10 second response. These FFT analyzer readings are recorded in computer. After experimentation, these experimental results are checked using ANSYS software. This validation consists of finite element analysis of slant cracked shaft at different values of RPM. Analysis has been carried out in ANSYS14 package. Modeling of healthy and slant cracked shaft in FEM is discussed as follow. Fig.1 Modelling of shaft in ANSYS14 Modeling has been carried out in ANSYS software and it is meshed by using Shell 163 element. 4084 number of elements and 4078 number of nodes are generated for slant cracked shaft. Similarly, 6705
number of elements and 6703 number of nodes are generated for healthy shaft. Contact between bearing and shaft also contact between disc and shaft is done by using contact element Conta 176. Meshed model for healthy shaft and with crack is as shown below: Fig.2 Meshed model of healthy shaft Fig. 3 Meshed model showing slant crack
RESEARCH ARTICLE OPEN ACCESS
2. Rushikesh V. Dhokate Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications www.ijera.com
ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 4, Issue 9( Version 5), September 2014, pp.65-69
www.ijera.com 66 | P a g e
Meshing density was increased at slant crack portion by refining elements. In boundary conditioning, movement of shaft in X direction is made zero. So that, to and fro motion of shaft is restricted. Assembly of four components in ANSYS software is done. Two bearings, one disc and shaft are defined as components made up of nodes. Nodal rotation along X axis is applied at 500rpm, 1000rpm, 1500rpm and 2000rpm. While applying rpm it was converted to rad/sec. Explicit dynamic analysis has been carried out. Response of the assembly was obtained in 0.01 sec. Analysis was carried out in 500 number of sub-steps. Response at each node was taken into consideration. Node at the top of bearing surface was selected for getting accurate response. Results were obtained in frequency domain. Because during experimentation results were obtained by mounting probe of FFT analyzer at the same location. Node 362 lies at center of top of surface of bearing. Results validation is done for EN8 material at different values of RPM. The set up representation of experimentation is as shown in below fig.4. This fig.4 shows top view representation of arrangement made for experimentation. Fig.4 Top view arrangement for Experimental setup
II. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The below figures shows the results plotted with graphical representation for experimentation of analysis of rotating shaft and also graphs plotted for validation of these results with ANSYS14 software. For slant crack location on shaft surface at 150 mm from motor side. With speed variations as 500, 1000, 1500 and 2000 rpm with 1kg disc is mounted at center of shaft for loading condition. Response received for these conditions are acceleration vs. frequency. Results are plotted for healthy shaft of EN8 material and also for slant cracked shaft at location at 150 mm on shaft of EN8 material. These plotted results are discussed later with tabulation. Fig.5 Response of healthy shaft at 500 rpm for FFT analyzer. Fig.6 Response of healthy shaft at 500 rpm for ANSYS14 Fig.7 Response of healthy shaft at 1000 rpm for FFT analyzer. Fig.8 Response of healthy shaft at 1000 rpm for ANSYS14
3. Rushikesh V. Dhokate Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications www.ijera.com
ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 4, Issue 9( Version 5), September 2014, pp.65-69
www.ijera.com 67 | P a g e
Fig.9 Response of healthy shaft at 1500 rpm for FFT analyzer. Fig.10 Response of healthy shaft at 1500 rpm for ANSYS14 Fig.11 Response of healthy shaft at 2000 rpm for FFT analyzer. Fig.12 Response of healthy shaft at 2000 rpm for ANSYS14
Table No.1 Tabulated results for EN8 healthy shaft
Speed rpm
Experimental results(m/s2)
ANSYS results(m/s2)
Percentage error(%)
500
0.1715
0.1702
0.758017
1000
1.3967
1.3903
0.458223
1500
4.8139
4.9320
-2.45331
2000
1.1869
1.1901
-0.26961
All the above figures shows the response diagrams for various speeds and its validation with ANSYS software. It is observed that there is 0.7580 maximum percentage deviations in results of experimentation and results of simulation for healthy shaft. Also, with experimentation it was observed that highest amplitude is achieved at speed of 1500 rpm. At 500 rpm response was low it increases with increase in speed. After 1500 rpm speed for 2000 rpm amplitude reduces. Now, below figures shows the responses for slant cracked shaft at location of 150 mm on EN8 material. Fig.13 Response of slant cracked EN8 shaft at 150mm at 500 rpm for FFT analyzer. Fig.14 Response of slant cracked EN8 shaft at 150mm at 500 rpm for ANSYS14 Fig.15 Response of slant cracked EN8 shaft at 150mm at 1000 rpm for FFT analyzer.
4. Rushikesh V. Dhokate Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications www.ijera.com
ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 4, Issue 9( Version 5), September 2014, pp.65-69
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Fig.16 Response of slant cracked EN8 shaft at 150mm at 1000 rpm for ANSYS14 Fig.17 Response of slant cracked EN8 shaft at 150mm at 1500 rpm for FFT analyzer. Fig.18 Response of slant cracked EN8 shaft at 150mm at 1500 rpm for ANSYS14 Fig.19 Response of slant cracked EN8 shaft at 150mm at 2000 rpm for FFT analyzer. Fig.20 Response of slant cracked EN8 shaft at 150mm at 2000 rpm for ANSYS14 Table No.2 Tabulated results for EN8 slant cracked shaft at location 150mm
Speed rpm
Experimental results(m/s2)
ANSYS results(m/s2)
Percentage error(%)
500
0.2132
0.2205
-3.42402
1000
1.0201
1.0421
-2.15665
1500
3.5087
3.4991
0.273606
2000
1.3010
1.3223
-1.6372
It is observed that there is 0.2736 maximum percentage deviations in results of experimentation and results of simulation for Cracked shaft at location 150mm of EN8. With comparison to results to healthy shaft of EN8 material we can say that amplitude is increased for the speed of 500 rpm and amplitude is decreased for the speed of 1500 rpm. We can say with these two comparisons that there is variation in amplitude for healthy and slant cracked shaft. Amplitude in increases for small speed and it is decreases for increased speed.
III. CONCLUSION
In the present study, dynamic analysis of healthy and slant cracked shaft having EN8 material is done. The scope of this work is limited to measurement of amplitudes of vibrations of rotating shaft with slant crack on surface at various speeds and different locations. Focus is not on the defects on the bearing. Study is done with variation of speed and 1 kg load experimentally and validated with ANSYS14 FEA software. The validated result also shows good percentage of deviations. The response of both healthy and slant cracked shaft at 150mm for higher amplitude is at 1500rpm. Up to 1500rpm amplitude increases and it comes low after 1500 rpm. The rate of increase of amplitude is lower for the speed 500 and 1000 rpm and it is increased at 1500rpm. In present cases in this paper, at 500 and 2000 rpm amplitude in slant cracked shaft than healthy shaft is increased little and that is decreased little for 1000rpm and 1500rpm.
5. Rushikesh V. Dhokate Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications www.ijera.com
ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 4, Issue 9( Version 5), September 2014, pp.65-69
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IV. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The authors would like to acknowledge the Excel Engineers Ltd, Sangali (India) for providing the test shaft samples required for the experimentation. The gratitude is also extended to SKN Sinhgad COE, Pandharpur for providing facilities during experimentation. Authors would also thankful to Prof. P.P. Kulkarni S.K.N Sinhgad COE, Pandharpur for guidance to handling ANSYS14 FEA software.
REFERENCES
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