Espacio público y cultura en acción

       Justicia Espacial y la Urbanización Asimétrica
                     Miguel Robles-Durán
  Cofundador de Cohabitation Strategies, Cooperativa para el
desarrollo socio-espacial, con sedes en Rotterdam y Nueva York


                          www.kreanta.org
                      www.ciudadescreativas.org
1. La investigación exhaustiva y transdisciplinaria de los procesos de urbanización



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Cohabitation Strategies


   RESEARCH QUESTIONS                      RESEARCH PROCESS                                    META-TOPICS                         RESEARCH                                             DESIGN PROCESSES                                 STRATEGIES
                                                                                                                      A.01   National Development and Renewal Strategies
                                                                                                                      A.02   Municipal Development Strategies
                                                                                                                      A.03   Municipal Governance Networks
                                                                                                                      A.04   District and Neighbourhood Governance
                                                                                                                      A.05   Local Centralities and Connections
                                                                                                                      A.06   Municipal Economic Perspectives
                                                                                                                      A.07   Land Use and Function Distribution
                                                                                                                      A.08   Core Economic Zones ( Wealth and Poverty)
                                                                                                                      A.09   Water and Nature
                                                                                                                      A.10   Mobility
                                                                                                                      A.11   Municipal Budget for Housing
                                                                                                                      A.12   Local Budget for Housing
                                                                                                                      A.13   Building Funds, Subsidies and Fiscal Instruments
   URBAN INEQUALITIES                                                                                                 A.14   Social/Private Rental Housing
   AND URBAN-PROFIT                                                                                                   A.15
                                                                                                                      A.16
                                                                                                                             Home Ownership Housing
                                                                                                                             Housing Developers, Corporations and Associations          Cohabitation Strategies
   BASED URBANIZATION                                                                                                 A.17   Building Regulation and Quality Control
                                                                                                                      A.18   Housing Deficit and Allocation
                                                                                               A. URBAN POLITICS      A.19   Urban and Neighbourhood Restructuring                                                                         ENDOGENOUS
                                                                                                                      A.20   Public and Recreation Spaces                               Stakeholder Relations                             EMPOWERMENT
                                                                                                                      A.21   Tenants Right, Obligations and Associations
                                                                                                                      A.22   Real State Value
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         AND ORGANIZATION
                                                                                                                      A.23   Connectivity
                                                                                                                      A.24   Community Organizations                                    Legal Instruments
                                                                                                                      A.25   Urban Mobilizations (Present and Historical)
                                                                                                                      A.26   Gentrification Processes
   SOCIAL HOUSING                                                                                                     A.27   Community Knowledge of Local Policy
                                                                                                                                                                                        Social Programs/facilities
                                                                                                                      A.28   Collective Consumption
   PROVISION AND                                                                                                      A.29   Institutionalization of Community Organizations/Programs
   PRIVATIZATION                                                                                                      A.30
                                                                                                                      A.31
                                                                                                                             Decision Making and Peoples Power (Jurisdiction)
                                                                                                                             Waste Management and Recycling
                                                                                                                      A.32   Land Contamination                                         Participatory Neighborhood Programs/Facilities
                                                                                                                      A.33   Groundwater Depletion                                                                                        RESTRUCTURING
                                                                                                                      A.34   Water Management (Accumulation, treatment, distribution)                                                         URBAN
                                                                                                                      A.35   Energy Management and Conservation
                                                                                                                      A.36   Alternative Energy                                         Cultural Programs/Facilities                      CONSCIOUSNESS
                                                                                                                      A.37   Natural Resources                                                                                              AND IMAGE
                                                                                                                      A.38   Recycling Culture
                                                                                                                      A.39   Urban Agriculture Culture, Location and Distribution
                                                                                                                                                                                        Sports and Leisure Programs/Facilities
   URBAN REGENERATION
                                                                                                                      B.01   Uneven Urban Development
   AND                                                                                                                B.02   Spatial and Functional Distribution
   GENTRIFICATION                                                                                                     B.03
                                                                                                                      B.04
                                                                                                                             Spatial Correlations
                                                                                                                             Infrastructure Networks                                    Economic and Labor Processes
                                                                                                                      B.05   Mobility Networks
                                                                                                                      B.06   Spatial Demographics and Statistics
                                                                                                                      B.07   Temporal Dynamics
                                                                                               B. URBAN MORPHOLOGY    B.08   Technologies (Spatial, Building and Infrastructure)        Modes of Production                               CONSOLIDATING
                                                                                                                      B.09   Building Clearance                                                                                            LOCAL MODES
                                                                                                                      B.10   Land Speculation
                                                                                                                      B.11   Vacancy Rates
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          OF PRODUCTION
                                                                                                                      B.12   Fragmentations                                             Redistributive Processes Against Poverty
                                                                                                                      B.13   Urban Deprivation and Marginalization
   SOCIO-SPATIAL                                                                                                      B.14   Streets
   FRAGMENTATION                                                                                                      C.01   Housing Typologies and Contemporary Occupation
                                                                                                                                                                                        Local Asset Distributions
   AND DIFFERENCE                                                                                                     C.02   Streets, Pedestrian Corridors and Public Space
                                                                                                                      C.03   Abandoned Structures and Spatial Inefficiencies
                                                                                               C. TYPOLOGY AND        C.04   Urban rhythms
                                                                                                                                                                                        Urban Educational Programs/Facilities
                                                                                                                      C.05   Social Rites
                                                                                               THE EVERYDAY           C.06   Aesthetic Values
                                                                                                                      C.07   Social Processes and Relations                                                                               DEVELOPING AND
                                                                                                                      C.08   Public Services                                                                                                REINFORCING
                                                                                                                      C.09   Street Culture
                                                                                                                                                                                        Spatial Occupation Strategies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         SOCIAL AND URBAN
                                                                                                                      D.01   Migration                                                                                                       CONDITIONS
                                                                                                                      D.02   Gentrification, Displacement and Marginalization
   SOCIAL COHESION                                                                                                    D.03   Forms of Social Relations and Class Stratification         Transport Infrastructure and Connectivity
   AND                                                                                         D. SOCIETY AND CLASS
                                                                                                                      D.04   Spatial Occupation
                                                                                                                      D.05   Social Cohesion
   PARTICIPATION                                                                               STRUCTURE              D.06   Criminality
                                                                                                                      D.07   Racial Segregation                                         Environmental Solutions
                                                                                                                      D.08   Gender/Age
                                                                                                                      D.09   Social Reproduction
                                                                                                                      D.10   Child Rearing
                                                                                                                      D.11   Residential Differentiation                                Urban and Housing Renewal Programs
                                                                                                                      D.12   Community Development                                                                                         STIMULATING
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              LOCAL
   CULTURAL DYNAMICS,                                                                                                 E.01   Labour History (Strugles, Organization, etc)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            CULTURAL
                                                                                                                      E.02   Material Conditions and Local Capacities                   Sustainable Approaches
   AND THE COMMUNICATION                                                                                              E.03   Productive Services/Activities and Labour Power                                                               PRODUCTION
   OF URBAN PROCESSES                                                                                                 E.04   Division of Labor and Specialization
                                                                                                                      E.05   Structure of Labour Markets and the Circulation of Value
                                                                                                                      E.06   Mobility Chances                                           Public Services/Facilities
                                                                                               E. ECONOMY AND LABOR   E.07   Means of Production
                                                                                                                      E.08   Surplus Allocation and Circulation
                                                                                                                      E.09   Taxation and Financial Instruments
                                             Mijnkintbuurt
                                                                                                                      E.10   Commodity Distribution
                                                                             Production Gate
                                                                                                                      E.11   Credit Systems and Local/External Finances and Resources

                                                             Urban Rhythms                                            D.01   Cultural Heritage and Everyday Habits
                                                                                                                      D.02   Traditional Forms of Culture
                                                                                                                      D.03   Social and Cultural Interaction / Discrimination
                                                                                                                      D.04   Intellectual and Artistic Potentials
                                                                                                                      D.05   New forms of Aggregations
                                                                                               D. CULTURAL POLITICS   D.06   Youth Tribes
                                                                                                                      D.07   Community Activities
                                                                                                                      D.08   Techniques of Empowerment
Meta-Disciplinary Approach & Methodology


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                                      t h e r e i s a n a lt e r n a t i v e o f m i c r o c r e d i t s i f t h e y d o n ' t h a v e
                                 m o n e y. s t m i c h e l' s m a r k e t i s a l s o p o p u l a r a m o n g i m m i g r a n t s :
                                                       so m e o f t h em b u y goo ds in t h e in fo r mal mar ke t
                                                            t h at a r e n o t i n t e r e s t i n g i n f r a n c e t o t r av e l
                                                        b ac k to t h ei r h o m e co u n t r i e s a n d r e-s e l l t h e m .
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replaced by dwellings. The same goes for Place Saint-Michel, where shops have
given way to lots of cafés and snack bars. The neighbourhood’s “elders” lament
the departure of these businesses, which has greatly reduced the diversity of                                                                                                                *%7,+1"
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neighbourhood shop signs. A long-time resident thus tells us: “Previously, on the                                                                             20/(,*+,-("                                                             %&'()*')+
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square, there was watchmaker, a photographer, a butcher and an ironmonger,
and nowadays, even if there are still plenty of businesses, there are a lot less”26.
Economic Factors
The Saint-Michel neighbourhood has a large number of ethnic businesses. The                                                                                          G(7("+:)(2                                    "*#(,-.)*')                               "(I"%)(
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resource for the North African population and, to a certain extent, for Sub-Saharan
 African residents27. These businesses offer certain job opportunities, and they                                                            *%7,+1"
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also enable many foreigners to purchase traditional products at better prices,
and above all to enjoy advantageous payment conditions, i.e., credit: in Saint-
Michel shops owned by foreigners, the practice of offering credit is common,                                                                                                                      +",,+&"%51#5J#
and overall payments are authorized at the end of each month. “When people                                                                                           !"#$%&"'
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pocket”. Similarly, North African, Portuguese and Turkish restaurants offer
really affordable prices, which at the same time attract French customers                                                                                &'(+/(,#                 !(/,**)..)+$0
who appreciate foreign specialities; but they also enable immigrants in the                                                                             G(7("+:)(2                "(*/5,+,L#
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neighbourhood and in particular people living on their own, to eat according
to their tastes and for less money.                                                                                                        2"09(1"2

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Justicia Espacial y la Urbanización Asimétrica Acelerada - Miguel Robles-Durán
Justicia Espacial y la Urbanización Asimétrica Acelerada - Miguel Robles-Durán
Justicia Espacial y la Urbanización Asimétrica Acelerada - Miguel Robles-Durán
Justicia Espacial y la Urbanización Asimétrica Acelerada - Miguel Robles-Durán
Justicia Espacial y la Urbanización Asimétrica Acelerada - Miguel Robles-Durán
Justicia Espacial y la Urbanización Asimétrica Acelerada - Miguel Robles-Durán
Justicia Espacial y la Urbanización Asimétrica Acelerada - Miguel Robles-Durán
Justicia Espacial y la Urbanización Asimétrica Acelerada - Miguel Robles-Durán

Justicia Espacial y la Urbanización Asimétrica Acelerada - Miguel Robles-Durán

  • 1.
    Espacio público ycultura en acción Justicia Espacial y la Urbanización Asimétrica Miguel Robles-Durán Cofundador de Cohabitation Strategies, Cooperativa para el desarrollo socio-espacial, con sedes en Rotterdam y Nueva York www.kreanta.org www.ciudadescreativas.org
  • 3.
    1. La investigaciónexhaustiva y transdisciplinaria de los procesos de urbanización P a g e 3 b o r d e au x 2 0 1 1
  • 4.
    Cohabitation Strategies RESEARCH QUESTIONS RESEARCH PROCESS META-TOPICS RESEARCH DESIGN PROCESSES STRATEGIES A.01 National Development and Renewal Strategies A.02 Municipal Development Strategies A.03 Municipal Governance Networks A.04 District and Neighbourhood Governance A.05 Local Centralities and Connections A.06 Municipal Economic Perspectives A.07 Land Use and Function Distribution A.08 Core Economic Zones ( Wealth and Poverty) A.09 Water and Nature A.10 Mobility A.11 Municipal Budget for Housing A.12 Local Budget for Housing A.13 Building Funds, Subsidies and Fiscal Instruments URBAN INEQUALITIES A.14 Social/Private Rental Housing AND URBAN-PROFIT A.15 A.16 Home Ownership Housing Housing Developers, Corporations and Associations Cohabitation Strategies BASED URBANIZATION A.17 Building Regulation and Quality Control A.18 Housing Deficit and Allocation A. URBAN POLITICS A.19 Urban and Neighbourhood Restructuring ENDOGENOUS A.20 Public and Recreation Spaces Stakeholder Relations EMPOWERMENT A.21 Tenants Right, Obligations and Associations A.22 Real State Value AND ORGANIZATION A.23 Connectivity A.24 Community Organizations Legal Instruments A.25 Urban Mobilizations (Present and Historical) A.26 Gentrification Processes SOCIAL HOUSING A.27 Community Knowledge of Local Policy Social Programs/facilities A.28 Collective Consumption PROVISION AND A.29 Institutionalization of Community Organizations/Programs PRIVATIZATION A.30 A.31 Decision Making and Peoples Power (Jurisdiction) Waste Management and Recycling A.32 Land Contamination Participatory Neighborhood Programs/Facilities A.33 Groundwater Depletion RESTRUCTURING A.34 Water Management (Accumulation, treatment, distribution) URBAN A.35 Energy Management and Conservation A.36 Alternative Energy Cultural Programs/Facilities CONSCIOUSNESS A.37 Natural Resources AND IMAGE A.38 Recycling Culture A.39 Urban Agriculture Culture, Location and Distribution Sports and Leisure Programs/Facilities URBAN REGENERATION B.01 Uneven Urban Development AND B.02 Spatial and Functional Distribution GENTRIFICATION B.03 B.04 Spatial Correlations Infrastructure Networks Economic and Labor Processes B.05 Mobility Networks B.06 Spatial Demographics and Statistics B.07 Temporal Dynamics B. URBAN MORPHOLOGY B.08 Technologies (Spatial, Building and Infrastructure) Modes of Production CONSOLIDATING B.09 Building Clearance LOCAL MODES B.10 Land Speculation B.11 Vacancy Rates OF PRODUCTION B.12 Fragmentations Redistributive Processes Against Poverty B.13 Urban Deprivation and Marginalization SOCIO-SPATIAL B.14 Streets FRAGMENTATION C.01 Housing Typologies and Contemporary Occupation Local Asset Distributions AND DIFFERENCE C.02 Streets, Pedestrian Corridors and Public Space C.03 Abandoned Structures and Spatial Inefficiencies C. TYPOLOGY AND C.04 Urban rhythms Urban Educational Programs/Facilities C.05 Social Rites THE EVERYDAY C.06 Aesthetic Values C.07 Social Processes and Relations DEVELOPING AND C.08 Public Services REINFORCING C.09 Street Culture Spatial Occupation Strategies SOCIAL AND URBAN D.01 Migration CONDITIONS D.02 Gentrification, Displacement and Marginalization SOCIAL COHESION D.03 Forms of Social Relations and Class Stratification Transport Infrastructure and Connectivity AND D. SOCIETY AND CLASS D.04 Spatial Occupation D.05 Social Cohesion PARTICIPATION STRUCTURE D.06 Criminality D.07 Racial Segregation Environmental Solutions D.08 Gender/Age D.09 Social Reproduction D.10 Child Rearing D.11 Residential Differentiation Urban and Housing Renewal Programs D.12 Community Development STIMULATING LOCAL CULTURAL DYNAMICS, E.01 Labour History (Strugles, Organization, etc) CULTURAL E.02 Material Conditions and Local Capacities Sustainable Approaches AND THE COMMUNICATION E.03 Productive Services/Activities and Labour Power PRODUCTION OF URBAN PROCESSES E.04 Division of Labor and Specialization E.05 Structure of Labour Markets and the Circulation of Value E.06 Mobility Chances Public Services/Facilities E. ECONOMY AND LABOR E.07 Means of Production E.08 Surplus Allocation and Circulation E.09 Taxation and Financial Instruments Mijnkintbuurt E.10 Commodity Distribution Production Gate E.11 Credit Systems and Local/External Finances and Resources Urban Rhythms D.01 Cultural Heritage and Everyday Habits D.02 Traditional Forms of Culture D.03 Social and Cultural Interaction / Discrimination D.04 Intellectual and Artistic Potentials D.05 New forms of Aggregations D. CULTURAL POLITICS D.06 Youth Tribes D.07 Community Activities D.08 Techniques of Empowerment Meta-Disciplinary Approach & Methodology 4 5
  • 6.
    P a ge 4 b o r d e au x I N T R O D U C t i o n to t h e t e r r i to ry
  • 8.
    P a ge 1 0 S T M I C H E L m e a n s o f e c o n o m i c e xc h a n g e /0:)%&# %1"(,(2" t h e t wo po les o f co m m ercia l ac tivit y o f sain t mich el a r e !"#"#$ :5'(*%+1# i t s t w o m a r k e t s , s a i n t m i c h e l , m a n a g e d b y t h e m u n i c i p a l i t y, +)"(,1+"%G(# :50,7(5%2 !)*+,#- &5**(,&( a n d c a p u c i n s , m a n a g e d p r i v a t e ly b u t c o n s i d e r e d o f ' p u b l i c /$(+*+0"1+#' !"#$%&'() .-%"$& inter est'. t h er e i s a s eco n d i n d o o r m a r k e t i n t h e co u r s *+,-(" /,%G+"(#&5*/+1L )234)%&,"$5 v i c t o r h u g o w h i c h i s fa r l e s s p o p u l a r . d i f f e r e n t c o n s u m p t i o n 2"09(1"2 p a t t e r n s a p p e a r : w h i l e s t u d e n t s u s e t h e s u p e r m a r k e t f o r d a i ly g roceries, im mig r ants ten d to sh o p in small co m m erces, w h er e t h e r e i s a n a lt e r n a t i v e o f m i c r o c r e d i t s i f t h e y d o n ' t h a v e m o n e y. s t m i c h e l' s m a r k e t i s a l s o p o p u l a r a m o n g i m m i g r a n t s : so m e o f t h em b u y goo ds in t h e in fo r mal mar ke t t h at a r e n o t i n t e r e s t i n g i n f r a n c e t o t r av e l b ac k to t h ei r h o m e co u n t r i e s a n d r e-s e l l t h e m . .+/0&%12 *+,-(" 34%&"5,#6075 *+,-("8 *%&,5&,(9%" replaced by dwellings. The same goes for Place Saint-Michel, where shops have given way to lots of cafés and snack bars. The neighbourhood’s “elders” lament the departure of these businesses, which has greatly reduced the diversity of *%7,+1" /5/0)+"%51 neighbourhood shop signs. A long-time resident thus tells us: “Previously, on the 20/(,*+,-(" %&'()*')+ 2*+))#&5**(,&(2 square, there was watchmaker, a photographer, a butcher and an ironmonger, and nowadays, even if there are still plenty of businesses, there are a lot less”26. Economic Factors The Saint-Michel neighbourhood has a large number of ethnic businesses. The G(7("+:)(2 "*#(,-.)*') "(I"%)( 25*(#&)%(1"2# ,(2())#75592#%1# %1J5,*+)# installation of numerous foreign shops in Saint-Michel represents an essential +1"%H0%"%(2 "'(%,#&501",%(2# 5J#5,%7%1 *+,-(" resource for the North African population and, to a certain extent, for Sub-Saharan African residents27. These businesses offer certain job opportunities, and they *%7,+1" /5/0)+"%51 also enable many foreigners to purchase traditional products at better prices, and above all to enjoy advantageous payment conditions, i.e., credit: in Saint- Michel shops owned by foreigners, the practice of offering credit is common, +",,+&"%51#5J# and overall payments are authorized at the end of each month. “When people !"#$%&"' K(+)"'%(,# &)+22(2 !$(&"' $;<=>? @AB!=>?C know you in Saint-Michel, you can do your shopping with nothing in your !"#"#$ :5'(*%+1# :50,7(5%2 DEF=>? pocket”. Similarly, North African, Portuguese and Turkish restaurants offer really affordable prices, which at the same time attract French customers &'(+/(,# !(/,**)..)+$0 who appreciate foreign specialities; but they also enable immigrants in the G(7("+:)(2 "(*/5,+,L# 2"+))2 neighbourhood and in particular people living on their own, to eat according to their tastes and for less money. 2"09(1"2 3&)52(98 J559#+19#G(7("+:)(2
  • 9.
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  • 13.
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  • 19.
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  • 21.
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