Justice Admin PowerPoint
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This document discusses sexual abuse in juvenile corrections facilities. It begins by defining the Prison Rape Elimination Act (PREA) of 2003, which aims to eliminate sexual assault and rape in correctional settings. It then discusses the "code of silence" among both inmates and corrections staff that can enable illegal and unethical behavior. Statistics from a 2012 national survey find that 7.7% of youth in custody reported sexual victimization by staff, with some experiencing over 11 incidents. Specific examples from facilities in Tennessee and Louisiana illustrate how widespread and systemic the problem can be. The document raises important issues around protecting vulnerable youth in detention settings.
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California's Culture of Corrections
California: in 1980, ~ 220 people incarcerated / 100,000.
In 2010, ~731 people incarcerated/100,000
U.S. has highest incarceration rate in the world:
- England and Wales: 154 inmates per 100,000
- Iraq and Iran: 133 inmates per 100,000
- Canada : 116 inmates per 100,000
- Japan: 63 inmates per 100,000
http://www.inmatecountyjail.com
Female Crime and Violence
Trends in female crime are complex compared to male crime. While female crime makes up a smaller percentage, it has been increasing, especially for minor property crimes and substance abuse. There are differences in the types of crimes committed by men and women, with women more likely to commit property crimes like theft. The causes of female crime are varied and can include personal factors like education level, as well as family issues, lack of opportunities, and social or legal system failures. Understanding the underlying causes of female crime is important for developing strategies to reduce it.
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Female Criminality
The document discusses several theories of female criminality:
1) The masculinization theory proposes that women engage in more serious violent crimes when they exhibit typically masculine behaviors due to empowerment. However, it cannot explain criminality in third world societies.
2) The opportunity theory suggests that increasing opportunities for women has reduced violent crimes but increased property crimes. However, data does not fully support the theory's relationship between opportunities and crime based on region, class, and employment.
3) The marginalization theory argues that the marginalized positions of many women in terms of low wages, jobs, class, and family victimization can lead them into criminality. It is considered more valid than other theories due to its reliance
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This document discusses gender-based violence in the U.S., focusing on domestic abuse and sexual assault. It explores the historical relationship between patriarchy and violence against women. While such attitudes remain normalized in society today, women of all backgrounds experience these forms of violence. The document then outlines two approaches to addressing this issue: responding through improving police response and supporting survivors, and preventing further assaults through education and awareness programs. It stresses the importance of continued research to evaluate effective policies and methods for holding perpetrators accountable and changing social views.
The Effects of Crime on Individuals as Victims and Perpetrators
1) Crime can have significant emotional, practical, and financial impacts on victims. Victims often experience shock, fear, anxiety, depression, and changes in beliefs about safety after being victimized.
2) Both short term impacts like trauma and long term issues like PTSD are common in victims and depend on the type and severity of the crime. Ongoing domestic violence or child abuse victims can experience repeated trauma.
3) In addition to emotional effects, many victims face practical problems like repairs, lost wages, medical bills, and higher insurance costs due to the crime. Over 150,000 children in the UK are also affected each year by a parent's imprisonment.
Recommended
California's Culture of Corrections
California: in 1980, ~ 220 people incarcerated / 100,000.
In 2010, ~731 people incarcerated/100,000
U.S. has highest incarceration rate in the world:
- England and Wales: 154 inmates per 100,000
- Iraq and Iran: 133 inmates per 100,000
- Canada : 116 inmates per 100,000
- Japan: 63 inmates per 100,000
http://www.inmatecountyjail.com
Female Crime and Violence
Trends in female crime are complex compared to male crime. While female crime makes up a smaller percentage, it has been increasing, especially for minor property crimes and substance abuse. There are differences in the types of crimes committed by men and women, with women more likely to commit property crimes like theft. The causes of female crime are varied and can include personal factors like education level, as well as family issues, lack of opportunities, and social or legal system failures. Understanding the underlying causes of female crime is important for developing strategies to reduce it.
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2) The opportunity theory suggests that increasing opportunities for women has reduced violent crimes but increased property crimes. However, data does not fully support the theory's relationship between opportunities and crime based on region, class, and employment.
3) The marginalization theory argues that the marginalized positions of many women in terms of low wages, jobs, class, and family victimization can lead them into criminality. It is considered more valid than other theories due to its reliance
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This document discusses women who commit crimes in India. It notes that while most convicted offenders are male, women also engage in criminal acts like shoplifting, theft, fraud, and prostitution. The reasons women commit crimes include needing money, taking revenge, gaining power, or feeling unrewarded. While crimes by women are often underreported, the document argues they are on the rise in India. It provides examples of famous female criminals in India and examines how society and the legal system sometimes treat women criminals differently than men.
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This document discusses gender-based violence in the U.S., focusing on domestic abuse and sexual assault. It explores the historical relationship between patriarchy and violence against women. While such attitudes remain normalized in society today, women of all backgrounds experience these forms of violence. The document then outlines two approaches to addressing this issue: responding through improving police response and supporting survivors, and preventing further assaults through education and awareness programs. It stresses the importance of continued research to evaluate effective policies and methods for holding perpetrators accountable and changing social views.
The Effects of Crime on Individuals as Victims and Perpetrators
1) Crime can have significant emotional, practical, and financial impacts on victims. Victims often experience shock, fear, anxiety, depression, and changes in beliefs about safety after being victimized.
2) Both short term impacts like trauma and long term issues like PTSD are common in victims and depend on the type and severity of the crime. Ongoing domestic violence or child abuse victims can experience repeated trauma.
3) In addition to emotional effects, many victims face practical problems like repairs, lost wages, medical bills, and higher insurance costs due to the crime. Over 150,000 children in the UK are also affected each year by a parent's imprisonment.
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The document discusses several sociological theories about gender differences in criminal behavior. It notes that early theorists like Adler and Heidenschins argued that women had less opportunity to commit crimes because they were typically confined to the home. However, as women have taken on more roles outside the home, there are now new opportunities for female criminal behavior. It also discusses gender role theory and how societies encourage more risk-taking and aggressive behaviors in boys that may expose them to criminal acts. Theories about masculinity and how crime allows males to demonstrate masculinity are also covered. Different views are presented on whether female offenders are treated more leniently or harshly by the criminal justice system compared to men.
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- Official statistics show males are far more likely to be convicted of crimes than females. However, some argue these statistics underestimate female offending.
- There are three main questions raised: do women really commit fewer crimes; how do we explain female criminality; and why do males commit more crimes?
- Theories to explain gender differences in crime include functionalist sex role theory, patriarchal control theory, and the liberation thesis. Masculinity is also discussed as a factor in male criminality.
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The document discusses the effects of violent crime on victims and society. It notes that young males aged 16-24 are most likely to be victims, while the elderly are least likely. Victims can experience increased fear and vulnerability. Violent crime also affects communities by increasing rates of PTSD, depression, and perpetration of violence in witnesses. It impacts government services and policies through initiatives aimed at reducing gun, gang and knife crime.
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1) Males commit significantly more crimes than females according to official crime statistics. Males are more likely to reoffend, have longer criminal careers, and commit more serious offenses.
2) The chivalry theory proposes that the criminal justice system treats females more leniently due to protective attitudes towards women, but some studies have found no evidence of leniency in sentencing.
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There are gender differences in criminal offending rates, with males committing most crimes. Sociological theories seek to explain this difference. The functionalist sex role theory argues that females have a nurturing role that prevents crime. Control theory argues that greater societal control over females through domestic and public roles limits their opportunities and ability to offend. The patriarchal control thesis and gender deals theory build on this, suggesting controls in the home, public sphere, and workplace restrict females' activities and mobility. As females gain liberation from patriarchal constraints, the liberation thesis argues their crime rates may increase to match males.
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1) A survey of 160 residents in Tompkins County, NY found that over half believed child sexual abuse was a serious problem in their area, and most felt confident in their ability to identify inappropriate behaviors or signs of abuse.
2) Respondents were asked about their knowledge, attitudes and beliefs regarding child sexual abuse through phone interviews. However, the sample was not fully representative of the county population.
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The document discusses several sociological theories about gender differences in criminal behavior. It notes that early theorists like Adler and Heidenschins argued that women had less opportunity to commit crimes because they were typically confined to the home. However, as women have taken on more roles outside the home, there are now new opportunities for female criminal behavior. It also discusses gender role theory and how societies encourage more risk-taking and aggressive behaviors in boys that may expose them to criminal acts. Theories about masculinity and how crime allows males to demonstrate masculinity are also covered. Different views are presented on whether female offenders are treated more leniently or harshly by the criminal justice system compared to men.
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This document discusses gender patterns in crime based on official statistics and sociological theories. The key points are:
- Official statistics show males are far more likely to be convicted of crimes than females. However, some argue these statistics underestimate female offending.
- There are three main questions raised: do women really commit fewer crimes; how do we explain female criminality; and why do males commit more crimes?
- Theories to explain gender differences in crime include functionalist sex role theory, patriarchal control theory, and the liberation thesis. Masculinity is also discussed as a factor in male criminality.
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The document discusses the effects of violent crime on victims and society. It notes that young males aged 16-24 are most likely to be victims, while the elderly are least likely. Victims can experience increased fear and vulnerability. Violent crime also affects communities by increasing rates of PTSD, depression, and perpetration of violence in witnesses. It impacts government services and policies through initiatives aimed at reducing gun, gang and knife crime.
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1) Males commit significantly more crimes than females according to official crime statistics. Males are more likely to reoffend, have longer criminal careers, and commit more serious offenses.
2) The chivalry theory proposes that the criminal justice system treats females more leniently due to protective attitudes towards women, but some studies have found no evidence of leniency in sentencing.
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This document discusses theories around gender differences in crime and deviance. It notes that official crime statistics show most recorded crimes are committed by men. Various explanations for this are discussed, including biological theories, socialization/sex role theories, social control theories, and lack of opportunities. More recently, postmodern theories have looked at concepts like transgression. Theories have also examined how masculinity relates to crime, with some men feeling pressure to demonstrate aggression, control, and oppositional behavior to affirm their masculinity.
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Gender differences in offending rates can be explained by sociological theories. The chivalry thesis argues that women are less likely to be prosecuted due to leniency from male criminal justice agents. However, feminists believe the criminal justice system is patriarchal and punishes women harshly for deviating from gender norms. Sociological evidence suggests patriarchal control reduces female offending through domestic responsibilities and fear, while males use crime and violence to construct masculinity when lacking legitimate means.
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Unit 12 Sociological Theories Of Crime
Strain theory argues that people engage in crime due to strain or stress in their lives. They may commit crimes like violence, theft, or drug use to reduce or escape from strain caused by issues like harassment, financial problems, or abusive relationships. Social learning theory claims people learn criminal behavior through association with criminal peers and by being reinforced for criminal acts. Control theory takes a different approach, arguing that people naturally want to satisfy their desires through crime but refrain from it due to controls like rules, monitoring by authority figures, and the threat of sanctions.
Gender and crime draft
There are gender differences in criminal offending rates, with males committing most crimes. Sociological theories seek to explain this difference. The functionalist sex role theory argues that females have a nurturing role that prevents crime. Control theory argues that greater societal control over females through domestic and public roles limits their opportunities and ability to offend. The patriarchal control thesis and gender deals theory build on this, suggesting controls in the home, public sphere, and workplace restrict females' activities and mobility. As females gain liberation from patriarchal constraints, the liberation thesis argues their crime rates may increase to match males.
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Gender and crime revision crime and deviance A2- Lay out for an essay
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Similar to Justice Admin PowerPoint
ENOUGH%2520ABUSE%2520SURVEY%2520REPORT%2520%2528a%2529
1) A survey of 160 residents in Tompkins County, NY found that over half believed child sexual abuse was a serious problem in their area, and most felt confident in their ability to identify inappropriate behaviors or signs of abuse.
2) Respondents were asked about their knowledge, attitudes and beliefs regarding child sexual abuse through phone interviews. However, the sample was not fully representative of the county population.
3) The majority of respondents thought child sexual abuse was preventable and believed they would respond appropriately if they suspected abuse, though some answers may have been impacted by discomfort with the topic.
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Prevalence rates of male and female sexual violence perpetrators in a nationa...Center for Innovative Public Health Research
The study found that 8.5% of adolescents and young adults ages 13-20 reported perpetrating some form of sexual violence in their lifetime. Male perpetrators were more likely than females to report attempted rape or coercive sex. Female perpetrators tended to be older and victimize people older than themselves, while male perpetrators tended to be younger when they first offended and target younger victims. Very few sexual violence incidents were reported to authorities, with only one male perpetrator in the study reporting being arrested. The results provide initial nationwide estimates of adolescent sexual violence perpetration but have limitations due to sensitivity of the topic.Multidisciplinary Approach to Internet Child Pornography: Impact on its Victims
Kathleen Coulborn Faller Ph.D., James R. Marsh J.D., David L. Corwin M.D., and Joyanna Silberg Ph.D. present at the 2018 American Professional Society on the Abuse of Children Colloquium on characteristics of child pornography on the internet, research related to child sexual abuse on the internet, recent legislation and legal cases related to child sexual images on the internet, evaluating survivors of child sexual abuse on the internet, assessing damages for civil litigation involving child sexual abuse on the internet, treatment approaches for victims, and future directions.
What do we_know_about_sexual_abuse
Very few of us know that 73% of the rape victims know the rapists. Moreover, 40% of rapes happen at victim’s home and 20% occur in the homes of familiar people.
It turned out that most of us have no idea about the effective precautions needed to protect ourselves from the traumatic experience, because we expect danger from a wrong source. A widespread belief is that one should expect a rapist to sit in the bushes in the park late at night, while the reality is different.
My colleague Paulina Grzelak and I were astonished while exploring this topic, as we were quite oblivious to the real situation as well. Therefore, we decided to make a small questionnaire and ask people what they think about rape.
This presentation begins with the analysis of what makes a person become a rapist, which is followed by the comparison of the results of the questionnaire with real data.
I would be grateful if you shared this presentation as many people need this knowledge.
I also want to add that most figures we present come from the States where definition of rape and social situation may differ from ours. Hence, comparing data from the U.S. with opinions from Poland and Ukraine may seem improper. For instance, being forced into sexual contact by husband may not even be recognized as rape in Ukraine, “because it’s his natural right”. And even if a wife admits this fact, social welfare system (which does not exist here, let’s face it) leaves her no option apart from remaining silent, while in the U.S. rape victims are less dependent on family members. Therefore, one has to approach the statistics carefully. Still, we believe that using American data can be justified by the fact that they explore the subject more than any other country.
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We Can Do More
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2) Key provisions and requirements of laws like the Wetterling Act, Megan's Law, and the AWA, including expanding registries to include juveniles and retroactivity.
3) Issues with the AWA including overburdening state budgets, placing unnecessary burdens on law enforcement, targeting juveniles and families, undermining rehabilitation, creating a false sense of security, and compromising community safety.
4) Recommendations including repe
realities of sexual assault
This document discusses facts and statistics about the incidence and prevalence of sexual assault in the United States. It finds that the actual rate of sexual assault is 10 to 15 times greater than reported statistics, with studies showing that 24% of women have experienced sexual assault. Most sexual assaults are perpetrated by someone known to the victim, such as a date or acquaintance, rather than a stranger. Acquaintance rapes are less likely to be reported to police compared to stranger rapes. The document examines statistics from various studies and surveys on sexual assault.
Presented byJohn Lynch, Yamhill Co. Juv. Dept.SUPERVISION .docx
Presented by
John Lynch, Yamhill Co. Juv. Dept.
SUPERVISION & TREATMENT
OF SEXUAL OFFENDERS
1
Almost every hand you’ve shaken has touched a penis.
THINK ABOUT THIS
FOR A SECOND…
To gain knowledge regarding the broad range of considerations when supervising offenders who have committed sexual offenses and to examine effective intervention strategies.
LEARNING GOAL
Myths about sex offenders
Common characteristics of sex offenders
Sexual offense recidivism rates
Risk factors that are/are not associated
with recidivism
Common tactics of sex offenders
WE WILL COVER…
“Success-oriented” supervision model
The importance of communication
Specialized supervision conditions and
success-oriented goals
How to respond to violations
WE WILL COVER…
Effective interventions
Common treatment goals
Use of the polygraph
Doing your job better & reducing your
stress
WE WILL COVER…
SEX OFFENDER VERSION
7
Most sexual offenses are committed by strangers.
Most sexual offenses are committed by someone known to the victim or victim’s family, regardless if the victim is a child or an adult.
Approximately 60% of boys and 80% of girls who are sexually victimized are abused by someone known to the child or the child’s family.
From 2005 to 2010, 78% of sexual violence involved an offender who was a family member, intimate partner, friend, or acquaintance.
Debunking the Myths
Bullet 2 – (60% boys / 80% girls) is from Lieb, Quinsey, and Berliner, 1998.
In a 2009 study conducted by the US Dept. of Justice, Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, 13,471 juvenile sex offender cases were evaluated which revealed that in 88.2% of reported incidents, the victim was either a family member or acquaintance.
Only 2.5% involved a victim who was considered a stranger to the offender.
Victim Relationship
Rape and sexual assault victimizations against females by victim-offender relationship
1994–1998, 1999–2004, and 2005–2010Victim-Offender Relationship1994-19981999-20042005-2010Stranger
Non-stranger21%
79%25%
75%22%
78%Intimate Partner
(includes former spouse, BF, GF)28%30%34%Relative9%3%6%Acquaintance42%42%38%
Source: Bureau of Justice Statistics, National Crime Victimization Survey, 1994–2010.
Female Victims of Sexual Violence, 1994-2010 (March 2013). Special report published by the US Dept. of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Bureau of Justice Statistics.
Sexual offense rates are higher than ever and continue to climb.
Despite the increase in publicity about sexual crimes, from 1995 to 2010, the estimated annual rate of female (age 12 or older) rape or sexual assault victimizations has declined 58%.
Debunking the Myths
Only a fraction of those who commit sexual offenses are apprehended and convicted for their crimes.
Debunking the Myths
Debunking the Myths
This figure taken from the Rape, Abuse & Incest National Network (RAINN) website, acces.
Preventing Child Sexual Abuse: A State Level Response
This document summarizes efforts in New Jersey to prevent child sexual abuse. It reports that in 2012, 950 cases of child sexual abuse were reported in New Jersey, representing 9.5% of all child maltreatment cases. An adverse childhood experience study found that approximately 1 million women and 750,000 men in New Jersey experienced child sexual abuse. A 2010 policy paper on preventing child abuse in New Jersey recommended better educating adults and youth, improving data collection, mandating counseling for juvenile offenders, and allowing flexibility for law enforcement. The Prevent Child Abuse New Jersey organization leads a campaign to educate communities and mobilize efforts to prevent abuse through strategies, training tools, and policy priorities like the Personal Space & Privacy campaign and Safe
Ft huachuca presentation
This is the presentation I am giving today (6.19.2014) at Ft. Huachuca (home of U.S. Army Intelligence Center) on male survivors of sexual abuse (including military rape).
2014
The document discusses ensuring safety and empowerment of women in India. It outlines several issues facing women such as inequality, crimes like rape and sexual assault, and educational barriers. The government has introduced some measures like stricter rape laws and fast-track courts. Proposed solutions include sex education, safer public transport, legal awareness campaigns, and legalizing prostitution with regulations. Challenges to implementing solutions are outdated cultural beliefs, narrow-mindedness, slow government amendments, and lack of awareness and confidence among women. The conclusion stresses the need for strict implementation of existing laws and justice system rather than new laws.
Youth Justice Reform
The study examined the impact of specialized services and placement types on commercially sexually exploited youth in Los Angeles County. Youth participated through surveys and interviews to provide their perspectives. Key findings included that youth preferred smaller, home-like placements but appreciated broader activities in larger placements. Specialized services and medium-sized group homes were associated with longer placement stability. While no single placement or service helped all youth, consistent support from caring, non-judgmental staff and maintaining family/peer relationships were important for well-being and healing. The study provided insights to develop more supportive, youth-centered systems.
11 Sex Offenders Assessment and TreatmentShahid M. Shahidullah an.docx
11 Sex Offenders: Assessment and Treatment
Shahid M. Shahidullah and Diane L. GreenINTRODUCTION
There has been a rapid growth and expansion of correctional institutions in America in the1980s and 1990s. Between 1982 and 2003, correctional expenditures for all levels of government, including federal, state, and local, increased 573 percent. In 1982, total correctional expenditures were about $9.1 billion. In 2003, they increased to about $60.9 billion (Bureau of Justice Statistics, 2006). This rapid growth in correctional expenditures was accompanied with rapid growth in incarcerated population. In 2004, there were about 7 million people in America who were in prison, or jail, or in probation. Between 1995 and 2005, the incarcerated population in America grew at an annual rate of about 3.4 percent (Bureau of Justice Statistics, 2005). In 2001, about $38.2 billion was spent by the state authorities for corrections, and out of that about $28.4 billion was spent for adult correctional facilities. In 2001, about 59 percent of the justice expenditures of the states were for corrections alone.
This growth and expansion in corrections has brought, particularly for the states, not only new prisons and prison jobs but also new responsibilities and concerns for offender management. In the context of the emerging policy model of prison reentry, correctional institutions are being increasingly asked to build a bridge between prison and communities, particularly through a model of offender management that can reduce recidivism and strengthen reentry and reintegration. A new managerial paradigm is currently growing in American corrections that emphasizes that offender management should be seen in terms of a more holistic and comprehensive perspective—a perspective that can combine risk assessment and treatment with new goals and planning for their reentry and offender management in the communities (MacKenzie, 2001). This new model has expanded particularly in the area of sex offender management, and its expansion is planned and guided nationally by the Center for Sex Offender Management [CSOM]—a federal program established in 1997 by the Office of Justice Programs, U.S. Department of Justice, in collaboration with the National Institute of Justice, National Institute of Corrections, State Justice Institute, and the American Probation and Parole Association.
The core of the CSOM model is that sex offender management must begin with effective assessment and treatment of sex offenders inside the prison. Reentry and recidivism depend on whether the risk of reoffending was effectively assessed, and suitable treatment plans were made and offered. The postincarceration success of sex offender registration, notification, tracking, and management is now seen as intimately connected with effective sex offender assessment and treatment during incarceration in prison. It is because of this emerging comprehensive approach that correctional institutions are reexamining ...
Sex Offender Sense - New Name Ministries
This document provides information about sex offenders and discusses ways to reduce risk and promote rehabilitation. It notes that not all sex offenders are predators or child molesters, and that treatment can significantly reduce recidivism rates. While some laws target the small percentage of dangerous offenders, they affect all cases. The document encourages establishing boundaries, acknowledging the possibility of change, understanding recidivism risks, and allowing the church to help rehabilitate offenders through trained policies and procedures. The overall message is one of pursuing balanced policies and rehabilitation over fear and punishment alone.
Panel: Healthy Sexuality, Pornography, and Porn Literacy
Jess Alder (Program Director, Start Strong, Boston Public Health Commission), Nicole Daley (Director of Evaluation and Engagement, One Love Foundation), and Emily F. Rothman, ScD (Professor, Boston University School of Public Health) delved into the topic of whether porn use is a public health problem and highlighted a curriculum they developed for teens to discuss porn, healthy relationships, and sexual violence.
Predicting adolescent sexual behavior by sexual identity and sexual attraction
Predicting adolescent sexual behavior by sexual identity and sexual attractionCenter for Innovative Public Health Research
This study analyzed data from 5,100 cisgender youth to examine the relationships between sexual orientation identity, attraction, and behavior in adolescence. It found that while 90.6% identified as exclusively heterosexual, some in this group reported same-sex attraction or behavior. Additionally, lesbian youth were more likely than gay youth to report opposite-sex sexual experiences. The results indicate that sexual orientation is complex and fluid in teens, and cannot be defined solely by identity, attraction or behavior.Break the Silence Project Overview
An overview and summary on the research done for the Break the Silence: End Child Abuse Campaign. by Rhoda Reddock, The University of the West Indies, St Augustine Campus, Trinidad and Tobago.
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This presentation examines the relationship between self-control, family structure, and other factors. The presenter hypothesized that higher parental attachment, participation in hobbies/sports/religion, and living with both biological parents would be associated with higher self-control. Analyses of survey data found parental attachment and activities like sports were correlated with self-control. Children from traditional families also had significantly higher self-control than those from other family arrangements. The study provided support for prior theories linking parental relationships and self-control.
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Justice Admin PowerPoint
- 1. SEXUAL ABUSE IN JUVENILE CORRECTIONS: TRADING ONE HELL FOR ANOTHER MELISSA S. BLEININGER JUSTICE ADMINISTRATION WITH PROFESSOR DAVID GRAFF KENT STATE UNIVERSITY AT TUSCARAWAS FALL 2015
- 2. PREA: PRISON RAPE AND ELIMINATION ACT OF 2003 • PURPOSE: DETECT, PUNISH, REDUCE, ELIMINATE, AND PREVENT RAPE AND SEXUAL ASSAULT IN CORRECTIONAL FACILITIES. • FEDERAL, STATE, LOCAL PRISONS AND JAILS, INSTITUTIONAL FACILITIES, AND COMMUNITY RESIDENTIAL FACILITIES. • GUIDELINES: ANY SEXUAL ACTS OR BEHAVIORS PERPETRATED BY STAFF, VOLUNTEER, OR AGENCY REPRESENTATIVE TOWARD OFFENDER. • CONSENSUAL OR NONCONSENSUAL. • ZERO TOLERANCE POLICY.
- 3. “CODE OF SILENCE”: NOT JUST FOR OFFENDER (ASBRIDGE, 2007) • WHAT IS THE “CODE OF SILENCE?”: • OFFENDER: UNWRITTEN UNDERSTANDING BETWEEN ONE ANOTHER • NOT TO REPORT “VIOLATIONS OR CRIMINAL ACTIVITY”, BY OTHER INMATES. • CORRECTIONS EMPLOYEES: UNSPOKEN RULE BETWEEN MANY EMPLOYEES • MAINTAINS LOYALTY BETWEEN STAFF (USUALLY EXCLUDES ADMINISTRATORS). • CAN LEAD TO LACK OF REPORTING “UNETHICAL AND/OR ILLEGAL BEHAVIOR, BY FELLOW EMPLOYEES. • PROBLEMS: ENDANGERS SAFETY AND SECURITY, REPUTATION AND LEGITIMACY OF PROFESSION, INCREASES VIOLENCE.
- 4. JUVENILE VICTIMIZATION: BY THE NUMBERS (U.S. DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE: NATIONAL SURVEY OF YOUTH IN CUSTODY, 2012) • VICTIMIZATION PREVALENCE: • REPORTED INCIDENT WAS 7.7% (1,390) • MALE JUVENILES/FEMALE STAFF 89.1% • MALE JUVENILES/MALE AND FEMALE STAFF 3.0% • SAMPLE: 91% MALE AND 44% FEMALE • MULTIPLE INCIDENTS 85.9%; ELEVEN OR MORE 20.4% • INITIATED BY STAFF 36.4%; BY JUVENILE 17.4%; ALTERNATING 46.3% • GIVEN DRUGS/ALCOHOL 21.5% • REPORTED SEXUAL CONTACT (NONCONSENSUAL): 3.5%; CONSENSUAL: 4.7% • DECLINE: FIRST SURVEY 2008-2009 WAS 12.6%; 2012 WAS 9.9% • NONCONSENSUAL IN 2008-2009 WAS 4.5%; 2012 WAS 3.6% • CONSENSUAL IN 2008-2009 WAS 6.7%; 2012 WAS 5.1% • BY SEX: MALES 8.2%; FEMALES 2.8% • BY RACE: BLACK 9.6%; WHITE 6.4%; HISPANIC 6.4%
- 5. A CLOSER LOOK… • WOODLAND HILLS YOUTH DEVELOPMENT CENTER IN TENNESSEE: • INCIDENTS REPORTED: 9 OUT OF 10 MALE JUVENILE BY FEMALE STAFF MEMBER • HISTORY OF SEXUALLY ABUSIVE STAFF • 2010 TENNESSEAN (NEWSPAPER) INVESTIGATION: • 17 YEAR OLD CONTRACTED CHLAMYDIA FROM MEMBER OF KITCHEN STAFF • SAME STAFF MEMBER COHABITATED WITH DIFFERENT JUVENILE UPON HIS RELEASE • FEMALE CORRECTIONAL OFFICER MARRIED ONE OF HER FORMER JUVENILE CHARGES • LOUISIANA 1996 INVESTIGATION OF (STATE FACILITIES) JENSEN, SWANSON, BRIDGE CITY, AND (PRIVATELY-OWNED) TALLULAH: • ALL FOUR FOUND DANGEROUS, UP TO AND INCLUDING LIFE- THREATENING • SEXUAL ABUSE WAS TAKING PLACE BUT NOT MAIN FOCUS OF INVESTIGATION, ONLY MENTIONED **IT HAPPENS EVERYWHERE!!!**
- 6. Sherrie Brown-Braswell Juvenile Correctional Officer Raleigh, N.C. Arizona Youth Corrections Officer
- 7. QUESTIONS??? • WHAT DOES “PREA” STAND FOR? • A) PROFESSIONAL REALTORS EMPLOYMENT AGENCY • B) PENSION REAL ESTATE ASSOCIATION • C) PRISON RETIREMENT AND EDUCATION ACCOUNT • D) PRISON RAPE ELIMINATION ACT
- 8. Questions??? What does “PREA” stand for? A) Professional Realtors Employment Agency B) Pension Real Estate Association C) Prison Retirement and Education Account D) Prison Rape Elimination Act
- 9. QUESTIONS??? ACCORDING TO THE NATIONAL SURVEY OF YOUTH IN CUSTODY 2012, THERE WERE JUVENILES SEXUALLY ABUSED BY STAFF ELEVEN OR MORE TIMES. WHAT WAS THAT PERCENTAGE? A) 13.1% B) 20.4% C) 62.7% D) 85.9%
- 10. QUESTIONS??? According to the national survey of youth in custody 2012, there were juveniles sexually victimized by staff more eleven or more times. what was that percentage? A) 13.1% B) 20.4% C) 62.7% D) 85.9%
- 11. BIBLIOGRAPHY Abner, Carrie E., Jane Browning, and John Clark. 2009. “PREA.” in Preventing And Responding to Corrections-Based Sexual Abuse: A Guide For Community Professionals. American Probation and Parole Association. Retrieved October, 2015. (https://www.appanet.org/eweb/docs/APPA/pubs/ PRCBSA.pdf). Asbridge, Caleb S. 2007. “Sexual Assault In Juvenile Corrections: A Preventable Tragedy.” in Corrections Today. Retrieved November, 2015. (http://www.azdjc.gov/FactsNews/PREA/Sexual%20Assault%20Article.pdf). Beck, Allen J., David Cantor, John Hartge, and Tim Smith. 2012. “Sexual Victimization in Juvenile Facilities Reported by Youth, 2012. in Bureau of Justice Statistics. Retrieved October, 2015. (http://www.bjs.gov/content/pub/pdf/svjfry12.pdf). Katz Pinzler, Isabelle. 1996. “Findings of Investigation of Secure Correctional Facilities for Juveniles in Louisiana.” in The United States Department of Justice. Retrieved October, 2015. (http://www.justice.gov/crt/louisiana-juveniles- findings-letter-1). Vorhees, Josh. 2014. “The Dark Secret of Juvenile Detention Centers.” in Slate. Retrieved October, 2015. (http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/politics/2014/09/woodland_hill s_youth_development_center_the_dark_secret_of_juvenile_detention.html).
- 12. THANK YOU!!!