1. NAME:JULIET INOCENTES<br />SUBJECT:DEVELOPMENTAL READING I<br />TOPIC:PRONUCIATION VARIATION OF SOME CONSONANTS<br />The consonant categories<br />The full set of basic IPA consonant categories is shown in the table below:<br />The subset of 22 IPA symbols relevant to English dictionary-style pronunciations is given below:<br />Of these, some have basically their normal value in English spelling: p, b, t, d, k, g, m, n, f, v, s, z, l.<br />The quot;
right-tailed nquot;
is the velar nasal sound at the end of quot;
hangquot;
or quot;
ringquot;
.<br />The alveolar tap quot;
fishhookquot;
is the sound that spelled quot;
tquot;
or quot;
dquot;
becomes (for most American speakers) in quot;
Peterquot;
or quot;
ladderquot;
or quot;
at allquot;
.<br />The interdental fricatives quot;
thetaquot;
and quot;
ethquot;
are the sounds at the start of quot;
thinquot;
and quot;
thisquot;
respectively.<br />The palatal fricatives quot;
eshquot;
and quot;
yoghquot;
are the sounds in the middle of quot;
ashenquot;
and quot;
azurequot;
respectively.<br />The palatal approximant j is essentially the consonant spelled 'y' in English, as in quot;
yieldquot;
or quot;
yesquot;
.<br />In addition to the consonants in this table, you will need a few other things:<br />The consonant w, as in quot;
willquot;
or quot;
wallabyquot;
-- due to a peculiarity of IPA classification, it does not appear in the main consonant table.<br />To make quot;
affricatesquot;
such as the initial sounds in quot;
chunkquot;
or quot;
jestquot;
, you need to combine a stop and a fricative. For English, there are two cases:<br />the voiceless palatal affricate (like the start of quot;
chipquot;
) which in IPA is written <br />the voiced palatal affricate (like the start of quot;
jutquot;
) which in IPA is written <br />Stress is marked before the affected syllable; primary stress is marked by a raised vertical line, while secondary stress is marked by a lowered vertical line. Thus quot;
Californiaquot;
is written <br />Writing IPA with ASCII<br />For the consonants, given the obvious correspondences [p] [t] [k] [b] [d] [g] [m] [n] [s] [f] [v] [l] [r] [j] [w] [h], the following should suffice:<br />ethDleft-tail nJeng (right-tail n)NeshSthetaTezh (yogh)Zglottal stop?<br />For main stress, use double quote marks (quot;
), and for secondary stress, use percentage sign (%).<br />
![NAME:JULIET INOCENTES<br />SUBJECT:DEVELOPMENTAL READING I<br />TOPIC:PRONUCIATION VARIATION OF SOME CONSONANTS<br />The consonant categories<br />The full set of basic IPA consonant categories is shown in the table below:<br />The subset of 22 IPA symbols relevant to English dictionary-style pronunciations is given below:<br />Of these, some have basically their normal value in English spelling: p, b, t, d, k, g, m, n, f, v, s, z, l.<br />The quot;
right-tailed nquot;
is the velar nasal sound at the end of quot;
hangquot;
or quot;
ringquot;
.<br />The alveolar tap quot;
fishhookquot;
is the sound that spelled quot;
tquot;
or quot;
dquot;
becomes (for most American speakers) in quot;
Peterquot;
or quot;
ladderquot;
or quot;
at allquot;
.<br />The interdental fricatives quot;
thetaquot;
and quot;
ethquot;
are the sounds at the start of quot;
thinquot;
and quot;
thisquot;
respectively.<br />The palatal fricatives quot;
eshquot;
and quot;
yoghquot;
are the sounds in the middle of quot;
ashenquot;
and quot;
azurequot;
respectively.<br />The palatal approximant j is essentially the consonant spelled 'y' in English, as in quot;
yieldquot;
or quot;
yesquot;
.<br />In addition to the consonants in this table, you will need a few other things:<br />The consonant w, as in quot;
willquot;
or quot;
wallabyquot;
-- due to a peculiarity of IPA classification, it does not appear in the main consonant table.<br />To make quot;
affricatesquot;
such as the initial sounds in quot;
chunkquot;
or quot;
jestquot;
, you need to combine a stop and a fricative. For English, there are two cases:<br />the voiceless palatal affricate (like the start of quot;
chipquot;
) which in IPA is written <br />the voiced palatal affricate (like the start of quot;
jutquot;
) which in IPA is written <br />Stress is marked before the affected syllable; primary stress is marked by a raised vertical line, while secondary stress is marked by a lowered vertical line. Thus quot;
Californiaquot;
is written <br />Writing IPA with ASCII<br />For the consonants, given the obvious correspondences [p] [t] [k] [b] [d] [g] [m] [n] [s] [f] [v] [l] [r] [j] [w] [h], the following should suffice:<br />ethDleft-tail nJeng (right-tail n)NeshSthetaTezh (yogh)Zglottal stop?<br />For main stress, use double quote marks (quot;
), and for secondary stress, use percentage sign (%).<br />](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/juls-110728023043-phpapp01/85/Juls-1-320.jpg)
