Judaism is associated with the Jewish people, who can be described as both an ethnic or religious group. Throughout Jewish literature, the Jewish people are referred to as "the Children of Israel," implying a shared lineage and descent from the patriarch Jacob, also known as Israel. As a nation, Israel refers to those who acknowledge and obey the one God through the Torah and teachings of the patriarchs and prophets like Moses. Historically, Jews have been a nomadic people, but in the 20th century a state was founded in what is considered the ancestral homeland after the Holocaust.

1. What is Judaism?
Is Judaism a Religion?
Clearly, there is a religion called Judaism, a set of ideas about the world and the way we should
live our lives that is called "Judaism." It is studied in Religious Studies courses and taught to
Jewish children in Hebrew schools. See What do Jews Believe? for details. There is a lot of
flexibility about certain aspects of those beliefs, and a lot of disagreement about specifics, but
that flexibility is built into the organized system of belief that is Judaism.
Are Jews a Race?
In the 1980s, the United States Supreme Court ruled that Jews are a race, at least for purposes of
certain anti-discrimination laws. Their reasoning: at the time these laws were passed, people
routinely spoke of the "Jewish race" or the "Italian race" as well as the "Negro race," so that is
what the legislators intended to protect.
Is It a Culture or Ethnic Group?
Most secular American Jews think of their Jewishness as a matter of culture or ethnicity. When
they think of Jewish culture, they think of the food, of the Yiddish language, of some limited
holiday observances, and of cultural values like the emphasis on education.
Are the Jews a Nation?
The traditional explanation, and the one given in the Torah, is that the Jews are a nation. The
Hebrew word, believe it or not, is "goy." The Torah and the rabbis used this term not in the
modern sense meaning a territorial and political entity, but in the ancient sense meaning a group
of people with a common history, a common destiny, and a sense that we are all connected to
each other.
Judaism
• Judaism: Unlike Christianity or Islam, has no ‘founder.’ It is associated with the Jewish people
who can either be described as an ethnic or religious group.
• Throughout the Bible and Jewish literature, the Jewish people are referred to as "the Children of
Israel," a reference to the fact that we are all the physical or spiritual descendants of the
Patriarch Jacob, who was later called Israel. In other words, we are part of his extended family
• ‘Israel’ refers to those who answer the call of God and who acknowledge and strive to obey the
one God through the Torah, or ‘teaching’ given to the patriarchs-- Abraham, Isaac, Jacob--
Moses and the prophets.
• As a nation, ‘Israel’ is a nomadic people throughout history.

2. • After the holocaust, in the twentieth century (during World War 11), a state was founded on
what is considered the homeland of their ancestors
• Jewish history begins with stories recounted in the Hebrew Bible or ‘Tanaka’ (a different version
of what Christians call the Old Testament).
• The stories of the Tanaka end around the second century BCE. But the Jewish history does not
end there.
• Jewish teachings and traditional practices were eventually compiled in what is called the
Talmud.
• Jews believe that the Pentateuch, the ‘five books of Moses’ are the most sacred of scriptures.
These books appear at the beginning of the Tanaka.
• Believed that these books were revealed to Moses and written down by him as a single
document.
• Covenant between God and the Jewish people where the people were expected to be obedient
to God. One the divine side, God was expected to grant special favors