pregnancy related information

1. Pregnancy & dietPregnancy & diet
Optimum nutrition before, during & afterOptimum nutrition before, during & after
pregnancypregnancy
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2. Deffination of pregnancyDeffination of pregnancy
 Pregnancy is the fertilization & developmentPregnancy is the fertilization & development
of one or more offspring, known as an embroyof one or more offspring, known as an embroy
or fetus in a woman uterus.or fetus in a woman uterus.
 In women who have a menstrual cycle lengthIn women who have a menstrual cycle length
of four weeks, this is approximately 40 weeksof four weeks, this is approximately 40 weeks
from the start of the last normal menstrualfrom the start of the last normal menstrual
period (LNMP).period (LNMP).
LMP = last menstrual periodLMP = last menstrual period

3. Stage of pregnancyStage of pregnancy

4. 11stst
TrimesterTrimester
Pre-implantation periodPre-implantation period
 During the first trimester your body undergoes many changes.During the first trimester your body undergoes many changes.
Hormonal changes affect almost every organ system in yourHormonal changes affect almost every organ system in your
body. These changes can trigger symptoms even in the verybody. These changes can trigger symptoms even in the very
first weeks of pregnancy. Other changes may include:first weeks of pregnancy. Other changes may include:
 Extreme tirednessExtreme tiredness
 Tender, swollen breasts. Your nipples might also stick out.Tender, swollen breasts. Your nipples might also stick out.
 Upset stomach with or without throwing up (morningUpset stomach with or without throwing up (morning
sickness)sickness)
 Cravings or distaste for certain foodsCravings or distaste for certain foods
 Mood swingsMood swings
 Constipation (trouble having bowel movements)Constipation (trouble having bowel movements)
 Need to pass urine more oftenNeed to pass urine more often
 HeadacheHeadache
 HeartburnHeartburn
 Weight gain or lossWeight gain or loss
 It’s time to high risk of abortionIt’s time to high risk of abortion

5. 22ndnd
TrimesterTrimester
Formation of major organFormation of major organ
 Most women find the second trimester of pregnancy easierMost women find the second trimester of pregnancy easier
than the first.than the first.
 You might notice that symptoms like nausea and fatigue areYou might notice that symptoms like nausea and fatigue are
going away. But other new, more noticeable changes to yourgoing away. But other new, more noticeable changes to your
body are now happening. Your abdomen will expand as thebody are now happening. Your abdomen will expand as the
baby continues to grow. And before this trimester is over, youbaby continues to grow. And before this trimester is over, you
will feel your baby beginning to move!will feel your baby beginning to move!
 As your body changes to make room for your growing baby,As your body changes to make room for your growing baby,
you may have:you may have:
 Body aches, such as back, abdomen, or thigh painBody aches, such as back, abdomen, or thigh pain
 Stretch marks on your abdomen, breasts, thighs, or buttocksStretch marks on your abdomen, breasts, thighs, or buttocks
 A line on the skin running from belly button to pubic hairlineA line on the skin running from belly button to pubic hairline
 Patches of darker skin, usually over the cheeks, forehead,Patches of darker skin, usually over the cheeks, forehead,
nose, or upper lip. Patches often match on both sides of thenose, or upper lip. Patches often match on both sides of the
face. This is sometimes called the mask of pregnancy.face. This is sometimes called the mask of pregnancy.
 Numb or tingling hands, called carpal tunnel syndromeNumb or tingling hands, called carpal tunnel syndrome

6. 33rdrd
TrimesterTrimester
Rapid growth of organ & preparation for laborRapid growth of organ & preparation for labor
periodperiod
 Some of the same discomforts you had in your secondSome of the same discomforts you had in your second
trimester will continue. Plus, many women find breathingtrimester will continue. Plus, many women find breathing
difficult This is because the baby is getting bigger and itisdifficult This is because the baby is getting bigger and itis
putting more pressure on your organs.putting more pressure on your organs.
 Some new body changes you might notice in the thirdSome new body changes you might notice in the third
trimester include:trimester include:
 Shortness of breathShortness of breath
 HeartburnHeartburn
 Swelling of the ankles, fingers, and face.Swelling of the ankles, fingers, and face.
 HemorrhoidsHemorrhoids
 Tender breasts, which may leak a watery pre-milk calledTender breasts, which may leak a watery pre-milk called
colostrumscolostrums
 Trouble sleepingTrouble sleeping
 The baby "dropping", or moving lower in your abdomenThe baby "dropping", or moving lower in your abdomen
 Contractions, which can be a sign of real/false labor.Contractions, which can be a sign of real/false labor.

7. Reproductive organReproductive organ

8. Function of reproductive organFunction of reproductive organ
…………..UterusUterus …………
 a. Houses and nourishesa. Houses and nourishes
fetus until sufficientlyfetus until sufficiently
mature to function outsidemature to function outside
the mother’s bodythe mother’s body
b. Uterine muscles propelsb. Uterine muscles propels
fetus outside.fetus outside.
………….Placenta……...Placenta……..
MeatabolismMeatabolism
Transport &Transport &
enables your blood to passenables your blood to pass
across nutrients and oxygenacross nutrients and oxygen
to the baby, and wasteto the baby, and waste
products like carbon dioxideproducts like carbon dioxide
to go back from baby toto go back from baby to
mother. It acts as the lung,mother. It acts as the lung,
kidney and digestive systemkidney and digestive system
for the baby.for the baby.

9. Reproductive hormone in pregnancyReproductive hormone in pregnancy
 EstrozenEstrozen
 ProzesteronProzesteron
 Gonadotopic (HCG)Gonadotopic (HCG)
 OxetocineOxetocine
 RelaxineRelaxine
 ProlactineProlactine
 TostesteronTostesteron
 vasopressinevasopressine
 ErothropoetineErothropoetine
 THSTHS
 InsulineInsuline
 AdrenalineAdrenaline
 EndrolineEndroline

11. Physical change during pregnancyPhysical change during pregnancy

12. tired all the timetired all the time
Breast become biggerBreast become bigger
incontinence? (lose control of your blodder)incontinence? (lose control of your blodder)
Hair falling off !!Hair falling off !!
Increase GFR rateIncrease GFR rate
Decrease Gastric toneDecrease Gastric tone
Increase WERIncrease WER
Weight gain (11-12.5)Weight gain (11-12.5)
Increase blood volumeIncrease blood volume
Increase BMR rateIncrease BMR rate
Hormonal imbalanceHormonal imbalance
Increase toptal water in bodyIncrease toptal water in body
Change’sChange’s

13. Complication of pregnancyComplication of pregnancy
 Nausea & VomitingNausea & Vomiting
 ToxemiaToxemia
 AnemiaAnemia
 ConstipationConstipation
 Gestetional diabete’sGestetional diabete’s
 Respiretory problemRespiretory problem
 Over weightOver weight
 Under weightUnder weight
 Placental abruptonPlacental abrupton
 EdemaEdema
 AlbumunuriaAlbumunuria
 Lower back painLower back pain
 DehydrationDehydration
 Placenta bleedingPlacenta bleeding
 DepressionDepression
 HTNHTN
 Fetal problemFetal problem
 MiscarriageMiscarriage
 InfectionInfection

14. Cause’sCause’s

15. ComplicationComplication

16. Epidemiology of pregnancyEpidemiology of pregnancy

17. Nutrition during pregnancyNutrition during pregnancy
Calorie =Calorie =
 +300 k.cal/day+300 k.cal/day
 Because of increaseBecause of increase
hormonal secreationhormonal secreation
 For developing fetus &For developing fetus &
uterusuterus
 Extra weight gainExtra weight gain

18. Protein =Protein =
 +10-15 gm/day+10-15 gm/day
 Developing placentaDeveloping placenta
&uterus, fetus&uterus, fetus
 For mother healtFor mother healt
developmentdevelopment
 Making R.B.C & bloodMaking R.B.C & blood
meterial’smeterial’s
 Formation of child’sFormation of child’s
organorgan

19. Calcium=Calcium=
 +500-+600mg/day+500-+600mg/day
 For developing &For developing &
forming bone forforming bone for
maothe & childmaothe & child
 Formation of bloodFormation of blood
 Supporting role for P &Supporting role for P &
vit D metabolismvit D metabolism

20. Iron (Fe) =Iron (Fe) =
 +10mg/day+10mg/day
 produce allthe blood neededproduce allthe blood needed
to supply nutrition to theto supply nutrition to the
placenta.placenta.
 Iron is more easily absorbedIron is more easily absorbed
if it is taken in conjunctionif it is taken in conjunction
with vitamin C - either as awith vitamin C - either as a
supplement or in citrus fruitsupplement or in citrus fruit
or juice. Tea and coffee canor juice. Tea and coffee can
interfere with the body'sinterfere with the body's
absorption of ironabsorption of iron
 Storage for childStorage for child

21. Zinc (Zn)=Zinc (Zn)=
 +11mg/day+11mg/day
 Zinc is necessary for theZinc is necessary for the
action of variousaction of various
important enzymes likeimportant enzymes like
carbonic dehydrogenasecarbonic dehydrogenase
 It is required for proteinIt is required for protein
synthesis and also forsynthesis and also for
DNAand RNA synthesisDNAand RNA synthesis
in body cells.in body cells.
 Zinc accelerates theZinc accelerates the
process ofhealing ofprocess ofhealing of
wounds.wounds.
 Formation of insulineFormation of insuline

22. Vitamin’s =Vitamin’s =

23. Function of vitamin’s =Function of vitamin’s =
 Vitamin’s are group ofVitamin’s are group of
anti-oxidant.anti-oxidant.
 acts as mediators foracts as mediators for
cellregulationcellregulation
 They also act ascoenzymes.They also act ascoenzymes.
 Thus it aids in theThus it aids in the
transportation field also .transportation field also .
 Increase immunityIncrease immunity
 Vitamin B7 also known asVitamin B7 also known as
biotin is responsible for thebiotin is responsible for the
formation of fatty acidsformation of fatty acids

24. Formation of free radicalFormation of free radical

25. Effect caused by free radicalEffect caused by free radical

26. Antioxidant rich dietAntioxidant rich diet

27. Role of Omega-3 fatty acid =Role of Omega-3 fatty acid =
omega-3 fatty acids have beenomega-3 fatty acids have been
shown to be important for:shown to be important for:
 the heart and cardiovascularthe heart and cardiovascular
healthhealth
 brain and eye development,brain and eye development,
function and healthfunction and health
 healthy jointshealthy joints
 alleviating inflammatoryalleviating inflammatory
affects and disorders .affects and disorders .
 Infant who do not get enoughInfant who do not get enough
omega-3 from their motheromega-3 from their mother
during pregnancy are at riskduring pregnancy are at risk
for developing vision &for developing vision &
nerve problem.nerve problem.

28. Imaging & optimum nutrition forImaging & optimum nutrition for
pregnant & lactate mother (Soymom) :pregnant & lactate mother (Soymom) :
Soya mom is ideal foodSoya mom is ideal food
during pregnancy &during pregnancy &
lactation period.lactation period.
 Soyamom contain,Soyamom contain,
 DHA-it’s very important forDHA-it’s very important for
the development of brain,the development of brain,
eye’s & nerve of the body.eye’s & nerve of the body.
 Best quality protein, vit &Best quality protein, vit &
min.min.
 Improve child growthImprove child growth
 Overall body receive allOverall body receive all
nourishment for her mother.nourishment for her mother.

29. So, keepSo, keep
promotingpromoting
pregnancypregnancy
wellnesswellness