1) The document discusses the difficulties in accurately summarizing the life and works of Josquin des Prez due to a lack of clear historical records and the tendency of contemporaries to embellish or misattribute works.
2) While the chanson Mille Regretz displays some stylistic elements common in Josquin's work like motivic writing, there is no definitive proof that he composed it given that contemporaries frequently edited, rearranged, and misattributed pieces.
3) Comparing Mille Regretz to Josquin's motet Ave Maria virgo serena allows for some plausible stylistic comparisons to be made between the two works, but overall the document maintains skepticism around attributing Mille
Arthur r. butz context and perspective in the 'holocaust' controversy - jou...RareBooksnRecords
This document discusses the context and perspective needed when analyzing controversial historical subjects like the Holocaust. It uses the example of the "Donation of Constantine", a famous medieval forgery, to illustrate how even intelligent scholars failed for centuries to recognize its fraudulent nature due to focusing too closely on details rather than the broader context. Similarly, the author argues that Holocaust revisionists have sometimes focused too much on minutiae without keeping the larger historical picture in mind. The author aims to place the Holocaust in broader historical context and consider why detailed investigations have nevertheless been important and necessary given the current political climate around the issue.
The Whys and Hows of Research in Personal WritingJodie Nicotra
This document discusses how to use research in personal writing. Unlike academic writing, research in personal writing aims to blend seamlessly into the narrative so readers are unaware it is there. The document provides examples from Chuck Klosterman's essay where he incorporates research from a book by Donna Gaines in an informal citation style, without directly citing page numbers. The document notes research can include historical facts, interviews, and discovering details about people as shown in a passage from a work by Carrie Brownstein. The key is to internalize source material and include only the most important details to maintain a strong personal voice and flow.
The document discusses themes in literature. It defines theme as the central topic or idea a work is about, which can often be summed up in a single word, such as love or death. Themes are usually implied rather than stated explicitly and often explore common human experiences. A story can have multiple themes. Two techniques used to express themes are leitwortstil, which is the repetition of words or phrases to draw the reader's attention, and thematic patterning, which involves recurring motifs that reinforce the theme. Examples of each technique are discussed.
Walton's narrative frames the central narrative and introduces Frankenstein. Through Walton's letters, Shelley examines the ambitions of 19th century scientists and expresses skepticism about the motivations driving scientific progress. Walton serves as a parallel to Victor Frankenstein and his creation of the monster.
This document summarizes and defines several types of novels:
- Historical novels use history as inspiration but range in quality from superficial to works that transform facts into emotional experiences. Subgenres include mock historical novels.
- Picaresque novels follow roguish protagonists through loosely connected adventures. Modern examples struggle to capture the spirit of the original form.
- Sentimental novels evolved from refined emotion to superficial tear-jerking. Serious writers generally avoid stock emotions and devices.
- Gothic novels feature horror, mystery, and the supernatural. They ask to be enjoyed as entertainment rather than for catharsis.
- Psychological novels analyze characters' motives rather than focusing on actions or consequences. Insight comes
This document summarizes debates around historical revisionism and challenges to popular national myths. It discusses how Daniel Goldhagen's work on the Holocaust challenged prevailing narratives but may have polarized academics more than furthering truth. It also examines how Irish historians like Peter Hart have disputed aspects of popular narratives around the 1798 rebellion and Kilmichael Ambush through rigorous analysis, sometimes portraying traditional heroes as flawed. The document argues historical revisionism aims to overcome obstacles like tradition and myth to pursue historical truth, but risks generating biases that sympathize with former ruling classes.
Femi Osofisan - Oral Tradition & The African PlaywrightKemiIlori
This document discusses oral tradition and its influence on the African playwright Femi Osofisan. It examines how Osofisan incorporates elements of oral tradition such as myths, legends, folktales and storytelling techniques into his plays. Specifically, it analyzes how he uses the Moremi myth and elements of oral storytelling to portray social and political issues in his plays Morontodun and No More the Wasted Breed. The document argues that Osofisan draws from oral tradition to symbolically represent society's contradictions and envision possibilities for positive social change.
Susan Glaspell's 1916 play Trifles uses the setting of a harsh winter and strategic placement of characters and props to influence the audience's understanding of the plot. The play is set during a bitter winter, mirroring the icy relationship between Minnie and John Wright. Glaspell uses Minnie's absence from the stage and descriptions from other characters to develop her character. Symbolic props like a dead bird in a cage and Minnie's unfinished quilt provide clues about her mental state. Through the winter setting and strategic staging, Glaspell is able to subtly convey themes of isolation, gender roles, and Minnie's psychological breakdown without directly stating them.
Arthur r. butz context and perspective in the 'holocaust' controversy - jou...RareBooksnRecords
This document discusses the context and perspective needed when analyzing controversial historical subjects like the Holocaust. It uses the example of the "Donation of Constantine", a famous medieval forgery, to illustrate how even intelligent scholars failed for centuries to recognize its fraudulent nature due to focusing too closely on details rather than the broader context. Similarly, the author argues that Holocaust revisionists have sometimes focused too much on minutiae without keeping the larger historical picture in mind. The author aims to place the Holocaust in broader historical context and consider why detailed investigations have nevertheless been important and necessary given the current political climate around the issue.
The Whys and Hows of Research in Personal WritingJodie Nicotra
This document discusses how to use research in personal writing. Unlike academic writing, research in personal writing aims to blend seamlessly into the narrative so readers are unaware it is there. The document provides examples from Chuck Klosterman's essay where he incorporates research from a book by Donna Gaines in an informal citation style, without directly citing page numbers. The document notes research can include historical facts, interviews, and discovering details about people as shown in a passage from a work by Carrie Brownstein. The key is to internalize source material and include only the most important details to maintain a strong personal voice and flow.
The document discusses themes in literature. It defines theme as the central topic or idea a work is about, which can often be summed up in a single word, such as love or death. Themes are usually implied rather than stated explicitly and often explore common human experiences. A story can have multiple themes. Two techniques used to express themes are leitwortstil, which is the repetition of words or phrases to draw the reader's attention, and thematic patterning, which involves recurring motifs that reinforce the theme. Examples of each technique are discussed.
Walton's narrative frames the central narrative and introduces Frankenstein. Through Walton's letters, Shelley examines the ambitions of 19th century scientists and expresses skepticism about the motivations driving scientific progress. Walton serves as a parallel to Victor Frankenstein and his creation of the monster.
This document summarizes and defines several types of novels:
- Historical novels use history as inspiration but range in quality from superficial to works that transform facts into emotional experiences. Subgenres include mock historical novels.
- Picaresque novels follow roguish protagonists through loosely connected adventures. Modern examples struggle to capture the spirit of the original form.
- Sentimental novels evolved from refined emotion to superficial tear-jerking. Serious writers generally avoid stock emotions and devices.
- Gothic novels feature horror, mystery, and the supernatural. They ask to be enjoyed as entertainment rather than for catharsis.
- Psychological novels analyze characters' motives rather than focusing on actions or consequences. Insight comes
This document summarizes debates around historical revisionism and challenges to popular national myths. It discusses how Daniel Goldhagen's work on the Holocaust challenged prevailing narratives but may have polarized academics more than furthering truth. It also examines how Irish historians like Peter Hart have disputed aspects of popular narratives around the 1798 rebellion and Kilmichael Ambush through rigorous analysis, sometimes portraying traditional heroes as flawed. The document argues historical revisionism aims to overcome obstacles like tradition and myth to pursue historical truth, but risks generating biases that sympathize with former ruling classes.
Femi Osofisan - Oral Tradition & The African PlaywrightKemiIlori
This document discusses oral tradition and its influence on the African playwright Femi Osofisan. It examines how Osofisan incorporates elements of oral tradition such as myths, legends, folktales and storytelling techniques into his plays. Specifically, it analyzes how he uses the Moremi myth and elements of oral storytelling to portray social and political issues in his plays Morontodun and No More the Wasted Breed. The document argues that Osofisan draws from oral tradition to symbolically represent society's contradictions and envision possibilities for positive social change.
Susan Glaspell's 1916 play Trifles uses the setting of a harsh winter and strategic placement of characters and props to influence the audience's understanding of the plot. The play is set during a bitter winter, mirroring the icy relationship between Minnie and John Wright. Glaspell uses Minnie's absence from the stage and descriptions from other characters to develop her character. Symbolic props like a dead bird in a cage and Minnie's unfinished quilt provide clues about her mental state. Through the winter setting and strategic staging, Glaspell is able to subtly convey themes of isolation, gender roles, and Minnie's psychological breakdown without directly stating them.
Emma Donoghue's book Passions Between Women focuses on queer female identities in Britain between 1668-1801, including case studies and a wide scope of identities like female husbands. Donoghue aims to bring under-researched material on early modern lesbianism to scholars while defining terms in their historical context rather than modern ones. She analyzes sources meticulously but lacks full context and a clear argument. Overall, the book provides a valuable collection of sources on early lesbian identities but could be strengthened with more framework and discussion of legal issues.
This document provides a review and summary of the book "A Single Spy" by William Christie. In 3 sentences:
The book tells the story of a young Soviet spy, Aleksi Smirnov, who is trained and sent to Nazi Germany in the 1930s to gather intelligence. While the book keeps the story moving at a fast pace, the reviewer argues that Christie does not have enough expertise in the historical context to realistically portray Aleksi's experiences under Stalin or Hitler. Ultimately, the reviewer says the book works well as light entertainment but fails at Christie's ambition to provide a deeper analysis of the nature of the Soviet and Nazi regimes.
This document provides biographical information about Polish journalist Ryszard Kapuściński and summarizes his book "Travels with Herodothus". It notes that Kapuściński was born in 1932 in Pinsk and worked for the Polish press from 1951 onwards. It discusses his travels to India, China, Egypt, Congo, Ethiopia and Senegal for his reporting work. It also explains that Kapuściński saw the Greek historian Herodotus as the first real journalist and took him along metaphorically on his travels. The book was originally published in Polish in 2004 and has since been translated into over 30 languages.
This document discusses Plato's critique of rhetoric in his dialogue Gorgias. It argues that Plato does not reject rhetoric itself, but rather the harmful misuse of persuasive language as seen in the character of Polus in the dialogue. The document analyzes Polus's view of the "discursive tyrant," the democratic equivalent of the murderous tyrant Archelaus of Macedonia. It ultimately contends that Plato wants to define ethical political discourse and that Socrates' speech in Gorgias presents philosophy as a service to the political community, not a rejection of rhetoric when used properly.
This document provides writing tips and guidance for writing an argumentative essay about happiness in Mary Shelley's Frankenstein. It includes examples of thesis statements, guidance on writing topic sentences and body paragraphs with concrete details and commentary. Sample body paragraphs, introductions, and conclusions are also provided. The document emphasizes that happiness in the novel stems from meaningful relationships and connections between people, rather than individual achievement.
The document defines the novel and discusses its key elements. It begins by exploring the origins of the term novel and how it has been defined by various scholars. Some of the essential elements or features of the novel that are discussed include theme, plot, characters, setting, and narrative technique/point of view. An example of the classic novel "Silas Marner" by George Eliot is provided to illustrate these concepts. Finally, some common types of novels are identified such as social novels, historical novels, regional novels, and picaresque novels.
The document discusses the history and evolution of the novel genre. It begins by explaining that the term "novel" originated from Italian and French words used to describe short tales in the medieval period. Over time, novels grew longer and became a way to depict real human life through characters and plots. The document then summarizes several major novel types that developed, including epistolary, picaresque, experimental, historical fiction, gothic fiction, and social realism novels. It provides examples of influential novels for each genre and discusses their defining characteristics.
This document is APPENDIX 2 to my autobiography entitled PIONEERING OVER FOUR EPOCHS
SECTION X1: MEMORABILIA:
The following are some initial thoughts on this subject, thoughts put down in the sixteen years 2005 to 2011, years after the completion of the first edition of my memoirs or autobiography in 1993. In order for this section XI of my autobiography PIONEERING OVER FOUR EPOCHS, a section devoted to memorabilia, to have any relevance at all it would seem to me that it would require a man like Charles Nicholl.
Nicholl was mesmerised by the minutiae of archival evidence. The shreds or perhaps shards of everyday life preserved accidentally or on purpose for posterity, and from which the biographer-sleuth could piece together the parts of a life or enrich a vivid or not so vivid personality which already existed, at least in part, and perhaps on paper as my work is, and thus make a more plausible career, a more detailed lifeline, a more interesting narrative were, to Nicholl, the very breath of life. Each shard of writing deciphered from the margins of a manuscript, each artifact, however trivial, determined for Nicholl a direction for further exploration.
Confronting Authority: J.M. Coetzee's Foe and the Remaking of Robinson Crusoe Goswami Mahirpari
Susan Naramore Maher discusses how J.M. Coetzee's novel Foe undermines the authority of Daniel Defoe and Robinson Crusoe through its reimagining of the story. In Foe, Crusoe is depicted as a purposeless and unproductive man who refuses to shape the island or help the story's true creator, Susan Barton. The novel confronts Defoe's ideology of realism by highlighting the constructed nature of stories and questioning the ability of words to recreate experience.
Here are some picture books ideally suited for the older readers/ I have given you some ideas, but left a great deal blank here. Feel free to download and noodle this into something you can use.
This document summarizes information about four famous authors: William Shakespeare, Arthur Conan Doyle, Joseph Rudyard Kipling, and Lewis Carroll. It provides details about each author's most notable works and achievements, with Shakespeare known for his plays and poems, Doyle for creating Sherlock Holmes stories, Kipling for his short stories and children's books, and Carroll for Alice's Adventures in Wonderland and Through the Looking-Glass.
The document defines different types of novels including autobiographical novels, epistolary novels, social realism novels, historical novels, novels of manners, and mystery novels. It provides examples for each type, such as Charles Dickens' David Copperfield as an autobiographical novel and Samuel Richardson's Pamela and Clarissa as epistolary novels told through letters. The document also introduces Jane Austen as an English novelist known for her realistic portrayals of the landed gentry through works like Sense and Sensibility, Pride and Prejudice, Mansfield Park, Emma, Northanger Abbey, and Persuasion.
The document provides guidance and examples for writing a paper about Mary Shelley's Frankenstein. It outlines dos and don'ts for the introduction paragraph, such as avoiding sweeping statements and too much plot summary. Sample introduction paragraphs are included that vary in their effectiveness. The better ones state a clear thesis about how the pursuit of knowledge inhibits the characters' ability to experience sympathy. Body paragraph examples are also given, with one paragraph criticized for including multiple speculations without evidence. The document advises looking at the checklist for writing strong body paragraphs.
I have upload my presentation on Postmodernism and Popular Culture of my paper no,.8 Cultural studies i hope it will be useful and if you have any doubt then you can mail me or ask me.
The document provides biographical and literary details about acclaimed British author Julian Barnes. It discusses his education background, career as a journalist before becoming a novelist, notable works including Metroland, Flaubert's Parrot, and The Sense of an Ending which won the Man Booker Prize. It also mentions some of Barnes' views on fiction and writing as revealed in interviews. The document serves as an introduction to Barnes' life and body of work across different genres of novels, short stories, and essays over his literary career.
Narrative knowledge is highly important for intelligence scholars and practitioners and cannot be left aside. The German movie ‘Das Leben der Anderen’ or ‘The Lives of Others’ by movie director Florian Henckel von Donnersmarck is a brilliantly visualized, realistic but romantic introduction into the daily life of citizens and the organization, tasks and corporate culture of the former ‘Ministerium für Staatssicherheit’, ‘MfS’ or ‘Stasi’ in the ‘Deutsche Demokratische Republik’ or German Democratic Republic, ‘GDR’. Highlighting the (cult) figure of Feliks Dzierzynsky is used to bring a historical note on his importance towards the Soviet Union and East German intelligence community. In reviewing the structure of the ‘Stasi’ we argue the functioning of an intelligence organization without any form of oversight tends to become a totalitarian and arbitrary institution. The disappearance of the ‘Stasi’ and the cult of Feliks Dzierzynsky can be studied and researched as an evil narrative example within the history of the intelligence agencies.
El conocimiento narrativo es muy importante para los profesionales y estudiosos de la inteligencia y no puede ser dejada de lado. La película alemana 'Das Leben der Anderen' o 'La vida de otros' por el director de cine Florian Henckel von Donnersmarck es una introducción brillantemente visualizada, realista pero romántica en la vida cotidiana de los ciudadanos y la organización, tareas y cultura corporativa de la ex 'Ministerium für Staatssicherheit', 'MfS' o 'Stasi' en la 'Deutsche Demokratische Republik' o la República Democrática Alemana, el 'RDA'. Resaltando la figura de culto de Feliks Dzierzynsky. Se utiliza para traer una nota histórica sobre su importancia hacia la comunidad de inteligencia de la Unión Soviética y Alemania Oriental. En la revisión de la estructura de la 'Stasi'. Sostenemos el funcionamiento de una organización de inteligencia sin ningún tipo de supervisión tiende a convertirse en una institución arbitraria y totalitaria. La desaparición de la 'Stasi' y el culto de Feliks Dzierzynsky pueden estudiados e investigados como un mal ejemplo narrativo dentro de la historia de las agencias de inteligencia.
The document discusses the evolution of the modern novel from its origins. It began in the 18th century as novels recognized changes brought by modernity like the shift from agriculture to industry. The novel is defined by elements like characterization, point of view, and plot. Some antecedents included Don Quixote, Gargantua and Pantagruel, Pamela and Pride and Prejudice. In the 20th century, modern novels featured realism over idealism and psychological analysis of characters. Key writers included James Joyce, Virginia Woolf, D.H. Lawrence, William Golding and Joseph Conrad in England and Henry James, Faulkner, Steinbeck and Hemingway in America. Henry James
Sibelius was a Finnish composer who lived during a time when Finland was under Russian rule. Through his compositions inspired by the Finnish national epic Kalevala, he was able to capture the spirit of Finland and forge a new Finnish identity, giving his people impetus to rise up against their oppression. While his music expressed nationalist sentiments and was interpreted as protesting Finnish subjugation, he was not suppressed by the Russian government, likely because Finland was seen as a small cultural backwater and not its own sovereign nation. Sibelius' music came to represent Finland and he was widely acclaimed as a national hero, though he composed freely without being an official or manipulated state composer.
Замацаваць погляд на стварэньне, як на Божую справу. Узбудіць інтарэс да вывучэньня сусвету. Даць агульную карціну сьвету.
БОГ ТВОРЦА; ШЭСЬЦЬ ДЗЁН СТВАРЭНЬНЯ; МАКРА, МЕГА І МІКРА СЬВЕТ; ЖЫВАЯ І НЕЖЫВАЯ ПРЫРОДА; ТЭОРЫЯ ВЫБУХУ І ЭВАЛЮЦЫІ.
Падрыхтвала Стункус Аглая
Cash payment represents 85% of global retail transactions . Recent surveys have indicated that retailers still face challenges with cash loss levels, which is estimated to cost the industry $123.4 Billion a year. Volumatic provide a range of intelligent cash handling solutions, to reduce shrinkage, enhance security and deliver process efficiencies.
Emma Donoghue's book Passions Between Women focuses on queer female identities in Britain between 1668-1801, including case studies and a wide scope of identities like female husbands. Donoghue aims to bring under-researched material on early modern lesbianism to scholars while defining terms in their historical context rather than modern ones. She analyzes sources meticulously but lacks full context and a clear argument. Overall, the book provides a valuable collection of sources on early lesbian identities but could be strengthened with more framework and discussion of legal issues.
This document provides a review and summary of the book "A Single Spy" by William Christie. In 3 sentences:
The book tells the story of a young Soviet spy, Aleksi Smirnov, who is trained and sent to Nazi Germany in the 1930s to gather intelligence. While the book keeps the story moving at a fast pace, the reviewer argues that Christie does not have enough expertise in the historical context to realistically portray Aleksi's experiences under Stalin or Hitler. Ultimately, the reviewer says the book works well as light entertainment but fails at Christie's ambition to provide a deeper analysis of the nature of the Soviet and Nazi regimes.
This document provides biographical information about Polish journalist Ryszard Kapuściński and summarizes his book "Travels with Herodothus". It notes that Kapuściński was born in 1932 in Pinsk and worked for the Polish press from 1951 onwards. It discusses his travels to India, China, Egypt, Congo, Ethiopia and Senegal for his reporting work. It also explains that Kapuściński saw the Greek historian Herodotus as the first real journalist and took him along metaphorically on his travels. The book was originally published in Polish in 2004 and has since been translated into over 30 languages.
This document discusses Plato's critique of rhetoric in his dialogue Gorgias. It argues that Plato does not reject rhetoric itself, but rather the harmful misuse of persuasive language as seen in the character of Polus in the dialogue. The document analyzes Polus's view of the "discursive tyrant," the democratic equivalent of the murderous tyrant Archelaus of Macedonia. It ultimately contends that Plato wants to define ethical political discourse and that Socrates' speech in Gorgias presents philosophy as a service to the political community, not a rejection of rhetoric when used properly.
This document provides writing tips and guidance for writing an argumentative essay about happiness in Mary Shelley's Frankenstein. It includes examples of thesis statements, guidance on writing topic sentences and body paragraphs with concrete details and commentary. Sample body paragraphs, introductions, and conclusions are also provided. The document emphasizes that happiness in the novel stems from meaningful relationships and connections between people, rather than individual achievement.
The document defines the novel and discusses its key elements. It begins by exploring the origins of the term novel and how it has been defined by various scholars. Some of the essential elements or features of the novel that are discussed include theme, plot, characters, setting, and narrative technique/point of view. An example of the classic novel "Silas Marner" by George Eliot is provided to illustrate these concepts. Finally, some common types of novels are identified such as social novels, historical novels, regional novels, and picaresque novels.
The document discusses the history and evolution of the novel genre. It begins by explaining that the term "novel" originated from Italian and French words used to describe short tales in the medieval period. Over time, novels grew longer and became a way to depict real human life through characters and plots. The document then summarizes several major novel types that developed, including epistolary, picaresque, experimental, historical fiction, gothic fiction, and social realism novels. It provides examples of influential novels for each genre and discusses their defining characteristics.
This document is APPENDIX 2 to my autobiography entitled PIONEERING OVER FOUR EPOCHS
SECTION X1: MEMORABILIA:
The following are some initial thoughts on this subject, thoughts put down in the sixteen years 2005 to 2011, years after the completion of the first edition of my memoirs or autobiography in 1993. In order for this section XI of my autobiography PIONEERING OVER FOUR EPOCHS, a section devoted to memorabilia, to have any relevance at all it would seem to me that it would require a man like Charles Nicholl.
Nicholl was mesmerised by the minutiae of archival evidence. The shreds or perhaps shards of everyday life preserved accidentally or on purpose for posterity, and from which the biographer-sleuth could piece together the parts of a life or enrich a vivid or not so vivid personality which already existed, at least in part, and perhaps on paper as my work is, and thus make a more plausible career, a more detailed lifeline, a more interesting narrative were, to Nicholl, the very breath of life. Each shard of writing deciphered from the margins of a manuscript, each artifact, however trivial, determined for Nicholl a direction for further exploration.
Confronting Authority: J.M. Coetzee's Foe and the Remaking of Robinson Crusoe Goswami Mahirpari
Susan Naramore Maher discusses how J.M. Coetzee's novel Foe undermines the authority of Daniel Defoe and Robinson Crusoe through its reimagining of the story. In Foe, Crusoe is depicted as a purposeless and unproductive man who refuses to shape the island or help the story's true creator, Susan Barton. The novel confronts Defoe's ideology of realism by highlighting the constructed nature of stories and questioning the ability of words to recreate experience.
Here are some picture books ideally suited for the older readers/ I have given you some ideas, but left a great deal blank here. Feel free to download and noodle this into something you can use.
This document summarizes information about four famous authors: William Shakespeare, Arthur Conan Doyle, Joseph Rudyard Kipling, and Lewis Carroll. It provides details about each author's most notable works and achievements, with Shakespeare known for his plays and poems, Doyle for creating Sherlock Holmes stories, Kipling for his short stories and children's books, and Carroll for Alice's Adventures in Wonderland and Through the Looking-Glass.
The document defines different types of novels including autobiographical novels, epistolary novels, social realism novels, historical novels, novels of manners, and mystery novels. It provides examples for each type, such as Charles Dickens' David Copperfield as an autobiographical novel and Samuel Richardson's Pamela and Clarissa as epistolary novels told through letters. The document also introduces Jane Austen as an English novelist known for her realistic portrayals of the landed gentry through works like Sense and Sensibility, Pride and Prejudice, Mansfield Park, Emma, Northanger Abbey, and Persuasion.
The document provides guidance and examples for writing a paper about Mary Shelley's Frankenstein. It outlines dos and don'ts for the introduction paragraph, such as avoiding sweeping statements and too much plot summary. Sample introduction paragraphs are included that vary in their effectiveness. The better ones state a clear thesis about how the pursuit of knowledge inhibits the characters' ability to experience sympathy. Body paragraph examples are also given, with one paragraph criticized for including multiple speculations without evidence. The document advises looking at the checklist for writing strong body paragraphs.
I have upload my presentation on Postmodernism and Popular Culture of my paper no,.8 Cultural studies i hope it will be useful and if you have any doubt then you can mail me or ask me.
The document provides biographical and literary details about acclaimed British author Julian Barnes. It discusses his education background, career as a journalist before becoming a novelist, notable works including Metroland, Flaubert's Parrot, and The Sense of an Ending which won the Man Booker Prize. It also mentions some of Barnes' views on fiction and writing as revealed in interviews. The document serves as an introduction to Barnes' life and body of work across different genres of novels, short stories, and essays over his literary career.
Narrative knowledge is highly important for intelligence scholars and practitioners and cannot be left aside. The German movie ‘Das Leben der Anderen’ or ‘The Lives of Others’ by movie director Florian Henckel von Donnersmarck is a brilliantly visualized, realistic but romantic introduction into the daily life of citizens and the organization, tasks and corporate culture of the former ‘Ministerium für Staatssicherheit’, ‘MfS’ or ‘Stasi’ in the ‘Deutsche Demokratische Republik’ or German Democratic Republic, ‘GDR’. Highlighting the (cult) figure of Feliks Dzierzynsky is used to bring a historical note on his importance towards the Soviet Union and East German intelligence community. In reviewing the structure of the ‘Stasi’ we argue the functioning of an intelligence organization without any form of oversight tends to become a totalitarian and arbitrary institution. The disappearance of the ‘Stasi’ and the cult of Feliks Dzierzynsky can be studied and researched as an evil narrative example within the history of the intelligence agencies.
El conocimiento narrativo es muy importante para los profesionales y estudiosos de la inteligencia y no puede ser dejada de lado. La película alemana 'Das Leben der Anderen' o 'La vida de otros' por el director de cine Florian Henckel von Donnersmarck es una introducción brillantemente visualizada, realista pero romántica en la vida cotidiana de los ciudadanos y la organización, tareas y cultura corporativa de la ex 'Ministerium für Staatssicherheit', 'MfS' o 'Stasi' en la 'Deutsche Demokratische Republik' o la República Democrática Alemana, el 'RDA'. Resaltando la figura de culto de Feliks Dzierzynsky. Se utiliza para traer una nota histórica sobre su importancia hacia la comunidad de inteligencia de la Unión Soviética y Alemania Oriental. En la revisión de la estructura de la 'Stasi'. Sostenemos el funcionamiento de una organización de inteligencia sin ningún tipo de supervisión tiende a convertirse en una institución arbitraria y totalitaria. La desaparición de la 'Stasi' y el culto de Feliks Dzierzynsky pueden estudiados e investigados como un mal ejemplo narrativo dentro de la historia de las agencias de inteligencia.
The document discusses the evolution of the modern novel from its origins. It began in the 18th century as novels recognized changes brought by modernity like the shift from agriculture to industry. The novel is defined by elements like characterization, point of view, and plot. Some antecedents included Don Quixote, Gargantua and Pantagruel, Pamela and Pride and Prejudice. In the 20th century, modern novels featured realism over idealism and psychological analysis of characters. Key writers included James Joyce, Virginia Woolf, D.H. Lawrence, William Golding and Joseph Conrad in England and Henry James, Faulkner, Steinbeck and Hemingway in America. Henry James
Sibelius was a Finnish composer who lived during a time when Finland was under Russian rule. Through his compositions inspired by the Finnish national epic Kalevala, he was able to capture the spirit of Finland and forge a new Finnish identity, giving his people impetus to rise up against their oppression. While his music expressed nationalist sentiments and was interpreted as protesting Finnish subjugation, he was not suppressed by the Russian government, likely because Finland was seen as a small cultural backwater and not its own sovereign nation. Sibelius' music came to represent Finland and he was widely acclaimed as a national hero, though he composed freely without being an official or manipulated state composer.
Замацаваць погляд на стварэньне, як на Божую справу. Узбудіць інтарэс да вывучэньня сусвету. Даць агульную карціну сьвету.
БОГ ТВОРЦА; ШЭСЬЦЬ ДЗЁН СТВАРЭНЬНЯ; МАКРА, МЕГА І МІКРА СЬВЕТ; ЖЫВАЯ І НЕЖЫВАЯ ПРЫРОДА; ТЭОРЫЯ ВЫБУХУ І ЭВАЛЮЦЫІ.
Падрыхтвала Стункус Аглая
Cash payment represents 85% of global retail transactions . Recent surveys have indicated that retailers still face challenges with cash loss levels, which is estimated to cost the industry $123.4 Billion a year. Volumatic provide a range of intelligent cash handling solutions, to reduce shrinkage, enhance security and deliver process efficiencies.
Bola basket diciptakan pada tahun 1891 oleh Dr. James Naismith sebagai permainan ruang tertutup untuk mengisi waktu siswa selama musim dingin, dan sejak itu menjadi olahraga tim yang populer di seluruh dunia yang dimainkan antara dua tim dengan mencetak poin dengan memasukkan bola ke ring lawan.
The document outlines the services provided by All Care Family Services, a community service provider. It details the organization's core values of providing high quality, culturally competent services with dignity and respect. Services include intensive in-home services for youth and adults such as therapy, case management, and crisis intervention. Eligibility requires a history of prior interventions and inability to function. The goals are to provide structured treatment, build family stability, and support clients through case management with various agencies. Staff include counselors, medical and mental health professionals who provide services such as assessments, case management, and crisis intervention.
This document provides an overview of Tuvan throat singing and the culture it comes from. It discusses how throat singing originated as an imitation of natural sounds according to Tuvan animist beliefs. Throat singers are able to produce low bass notes and high melodic tones simultaneously through vocal fold and oral cavity manipulation. They avoid certain notes to create a pentatonic scale preferred in Tuvan music. The vocal folds act as the sound source while the oral cavity filters and amplifies certain harmonics and formants to generate distinctive melodies over a drone pitch. Throat singing is an oral tradition that expresses aspects of Tuvan spirituality and culture.
Презентація «Робота над науково – методичною проблемою – підґрунтя розвитку професіоналізму педагога»
Заступник директора школи
з навчально – виховної роботи
А. В. Романів
Mangal Dev has over 4 years of experience working with job scheduling tools like Redwood Cronacle, Control M, and Cisco Tidal across UNIX, Linux, Windows, and PeopleSoft platforms. He has experience establishing new projects, performing migrations, testing jobs, troubleshooting failures, and providing training. He also has experience in mainframe technologies, messaging queues, data center monitoring tools, and business analysis.
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Manage and maintain ESA (E-mail security applies Cisco Ironport C170)
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Installation anti-virus (MacAfee, Symantec Endpoint).
Manage IP Telephone (AVAYA SYSTEM)
Angels In America A Progressive ApocalypseRichard Hogue
This document provides an analysis of the play Angels in America by Tony Kushner. It discusses the themes of apocalypse and millennialism in the play. Key points:
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A Portrait Of The Artist As A Young Man And The Individuating Rhythm Of Mod...Gina Brown
This document analyzes James Joyce's novel A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man and how it portrays the protagonist Stephen Dedalus's development. It argues that the novel depicts development not as a linear or gradual process, but as a "polyrhythmic" one, with Stephen oscillating between different influences and rhythms. The novel refuses to present a single narrative of development and instead presents competing visions of self and success. This reflects Ireland's situation at the time between traditional and modern conceptions of history and culture. The document analyzes how the novel adapts and transforms the traditional Bildungsroman form to capture this "polyrhythmic" experience of modernity.
Some see in Defoe;s famous work an early novel, others an adventure story. Could it also be an allegy, as Doefoe himself adopting viepoint of Crusoe himself suggests. If so, we should an allegoy to be something more than a stilted or artificial device.
The document summarizes Mark Baker's book "The Fiftieth Gate". It explores how Baker combines his parents' memories of surviving the Holocaust with historical evidence and documentation to understand and represent their past. The narrative style incorporates poems, official documents, and oral stories to create a polyphonic work like the Talmud. It examines the challenges of verifying traumatic memories and reconciling individual and collective versions of history.
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A Fairy Tale From Before Fairy Tales Egbert Of Li Ge S Quot De Puella A Lup...Sara Alvarez
This article examines a short Latin poem from the early 11th century called "De puella a lupellis seruata" ("The Girl Saved from the Wolves") and argues that it provides early evidence related to the fairy tale of "Little Red Riding Hood". The author critiques those who dismiss the value of early literary evidence in understanding fairy tales, noting that this Latin text predates the earliest known oral versions of "Little Red Riding Hood" by centuries. Analyzing this early medieval text can provide insights into the cultural background and origins of this well-known fairy tale.
This honors thesis examines John Donne's Holy Sonnets, which grapple with the religious, political, and artistic conflicts of Donne's time. The introduction provides biographical context on Donne, noting he came from a middle-class family but his father died when he was young, impacting his prospects. It also discusses how Donne was interested in public life but faced obstacles. The document outlines how Donne wrestled with questions of salvation during the Protestant Reformation and Counter-Reformation, when theological beliefs were destabilized. It argues Donne's sonnets express his "passionate intensity" in confronting mortality and the possibility of eternal life, as did poet W.B. Yeats in his poem
The document discusses several key traits of Modernist literature:
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- The carnage of World War I and II profoundly impacted writers and contributed to a sense that the world had become absurd. Modernist works often depicted this absurdity.
- Modernist writers infused symbols and hidden meanings into their works, leaving more open to interpretation than earlier writers. Works had multiple layers and interpretations.
- Writers saw literature as a craft constructed of parts rather than an organic process, which fed their desire for originality and experimentation. Modernist works frequently broke conventions.
Your pen your ink coetzees foe robinson crusoe and the polGoswami Mahirpari
This document summarizes an academic journal article that analyzes J.M. Coetzee's novel Foe as a parody of Daniel Defoe's Robinson Crusoe. It argues that Coetzee uses parody to critique not just Defoe's novel, but the broader ideology of colonialism that Crusoe represents. By claiming Foe preceded Crusoe, Coetzee throws the realism of Crusoe into doubt and suggests Defoe manipulated the truth. Coetzee also artificially reconstructs silenced voices in Crusoe to show how Defoe promoted justifications for colonial power. The summary aims to uncover what these two "voices" say about colonialism and its justifications through a comparison of key
Hayden white the_value_of_narrativity_in_the_representation of realityPatricia Horvat
This document discusses the value and nature of narrativity in representing reality. It makes three key points:
1) Narrativity is a near-universal feature of human culture and is "a solution to a problem of general human concern, namely, the problem of how to translate knowing into telling." Narratives make human experiences comprehensible across cultures.
2) Historiography provides a useful context for examining narrativity because it struggles with representing real events, which do not naturally present themselves as stories. Various forms of historical writing, like annals and chronicles, represent events with differing degrees of narrativity.
3) By analyzing alternative forms of historical representation, the essay aims to shed light on both
This document summarizes a class lecture on modernism that included discussion of the poet Hilda Doolittle (H.D.), the short story "Odour of Chrysanthemums" by D.H. Lawrence, and an author presentation on James Joyce.
The class discussed H.D.'s life and how her work exemplified themes of literary modernism like breaking from Victorian norms. It also analyzed Lawrence's short story through discussion questions about its use of symbols like chrysanthemums and themes of misunderstanding between spouses. Finally, it introduced Joyce as an important modernist writer known for works like Dubliners, A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man, Ulysses, and Fin
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2. It explores how Coetzee uses these elements to provide a post-colonial critique and response to Daniel Defoe's "Robinson Crusoe", portraying the damage of colonialism and desire to give voice to the silenced.
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Summers 1
Buffy Summers
Professor Baker
English 1302
15 December 2015
Preaching to Their Respective Choirs: Political and Religious Divides in YA Literature
In a 1989 special issue of Children’s Literature Association Quarterly, editors Craig Werner and Frank P. Riga identify a shift regarding how authors of novels for young readers address religious matters. Several narratives are indeed full-blown declarations of their beliefs, but they have also been politicized in more obvious ways. The formula associated with these narratives is relatively simple: a rebellious protagonist who is “smart, sensitive, and perceptive” defies the “flagpole Christian majority,” which results in the protagonist being harassed and bullied. Darwin’s theories of evolution are frequently at the center of the conflict, possibly a reflection of the dramatization of the Scopes monkey trial, Inherit the Wind. Eventually, the protagonist’s actions are proven justified; the Christian majority is clearly wrongheaded and narrow-minded, particularly when it comes to evolution’s place in the school curriculum.
The contemporary political and ideological landscape and distance between conservative (including the “religious right”) and liberal thought make the sensibilities and models of which Cadden speaks nearly impossible to define or reconcile. Further, the once “partial answers” offered in the narratives to which Werner and Riga refer have been replaced by certainty. The protagonists offer “full blown declarations of faith” or non-faith, but the declarations are clearly a result of the political environment and meant for a specific audience thus leaving the protagonists preaching to their respective choirs, an unproductive and uncritical endeavor.
Summers 1
Buffy Summers
Professor Baker
ENG 1302
12 June 2015
Identity, Music, and Gestalt Theory in V for Vendetta: Projections of Discontent
Traditionally a mask is used to conceal the identity of the person wearing it, yet its very existence draws even more attention to the person under the mask. But what if there is nothing under the mask? What if the masked man is merely a projection of the inner turmoil of the protagonist? Bruce Kawin notes that when dealing with a projection of the protagonist or audience, “the health is achieved by taking the projection back into oneself, in other words by deeply acknowledging the connection between the monster and the official self” (Kawin loc. 7433). In the film V for Vendetta (2006), directed by the Wachowski siblings, the terrorist V functions as a personified projection of Evey Hammond’s disdain for the corrupt dystopian England. The key to his terrorist activity is the use of music, specifically Tchaikovsky's “1812 Overture.”
Film can utilize sound, specifically music, to drive the plot and shape characterization. Sound in film can be diagetic (sound that the characters interact with) and non-diagetic (such as the film score). Both can be used in tandem to create an ad ...
This document discusses the relationship between anecdotes and history. It argues that while anecdotes have existed for a long time in various forms, they have an ambiguous relationship with history. On one hand, anecdotes can support and illustrate points in history by providing examples. However, anecdotes can also challenge official histories by presenting alternative perspectives or unusual events not included in traditional narratives. The document uses the example of an anecdote about Wittgenstein and Popper arguing to illustrate how anecdotes can raise historiographical problems when eyewitness accounts conflict. It then analyzes how anecdotes have been used and interpreted in different eras and genres of writing history.
1. Jasmine Edison
Music 2207
Man or Myth? : Josquin des Prez and the History of History
Generally speaking, historians and laypeople look back in time and annotate, analyze,
and ultimately corrupt history. In an article on the problem of Popular Culture, Peter Burke
explains, “although new approaches to history are normally designed to solve problems, they
often raise problems of their own”1. I believe that this applies especially to musical figures like
Josquin, for whom little information can be found that does not come from biased or temporally
distant sources. Even in viewing the historical Josquin from the postmodern era, the historian is
already corrupted by bias. As a ‘postmodern’ person, she does not understand the subject
position of a 15th century male citizen of the Holy Roman Empire; she is also unable to parse the
subtle linguistic nuances of Josquin’s vernacular, even if she is a native speaker of modern
French, because the French spoken in the 15th century is vastly different from that of the present
day, even if the two languages share common characteristics; Her sources may be biased as well,
as Wegman stated in his article, “Who Was Josquin?” we are left at the mercy of Josquin’s
admiring contemporaries, who may not have painted an accurate portrait of the composer. It is
for this reason that I cannot bring myself to believe that Mille regretz is one of his works.
THE HISTORIAN—AN UNRELIABLE NARRATOR?
According to Heartz, “The past lives on through our imaginative attempts to meet it on its
own terms. Were we to do any less, future ages would blame our negligence”2. This quote
illustrates the generational relevance necessary for the preservation of history. Heartz asserts that
we must grapple with the difficulties of the study of history from our own perspective, even if
that perspective is biased, and damaging to the integrity of the historical subject at hand. We
must study and apprehend our subject “on our own terms” because, quite frankly, we have no
other way to do so. We cannot change our place in history to better interpret our subjects; we can
merely try to imagine what their lives might have been like. This is where Heartz’s use of the
word, ‘imagination’ comes into play. At first glance, it appears as though he implies that
historians incorporate fictitious elements into their work, which would be anathema to any self-
respecting historian, but there is something to the idea of imagination. As in the case of Josquin’s
native tongue, which modern French scholars refer to as Middle French: we have no idea how
the words were pronounced. There was no technology during that time that could preserve the
various phonemes of Middle French, and as such, we must extrapolate the pronunciation from
various texts, poems, and other written works. Even with all of those sources, the pronunciation
may still be wrong, but if we do not take some license with these unknowable pronunciations,
‘imagining’, as it were, how some of the words may have been said, we remain at a standstill and
no real progress can be made. Better to have an imperfect understanding of history than to aim
for absolute perfection, and in failing to reach our goal, have no understanding at all.
1
Peter Burke, Popular Culture (Detroit:Charles Scribner's Sons, 2001), 3.
2
Heartz, The Josquin Companion (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000), 193.
2. 2
While a certain amount of imagination is necessary to generate an interesting historical
narrative, it may have gone too far in the case of Josquin. The few details we know of his life are
sketchy at best and even those can be called into question. Fallows, the author of Josquin,
encountered this problem when looking at historical documents in which even Josquin’s name
was ambiguous. He states, “That means that yet again in the story of Josquin’s life there is a lack
of clarity, a document that could refer to one of several musicians named Josquin. The trick is to
resist building too much on it…”3. One wonders exactly what trick he used to “not build on it”.
Does ‘it’ refer to the glaring lack of clarity as to the identity of this particular Josquin? If so, why
would Fallows feel the need to fudge historical accuracy in the name of continuity? This
statement gives one the feeling that Fallows is uncomfortable with the idea of not knowing
exactly who Josquin was, and after seeing just how little information there is about him, he
resists the temptation to discover why that is so. He does this again when discussing the end of
Josquin’s life, specifically whether or not he met with Charles the V, the Holy Roman Emperor,
shortly before his coronation. While there is no real evidence that points to an actual meeting
between the two, he would prefer that there was, because the coronation was a major historical
event, and because “it would please [him] to think that the two…met”4. In that respect, the
aforementioned modern historians are not that different from Josquin’s contemporaries, who
“told and retold anecdotes about [Josquin] that are demonstrably untrue in every verifiable
detail…Unless more evidence of a matter-of-fact nature were to come to light, we might never
be able to disentangle truth from fiction entirely”5. Both Fallows and Wegman assert that
Josquin’s contemporaries cannot be fully counted on to provide accurate depictions of the man,
but in some respects, they perpetuate the myth that surrounds him.
JOSQUIN THE GENIUS…OR NOT.
The chanson, Mille regretz, does bear several marks of genius. Whether or not that
manifestation of genius came from the mind of Josquin remains dubious. Firstly, there is a
motivic idea inherent in the piece, the descending five-note scale, from A to D. This is ‘Josquin’s’
calling card. This is why he is called “the Beethoven of the Renaissance”, because of his
proclivity for motivic writing. ‘His’ tetrachord motif opens the chanson, stating it’s “thousand
regrets” in the topmost melodic line6. It appears again as a descending hexachord in the same
line, on the phrase, et deslonger vostre fache amoureuse, but the line feels incomplete without
the D, which does not return in the topmost line until the last phrase, qu’on me verra brief mes
jours definer, and even then, the second half restates the opening motif, which descends from A
to E, not D. The lack of resolution does double duty as an expression of the lack of resolution to
the singer’s inner conflict, the abandonment of his beloved, as well as a way to emphasize the
Phrygian mode of the chanson. The Phrygian mode was the mode of lamentation, which may
3
Fallows, Josquin (Ann Arbor: Brepols, 2009) 341.
4
ibid, 342.
5
Wegman, Who is Josquin? (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000), 22.
6
J. Peter Burkholder and Claude V. Palisca. Norton Anthology of Wester Music Volume I: Ancient to Baroque (New York: W.W.
Norton and Company, 2010), 227.
3. 3
have been the beginnings of our association of E minor sonorities with grief. Furthermore, I
believe the almost obsessive repetition of the descending melodic line could be the beginning of
the association of the descending line and death. In later years, this descending line becomes
chromatic, as in Purcell’s When I am laid in earth, but the idea is the same. The repetition is
rhetorical in nature, going through the grief over and over until there is no strength left. The
Beethovenian sense of The Inevitable is also present in this music—the melodic lines never go
up and remain there, they always come back down eventually, because they must.
In spite all of the stylistic indications that this piece could in fact be by Josquin, there is
one particularly damning quote that irrevocably nullifies the truth-value of the above stylistic
assessment. Wegman says of Josquin’s contemporaries:
“They appropriated his music enthusiastically,made it their own…they reinterpreted his compositions,
omitting or adding voice-parts, changing rhythmic or melodic details, re-texting, rearranging, and revising
them. They copied and printed alarming numbers of other works under his name, and many of his under
those of others,or no name at all” (Wegman, 21).
With that information, there is virtually no way to authenticate any ‘Josquin’ piece, short
of a signed manuscript in the composer’s own hand. Any stylistic evidence of a proper
attribution to Josquin is completely undermined by rampant edits, omissions, and improper
attributions. In short, the cloud of misinformation sheds too much doubt on what little
information we have, weakening the case for Josquin’s authorship. Any support there may have
been is immediately called into question by the very real possibility that even if Mille regretz
were in Josquin’s own hand, it may have been edited, re-voiced, and re-texted beyond
recognition. It may have even begun as one of “his” less inspired pieces, peppered with
“harmonic crudities, lack or clarity and consistency, crudities of part-writing and dissonance
treatment” and “lack of structure”7.
In addition to a crumbling body of musical evidence, there are the anecdotes from the
Italian court to consider. Apocryphal or not, they demonstrate a disturbing truth of the day, that
the force of opinion was powerful enough to suppress the truth. Truth in this particular case
would be Josquin’s authorship of Mille regretz, or lack thereof8. This makes one less inclined
than ever to believe that Mille regretz was in fact “by Josquin”. It could be by anyone, and
considering the general response to the revelation that a piece was not by Josquin—nothing short
of a denunciation of the composer, it would make sense that some highly skilled nobody wrote a
piece that was indistinguishable from Josquin’s and simply kept mum about its true origins in
order to retain favor. This theory is further solidified when one considers the case of Verbonnet,
who sent along a piece that was allegedly one of Josquin’s, which would ensure a good reception
at the court of the Duke Ercole d’Este9. Wegman’s theoretical extension of Verbonnet’s tactic to
less aboveboard musicians is not a stretch, especially given the mercurial tastes of courtiers
7
Wegman, Who is Josquin?, 33
8
ibid, 25
9
ibid, 26
4. 4
coupled with the assurance that the mention of Josquin’s name would withstand their fickle
musical opinions, in spite of the quality of the music in and of itself.
THE EFFECT OF ANONYMITY ON THE 21ST-CENTURY LISTENER
I am not entire sure if my perception of the piece would be very different if it were
anonymous. I do not know enough about Josquin to expect greatness whenever I hear someone
introduce a song as being “by Josquin”. I merely recognize that he was a famous composer, that I
have heard a few of “his” pieces before, and that they were decent. I do not believe that my
reaction would be quite as extreme as those of the Italian courtiers. I do believe, however, that
the piece would not be as memorable if it were anonymously written. Since I know that it is “by
Josquin”, I am more likely to remember the piece, or at least the title, because I have associated a
sound with a name. Were it anonymous, I may have considered it for a time and soon forgotten it.
A GLIMMER OF HOPE: AVE MARIA…VIRGO SERENA
As skeptical as I am about Mille regretz, listening to Ave Maria and following along with
the score gives me a better idea of why others argue that Josquin composed both of these pieces.
Ave Maria…virgo serena is filled with motivic repetition. The first line is repeated in every part,
with the exact same rhythms, note-for note. The rest of the piece is also highly imitative, but
higher priority is given to common pitches than rhythmic motifs. Looking at the chanson and the
motet with a comparative lens, I can see stylistic maturity from Ave Maria, to Mille regretz.
Josquin’s calling cards are still there—the motifs are apparent, the imitation is easy to follow, but
the melodic interplay between voices is much more complex in Mille regretz. This could also be
because it is not a sacred piece. In Ave Maria, Josquin wanted to invoke feelings of reverence for
the divine, and so he kept the complicated polyphony to a minimum. Were I to accept that
Josquin wrote Mille regretz, I would say that his style has matured by the time it was written. I
still stand by my assertion that it is not actually “by Josquin”, but I will concede that a
comparison to Ave Maria allows for some plausible comparisons to be made.