This document provides an overview of joint and special operations doctrine, including key joint publications, changes to USSOCOM doctrine, roles and functions of USSOCOM, the combatant commands, military departments, and command relationships like combatant command, operational control, tactical control, and support. It defines these concepts and the authorities granted by each type of relationship.

1. JOINT & SOF
DOCTRINE 101

2. NSS
NMS
JOINT DOCTRINE
FORCE STRUCTURE, BUDGETS,
PROGRAMS, TECH MANUALS,
OPERATIONAL CONCEPTS
JT PUB 6-0
JT PUB 5-0
JT PUB 4-0
JT PUB 3-0
JT PUB 2-0
JT PUB 1-0
JT PUB 3-07
JT PUB 3-05
JT PUB 3-05.3
JT PUB 3-05.5
JT PUB 3-07.1
JT PUB 3-07.2
JT PUB 3-07.3
JT PUB 3-07.4
FM 100-2-20
DASH-1
DASH-10
HIERARCHY OF
DOCTRINE
TPFDD
CONPLAN
OPLANs
CINC's STRATEGY
CAMPAIGN
PLANs
FMFM 1
NWP 1
FM 100-5
FM 100-20
FM 100-25
AFDD 1
MCM 3-X
AFDD 2-7
AFDD 2-3
MCM 3-X
SERVICE DOCTRINE
JT PUB 1

4. USSOCOM/JOINT DOCTRINE
CHANGES
• USSOCOM MEMO, 9 JUN 95 ELIMINATED SOF
LEXICON IN FAVOR OF STANDARD MILITARY
TERMINOLOGY
• USSOCOM IS CURRENTLY WRITING JP 3-05.1,
JSOTF OPERATIONS AND JP 3-05.3 WILL BE
RESCINDED
• JP 3-05.5 IS BEING REWRITTEN AND
REDESIGNATED JP 3-05.2, "JOINT TACTICS,
TECHNIQUES, AND PROCEDURES FOR SPECIAL
OPERATIONS TARGETING AND MISSION
PLANNING."

5. USSOCOM/JOINT DOCTRINE
CHANGES
• JP 3-57, Joint Doctrine for Civil-Military
Operations, 8 Feb 01
• JP 3-57.1 Joint Doctrine for Civil Affairs is
in second draft.
• JP 3-05, Doctrine for Joint Special
Operations – Program Directive issued.
• JP 0-2 Unified Action Armed Forces
(UNAAF)

6. Unified Action Armed Forces
(UNAAF)
• JP 0-2 designates the authorized command
relationships and authority military commanders can
use.
• Provides policy for the exercise of that military
authority.
• Provides doctrine and principles for command and
control.
• Prescribes policy for organizing joint forces.
• Prescribes policy for selected joint activities.
• Provides military guidance for the exercise of authority
by combatant commanders and other joint force
commanders .

7. Unified Action Armed Forces
(UNAAF)
• Joint Pub 0-2 will be followed except when, in the
judgment of the commander, exceptional
circumstances dictate otherwise. If conflicts arise
between the contents of this publication and the
contents of Service publications, this publication
will take precedence for the activities of joint
forces unless the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of
Staff, normally in coordination with the other
members of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, has
provided more current and specific guidance.

8. Roles,
Missions, and Functions
• “Roles” are the broad and enduring purposes for
which the Services and the United States Special
Operations Command (USSOCOM) were
established by Congress.
• “Missions” are the tasks assigned by the
President or Secretary of Defense to the
combatant commanders.
• “Functions” are specific responsibilities assigned
by the President and Secretary of Defense to
enable the Services and USSOCOM to fulfill their
legally established roles.

9. USSOCOM Roles
• Training and Ensuring Combat readiness
• Monitoring Personnel Promotions and Assignments
• Developing and Acquiring SOF-Peculiar Equipment
• Manage a Separate Major Force Program (MFP -11)

10. Foreign
Internal
Defense
Principal Missions
Civil
Affairs
Direct
Action
Combating
Terrorism
Special
Recon
Psychological
Operations
Information
Warfare
Counterproliferation
of Weapons of Mass
Destruction
Counter-
proliferation
of Weapons
of Mass
Destruction
Unconventional
Warfare

11. Coalition
Support
Collateral Missions
CSAR
CD
Activities
HD
Activities
Humanitarian
Assistance
Security
Assistance
Special
Activities

12. USSOCOM Functions
• Train and provide combat-ready special operations
forces (SOF) to the geographic combatant commanders
and, when directed by the NCA, conduct selected special
operations (SO).
• Develop SO, psychological operations, and civil affairs
strategy, doctrine and tactics, techniques, and
procedures.

13. USSOCOM Functions
• Prepare and submit to the Secretary of Defense
program recommendations and budget proposals for
SOF and for other forces assigned to USSOCOM.
• USCINCSOC exercises COCOM of all active and
reserve SOF, US Army psychological operations, and
civil affairs forces (except for Marine Corps Reserve
Civil Affairs Groups) stationed in the continental
United States.

15. The Combatant Commands
• The President, through the Secretary of Defense,
with the advice and assistance of the Chairman of
the Joint Chiefs of Staff, establishes combatant
commands for the performance of military missions
and prescribes the force structure of such
commands.

16. Commanders of Combatant
Commands
• Exercise combatant command (command
authority) (COCOM) of assigned forces
• Directly responsible to the NCA for the
performance of assigned missions and the
preparedness of their commands.
• Prescribe the chain of command within their
combatant commands and designate the
appropriate command authority to be exercised
by subordinate commanders.

17. The Military Departments
• Operate under the authority, direction, and
control of the Secretary of Defense.
• This branch of the chain of command embraces
all military forces within the respective Service
not specifically assigned to commanders of
combatant commands.
• This branch of the chain of command is separate
and distinct from the branch of the chain of
command that exists within a combatant
command.

18. Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of
Staff
• Assists the President and Secretary of Defense in
performing their command functions.
• Transmits to the commanders of the combatant
commands the orders given by the NCA and, as
directed by the Secretary of Defense, also oversees the
activities of those commands.
• Reports from combatant commanders normally will be
submitted through the Chairman who forwards them to
the Secretary of Defense and acts as the spokesman
for the commanders of the combatant commands.

19. COMMAND
• Commanders in the chain of command exercise
authority as prescribed by law or a superior
commander, defined as one of the following
command relationships, over the military
capability made available to them.

20. Command Relationships
• Combatant command [command authority]
(COCOM)
• Operational control (OPCON)
• Tactical control (TACON)
• Support

22. OPCON is the Authority to
• Exercise or delegate OPCON and TACON, establish
support relationships among subordinates, and
designate coordinating authorities.
• Give direction to subordinate commands and forces
necessary to carry out missions assigned to the
command, including authoritative direction over all
aspects of military operations and joint training.
• Prescribe the chain of command to the commands
and forces within the command.
• Organize commands and forces within the command
as necessary to carry out missions assigned to the
command.

23. OPCON is the Authority to
• Employ forces within the command, as necessary, to carry
out missions assigned to the command.
• Assign command functions to subordinate commanders.
• Plan for, deploy, direct, control, and coordinate the action
of subordinate forces.
• Establish plans, policies, priorities, and overall
requirements for the intelligence activities of the
command.
• Conduct joint training and joint training exercises required
to achieve effective employment of the forces of the
command, in accordance with joint doctrine established by
the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, and establish
training policies for joint operations required to
accomplish the mission.

24. OPCON is the Authority to
• Suspend from duty and recommend reassignment of
any officer assigned to the command.
• Assign responsibilities to subordinate commanders
for certain routine operational matters that require
coordination of effort of two or more commanders.
• Establish an adequate system of control for local
defense and delineate such areas operation for
subordinate commanders as deemed desirable.
• Delineate functional responsibilities and geographic
operational areas of subordinate commanders.

25. Tactical Control
• TACON is the command authority over assigned or
attached forces or commands, or military capability
or forces made available for tasking, that is limited to
the detailed and usually local direction and control of
movements or maneuvers necessary to accomplish
assigned missions or tasks. TACON may be
delegated to and exercised by commanders at any
echelon at or below the level of combatant command.
TACON is inherent in OPCON.

26. TACON provides the authority
to:
• Give direction for military operations.
• Control designated forces (e.g., ground forces, aircraft
sorties, missile launches, or satellite payload
management).

27. TACON
• TACON provides sufficient authority for controlling
and directing the application of force or tactical use
of combat support assets. TACON does not provide
organizational authority or authoritative direction for
administrative and logistic support.
• TACON typically is exercised by functional
component commanders over military capability or
forces made available to the functional component for
tasking.

28. SUPPORT
• Support is a command authority. A support
relationship is established by a superior
commander between subordinate commanders
when one organization should aid, protect,
complement, or sustain another force.

29. SUPPORT
• Support may be exercised by commanders at any
echelon at or below the level of combatant command.
• The designation of supporting relationships is important
as it conveys priorities to commanders and staffs who
are planning or executing joint operations.
• The establishing authority (the common superior
commander) is responsible for ensuring that both the
supported and supporting commander understand the
degree of authority the supported commander is
granted.

30. SUPPORT - Establishing
Directive
• An establishing directive normally is issued to specify
the purpose of the support relationship, the effect
desired, and the scope of the action to be taken. It
also should include:
• The forces and other resources allocated to the
supporting effort.
• The time, place, level, and duration of the supporting
effort.

31. SUPPORT - Establishing
Directive
• The relative priority of the supporting effort.
• The authority, if any, of the supporting
commander to modify the supporting effort in the
event of exceptional opportunity or an
emergency.
• The degree of authority granted to the supported
commander over the supporting effort.

34. Other Authorities - ADCON
• Administrative Control is the direction or exercise of
authority over subordinate or other organizations in
respect to administration and support including
organization of Service forces, control of resources
and equipment, personnel management, unit logistics,
individual and unit training, readiness, mobilization,
demobilization, and discipline and other matters not
included in the operational missions of the
subordinate or other organizations. ADCON may be
delegated to and exercised by commanders of Service
forces assigned to a combatant commander at any
echelon at or below the level of Service component
command.

35. Other Authorities -
Coordinating Authority
• Coordinating authority may be exercised by
commanders or individuals at any echelon at or below
the level of combatant command. Coordinating
authority is the authority delegated to a commander or
individual for coordinating specific functions and
activities involving forces of two or more Military
Departments, functional components, or two or more
forces of the same Service. The commander or
individual has the authority to require consultation
between the agencies involved but does not have the
authority to compel agreement.

36. Other Authorities- DIRLAUTH
• Direct Liaison Authorized is that authority granted by a
commander (any level) to a subordinate to directly
consult or coordinate an action with a command or
agency within or outside of the granting command.
DIRLAUTH is more applicable to planning than
operations and always carries with it the requirement
of keeping the commander granting DIRLAUTH
informed. DIRLAUTH is a coordination relationship,
not an authority through which command may be
exercised.

37. Joint Task Forces - JTFs
• Joint forces are established at three levels: unified
commands, subordinate unified commands, and
JTFs.
• Unified Commands are established by the President.
• Subordinate unified commands are established by
commanders of unified commands.
• JTFs can be established by the Secretary of Defense,
a combatant commander, subordinate unified
commander, or an existing JTF commander.

38. Subordinate Unified Command
• Commanders of subordinate unified commands have
functions and responsibilities similar to those of the
commanders of unified commands and exercise
OPCON of assigned commands and forces and
normally over attached forces within the assigned
JOA or functional area.

39. JTF’s
• The authority establishing a JTF designates the
commander and assigns the mission and forces.
• The commander of a JTF exercises OPCON over
assigned and normally over attached forces. The
commander is responsible for making
recommendations to the superior commander on the
proper employment of assigned and attached forces
and for accomplishing such operational missions as
may be assigned by the establishing commander.
• JTF commanders also are responsible to the
establishing commander for the conduct of joint
training of assigned forces.

40. Organizing Joint Forces
• A JFC has the authority to organize forces to best
accomplish the assigned mission based on the
concept of operations .
• JFC will establish subordinate commands, assign
responsibilities, establish or delegate appropriate
command and support relationships, and establish
coordinating instructions for the component
commanders.
• The composition of the JFC’s staff will reflect the
composition of the joint force to ensure those
responsible for employing joint forces have thorough
knowledge of total force capabilities and limitations.

42. Functional Component
Commands
• The JFC can establish functional component
commands to conduct operations. Functional
component commands can be appropriate when forces
from two or more Military Departments must operate in
the same dimension or medium or there is a need to
accomplish a distinct aspect of the assigned mission.
• Joint force land, air, maritime, and special operations
component commanders are examples of functional
components.
• Functional component commands are component
commands of a joint force and do not constitute a
“joint force” with the authorities and responsibilities of
a joint force even when composed of forces from two

43. JFSOCC
• Most often, joint forces are organized with a
combination of Service and functional component
commands with operational responsibilities.
• Joint forces organized with Army, Navy, Air Force,
and Marine Corps components will have special
operations forces (if assigned) organized as a
functional component.
• The JFC defines the authority and responsibilities of
the Service and functional component commanders.

44. JFSOCC
• The JFC must designate the military capability that
will be made available for tasking by the functional
component commander and the appropriate
command relationship(s) the functional component
commander will exercise.
• A joint force special operations component
commander normally has OPCON of assigned forces.
• A JFACC normally is delegated TACON of the sorties
or other military capability made available.

45. NOTIONAL JOINT TASK FORCE ORGANIZATION
THEATER COMPONENT COMMANDS
ARMY
COMMANDER
AIR FORCE
COMMANDER
SPECIAL OPERATIONS FORCES
COMMANDER
MARINE
COMMANDER
NAVY
COMMANDER
COMMANDER
JOINT TASK FORCE
COMMANDER IN CHIEF
JOINT FORCE
LAND
COMPONENT
COMMANDER
(JFLCC)
JOINT FORCE
MARITIME
COMPONENT
COMMANDER
(JFMCC)
JOINT FORCE
AIR
COMPONENT
COMMANDER
(JFACC)
JOINT FORCE
SPECIAL
OPERATIONS
COMPONENT
COMMANDER
(JFSOCC)
JOINT
CIVIL-MILITARY
OPERATIONS TASK
FORCE (JCMOTF)
JOINT
PSYCHOLOGICAL
OPERATIONS TASK
FORCE (JPOTF)
NSWTU
SOLE
CORPS/MEF
SOCCE
NAVSOF AFSOF ARSOF
NSWTG AFSOC ARSOTF JSOACC
ARSOA
NAVSOA
AFSOA
ADMIN/LOGISTICS
OPERATIONAL CONTROL
LIAISON
JSOTF

46. JSOTF DEFINITION
• A temporary joint SOF headquarters established
to control SOF of more than one Service in a
specific theater of operations or to accomplish a
specific mission. It supports the theater
campaign or other operations as directed.
Normally formed from the nucleus of the theater
SOC or an existing SOF component.

47. JSOAC DEFINITION
• Responsible for planning and executing joint
special air operations and for coordinating and
deconflicting these operations with conventional
air activities. The JSOACC will be the
commander with the preponderance of assets
and greatest ability to plan, coordinate, allocate,
task, control, and support the assigned joint
special operations aviation (SOA) assets.

48. SOLE DEFINITION
• A joint organization of SOF expertise, including SOF
aircrews, intelligence, airspace, logistics, Special
Tactics Team (Combat Control and Pararescue),
Army SF, and Navy Seals working with the JFACC
staff to ensure all SOF targets, teams, and air
missions are deconflicted and properly integrated
and coordinated at all planning and execution
phases aimed at the prevention of fratricide while
accomplishing assigned missions.

49. COMMAND PHILOSOPHY
• SIMPLICITY - FLEXIBILITY - REALISM
• EMPOWER JUNIOR LEADERS
• CENTRALIZED CONTROL WITH
DECENTRALIZED EXECUTION

50. THE CHALLENGE
• SOF MISSION CRITERIA
• APPROPRIATE MISSION?
• SUPPORT JFC’s CAMPAIGN PLAN?
• OPERATIONALLY FEASIBLE?
• RESOURCES AVAILABLE?
• EXPECTED OUTCOME JUSTIFY RISK?

51. INTERNET DOCTRINE SITES
• Joint Electronic Library
http://www.dtic.mil/doctrine/jel/index.html
• Army Doctrine
http://www.adtdl.army.mil/atdls.htm
• Air Force Doctrine
• http://www.doctrine.af.mil
• Navy Electronic Directives System
http://neds.nebt.daps.mil
• USMC Doctrine Division
http://www.doctrine.quantico.usmc.mil/index.html
• Air Land Sea Application Center
http://www.dtic.mil/alsa

52. QUESTIONS
?