The document summarizes a presentation by John Foran of Natural Resources Canada on shale gas development in Canada. It outlines Canada's energy policy framework, jurisdiction over energy resources, NRCan's role, Canada's large shale gas resources, and public concerns regarding shale gas development, particularly around water usage and potential contamination, greenhouse gas emissions, and induced seismicity. It also discusses NRCan's research addressing these concerns.
Denbury Resources is a leading CO2 enhanced oil recovery company with over 1 billion barrels of potential oil reserves. It has significant infrastructure in place including extensive CO2 pipelines and secure CO2 supply. Denbury has a proven track record of growth, having achieved a 30% compound annual growth rate in EOR production over the past 12 years. It also has opportunities for further sustainable growth through CO2 EOR projects, its Bakken acreage position, and natural gas assets with associated CO2 reserves.
Denbury Resources is a leading CO2 enhanced oil recovery company with over 1 billion barrels of potential oil reserves. It has significant scale with $8.7 billion in enterprise value and 72,337 barrels of oil equivalent per day in production. Denbury utilizes CO2 flooding to increase oil recovery from mature oil fields. It has over 1,000 miles of CO2 pipelines and access to secure CO2 supplies. The company aims to grow production at a 13-15% compound annual rate through 2020 by developing its large portfolio of oil fields suitable for CO2 enhanced oil recovery.
Richard Benedict, Indianapolis Power & Light Company (IPL) - Speaker at the marcus evans Generation Summit 2012, held in San Antonio, TX, delevered his presentation entitled “Hello My Old Friend” – The Resurgence of Natural Gas as the Power Generation Fuel of Choice
Denbury Resources is a leading CO2 enhanced oil recovery company with significant oil reserves and production. It has over 1 billion barrels of potential oil reserves recoverable through CO2 EOR across its Gulf Coast and Rocky Mountain regions. Denbury has extensive CO2 pipeline infrastructure and secure long-term supplies of CO2, positioning it for sustainable production and reserve growth through CO2 flooding. It aims to deliver high operating margins and capital efficiency through its EOR operations.
2Co Energy - Don Valley Power Project - Securing Energy Supporting Growth – D...Global CCS Institute
As a part of the Institute's strategic focus on assisting CCS projects through knowledge sharing, three North American roadshow events will help the industry share project experiences and knowledge about CCS. Taking place in the US and Canada, the three events include:
• Austin, Texas on November 8, 2011;
• Calgary, Canada on 10 November, 2011; and
• Washington, D.C. on 19 January, 2012.
The first roadshow focused on sharing project experiences and knowledge from the projects in North America but also brought in projects from Europe (Don valley) and Australia (Callide) so that regionally diverse experiences could be shared amongst a global audience.
Attendance at the event was around 30 to 35 which allowed open and frank discussions around technical, management, and regulatory issues and how these challenges can impact on a project’s advancement and decision making processes.
Denbury Resources is a leading CO2 enhanced oil recovery company with significant oil reserves and infrastructure. It has over 1 billion barrels of potential oil reserves through its Gulf Coast and Rocky Mountain regions. Denbury utilizes CO2 flooding to increase oil recovery from mature oil fields. It has a unique strategic advantage through its control of large CO2 sources and pipeline networks. Denbury has demonstrated a proven track record of production and reserve growth through CO2 EOR over the past decades.
1. Ireland faces major energy challenges around security of supply, developing a low-carbon economy, and competitive pricing.
2. The development of Ireland's domestic energy resources like Corrib gas and investment in infrastructure are critical needs.
3. Ireland's energy challenges will provide many opportunities for engineers in areas like infrastructure, renewable technologies, hydrocarbon exploration and development.
The document discusses opportunities for nuclear suppliers in the Tennessee Valley region. It notes increasing demand for energy and plans to meet that demand through building new nuclear plants and conserving energy. The region has major nuclear projects underway and offers a skilled nuclear workforce, research institutions like ORNL, and a central US location near transportation routes. The Tennessee Valley Nuclear Energy Consortium (TVNEC) aims to promote nuclear industry growth and develop ultra-heavy forging capabilities in the region. TVNEC also works with regional suppliers, utilities, and government agencies like DOE to bridge gaps and create opportunities for building new nuclear plants.
Denbury Resources is a leading CO2 enhanced oil recovery company with over 1 billion barrels of potential oil reserves. It has significant infrastructure in place including extensive CO2 pipelines and secure CO2 supply. Denbury has a proven track record of growth, having achieved a 30% compound annual growth rate in EOR production over the past 12 years. It also has opportunities for further sustainable growth through CO2 EOR projects, its Bakken acreage position, and natural gas assets with associated CO2 reserves.
Denbury Resources is a leading CO2 enhanced oil recovery company with over 1 billion barrels of potential oil reserves. It has significant scale with $8.7 billion in enterprise value and 72,337 barrels of oil equivalent per day in production. Denbury utilizes CO2 flooding to increase oil recovery from mature oil fields. It has over 1,000 miles of CO2 pipelines and access to secure CO2 supplies. The company aims to grow production at a 13-15% compound annual rate through 2020 by developing its large portfolio of oil fields suitable for CO2 enhanced oil recovery.
Richard Benedict, Indianapolis Power & Light Company (IPL) - Speaker at the marcus evans Generation Summit 2012, held in San Antonio, TX, delevered his presentation entitled “Hello My Old Friend” – The Resurgence of Natural Gas as the Power Generation Fuel of Choice
Denbury Resources is a leading CO2 enhanced oil recovery company with significant oil reserves and production. It has over 1 billion barrels of potential oil reserves recoverable through CO2 EOR across its Gulf Coast and Rocky Mountain regions. Denbury has extensive CO2 pipeline infrastructure and secure long-term supplies of CO2, positioning it for sustainable production and reserve growth through CO2 flooding. It aims to deliver high operating margins and capital efficiency through its EOR operations.
2Co Energy - Don Valley Power Project - Securing Energy Supporting Growth – D...Global CCS Institute
As a part of the Institute's strategic focus on assisting CCS projects through knowledge sharing, three North American roadshow events will help the industry share project experiences and knowledge about CCS. Taking place in the US and Canada, the three events include:
• Austin, Texas on November 8, 2011;
• Calgary, Canada on 10 November, 2011; and
• Washington, D.C. on 19 January, 2012.
The first roadshow focused on sharing project experiences and knowledge from the projects in North America but also brought in projects from Europe (Don valley) and Australia (Callide) so that regionally diverse experiences could be shared amongst a global audience.
Attendance at the event was around 30 to 35 which allowed open and frank discussions around technical, management, and regulatory issues and how these challenges can impact on a project’s advancement and decision making processes.
Denbury Resources is a leading CO2 enhanced oil recovery company with significant oil reserves and infrastructure. It has over 1 billion barrels of potential oil reserves through its Gulf Coast and Rocky Mountain regions. Denbury utilizes CO2 flooding to increase oil recovery from mature oil fields. It has a unique strategic advantage through its control of large CO2 sources and pipeline networks. Denbury has demonstrated a proven track record of production and reserve growth through CO2 EOR over the past decades.
1. Ireland faces major energy challenges around security of supply, developing a low-carbon economy, and competitive pricing.
2. The development of Ireland's domestic energy resources like Corrib gas and investment in infrastructure are critical needs.
3. Ireland's energy challenges will provide many opportunities for engineers in areas like infrastructure, renewable technologies, hydrocarbon exploration and development.
The document discusses opportunities for nuclear suppliers in the Tennessee Valley region. It notes increasing demand for energy and plans to meet that demand through building new nuclear plants and conserving energy. The region has major nuclear projects underway and offers a skilled nuclear workforce, research institutions like ORNL, and a central US location near transportation routes. The Tennessee Valley Nuclear Energy Consortium (TVNEC) aims to promote nuclear industry growth and develop ultra-heavy forging capabilities in the region. TVNEC also works with regional suppliers, utilities, and government agencies like DOE to bridge gaps and create opportunities for building new nuclear plants.
Denbury Resources is a leading CO2 enhanced oil recovery (EOR) company in the US with unique advantages. It has over 1 billion barrels of potential oil reserves recoverable through EOR using CO2, with infrastructure in place to access secure CO2 supplies. Denbury has achieved 30% compound annual growth in EOR production over 12 years through its scale, performance, and platform. It aims to sustainably grow EOR production 13-15% annually through 2020.
Denbury Resources is a leading CO2 enhanced oil recovery (EOR) company in the US with unique advantages. It has over 1 billion barrels of potential oil reserves recoverable through EOR using CO2, with infrastructure in place to access secure CO2 supplies. Denbury has achieved 30% compound annual growth in EOR production over 12 years through its scale, performance, and platform. It aims to sustainably grow EOR production 13-15% annually through 2020.
Germany's decision to phase out nuclear power over the next 11 years will impact carbon prices in the EU. The newsletter discusses various carbon market highlights including an increase in new CDM projects and issuance of CERs in May. It also provides updates on VER and CER prices globally and previews upcoming carbon events.
The document discusses global trends in sustainable energy markets and investment. Some key points made are:
1) Investment in renewable energy capacity has more than doubled in the last two years, reaching $52 billion in 2006. Venture capital and private equity investment in clean energy also increased significantly.
2) Wind and solar power saw the most growth and investment. China has become the second largest recipient of venture capital for clean energy projects after the US.
3) While investment is growing, renewable energy still faces challenges of competing with established fossil fuels which have proven technologies and are often less capital intensive initially, especially in developing countries.
4) Strengthening policy frameworks and regulatory structures will be needed to further
Where to from here? Oil & Gas Investor article by Bettina Pierre-Gillesbettinapg
1) Drilling for coalbed methane in Alberta's Horseshoe Canyon and Mannville formations is increasing as operators shift to more horizontal wells.
2) The Horseshoe Canyon is the only commercial coalbed methane play in Canada so far, with over 2,700 wells producing around 150,000 cubic feet per day on average.
3) The Mannville formation has potential but is not yet commercial due to water production challenges; some operators are exploring horizontal drilling to potentially unlock more gas at faster rates.
First Quantum is a rapidly growing mining and metals company that currently produces copper cathode, copper concentrate, nickel and gold. It has a solid track record of operational success and strong returns for shareholders. The company is increasing its annual copper production capacity to over 1 million tonnes through expansion projects at existing mines and new projects. It is also emerging as a nickel producer through the development of its large Kevitsa nickel project in Finland.
2008 annual report for Phoenix Coal (TSX: PHC), a company engaged in the exploration, production, acquisition and sale of coal from the Illinois Basin. The current mining operations and near-term development projects of the Company are located
in Western Kentucky, an area that comprises a part of the Illinois Basin.
Global CCS Institute - Day 2 - Keynote - CCUS in the United StatesGlobal CCS Institute
CCS PROGRESS IN CANADA: Dr Carmen Dybwad presented on progress of CCS in Canada from IPAC-CO2.
CCUS IN THE UNITED STATES: Judi Greenwald from C2ES discussed CCUS projects and policy in the United States.
CCS IN AUSTRALIA: Dick Wells from the National CCS Council provided an overview of CCS projects and policy in Australia.
This document discusses renewable energy potential and deployment scenarios in Cambridgeshire, England. It finds that Cambridgeshire has significant potential for renewable electricity and heat, especially from solar, biomass, heat pumps, and wind. Modeling four scenarios, the medium to high scenarios could deliver UK renewable energy and carbon targets by 2031, representing £3-6 billion in investment potential. Three primary delivery pathways are examined: public sector, community, and commercial, with community having potential from solar, heat pumps, wind, and solar water heating totaling hundreds of millions of pounds in capital expenditures.
A copy of the presentation by Sheryl French, Duncan Price and Tim Lunel at the CRIF Final Event on Tuesday 15th November at the SmartLife Centre, Cambridge.
September Corporate Presentation Bakken TransactionDenbury
Denbury Resources is a leading CO2 enhanced oil recovery (EOR) company in the US with over $8.9 billion in enterprise value. It has significant oil reserves that can be recovered through EOR using CO2, with over 1 billion barrels of potential oil reserves. Denbury utilizes infrastructure like pipelines to transport CO2 to oil fields for injection and extraction. It aims for sustainable growth of 13-15% annually through 2020 using its EOR platform and expertise.
The monthly carbon newsletter provides the following highlights:
- The issuance of CERs was high in April 2011 at 29.1 million. Togo entered the CDM with its first project and four new programs of activity were added to the pipeline.
- Domestic emissions trading schemes are being implemented or planned in key developing markets like China, India, and South Africa.
- The EU has decided that aviation emissions will be included in the EU emissions trading scheme beginning in 2012, covering about 4,000 aircraft operators. 212 million allowances will be created to cover aviation emissions in 2012.
- Tokyo launched Asia's first mandatory cap-and-trade scheme in 2010 aimed at reducing emissions 25%
Tim Bertels - The Quest CCS project Canada - Presentation at the Global CCS I...Global CCS Institute
The document summarizes Shell's Quest Carbon Capture & Storage Project in Alberta, Canada. It discusses (1) Shell's response to reducing CO2 emissions through natural gas, biofuels, carbon capture & storage, and energy efficiency; (2) Shell's involvement in various CCS projects worldwide; and (3) provides an overview of the Quest project which will capture over 1 million tonnes of CO2 per year from an oil sands upgrader and transport it via pipeline for storage in deep saline aquifers.
The document provides an investor update from Penn West Energy Trust. It discusses Penn West's discovered petroleum initially-in-place (DPIIP), including that DPIIP is equivalent to original oil in place. It also notes that certain information in the presentation constitutes forward-looking statements and is subject to risks and uncertainties. Furthermore, the document summarizes Penn West's light oil and natural gas reserves, prospective acreage holdings in various plays, and its Cardium development program in west central Alberta.
The document summarizes key points from a presentation on gas supply issues and consensus building in Indonesia. It discusses definitions of reserves and resources according to SPE standards, outlines Indonesia's gas reserves and resources estimates from various sources, and analyzes some of the major supply opportunities and challenges, including East Natuna gas field development, coal bed methane potential, and gas flaring volumes. The overall reserve replacement rate appears modest given current production levels. Major developments like East Natuna and accelerated CBM development would be needed to significantly increase long-term supply.
1) Vancouver mining companies are scrambling to acquire graphite mining projects around the world due to increased demand for graphite from electric vehicles and new Chinese export restrictions.
2) Graphite prices have risen significantly in recent years from $500-600 per tonne to $2,500-3,000 per tonne, spurring a rush of junior mining companies to acquire graphite projects.
3) Experts warn that due to the large number of companies entering the graphite mining sector, serious projects need to focus on deposits that can be mined via open-pit and have high-grade, large flake graphite to have the best chances of success.
Denbury Resources is a leading CO2 enhanced oil recovery (EOR) company in the United States with over $9 billion in enterprise value. It produces over 71,000 barrels of oil equivalent per day, has high operating margins, and has experienced 30% annual production growth over the past 12 years through EOR. Denbury has over 1 billion barrels of potential oil reserves accessible through its existing CO2 infrastructure network across two regions, and plans to sustain 13-15% annual growth through 2020.
This document provides a summary of the development of a national vision for Ireland through 2050 using an analytic framework called Irish TIMES. It describes the modeling partners and funding sources for the Irish TIMES Project. It then summarizes the key components and functioning of the TIMES model for balancing costs and emissions across different sectors of the economy. Several scenarios are examined including a reference scenario and two scenarios aiming for 80% and 95% reductions in CO2 emissions by 2050. The results provide insights into least cost pathways and key technologies needed to meet various emissions reduction targets. Next steps are identified to improve the model.
VOG owns the Logbaba gas field in Cameroon which contains proven reserves of 14 million barrels of oil equivalent. Phase 1 of the development plan is to drill a new well and install facilities to produce and sell 12 million cubic feet per day of gas to local industrial customers. VOG also has exploration assets in Russia, Kazakhstan, Ethiopia, and Mali totaling over 1.1 billion barrels of oil equivalent of prospective resources. The Logbaba field and future cash flow is expected to transform VOG into a leading energy supplier in Cameroon.
the presentation was given at the 2009 Green Building and Energy Efficiency International Conference in August in Shanghai, China. The conference was organized by McGraw-Hill and sponsored by U.S. DOE, USGBC, Shanghai Green Building Council, etc.
The document summarizes the nuclear supply chain in Canada. It discusses the Organization of CANDU Industries (OCI) which represents over 160 Canadian companies involved in supplying goods and services to the domestic and international nuclear industry. OCI members collectively employ over 30,000 Canadians. The document outlines key Canadian and international customers of the nuclear industry. It also highlights the economic benefits of nuclear energy in Canada, projected growth in the global nuclear market, and opportunities for Canadian companies in areas like decommissioning and waste management.
This document discusses shale development opportunities in Argentina, with a focus on the evolving supply chain to support shale gas and oil production. It provides an overview of Argentina's shale resources, particularly in the Neuquén Basin, and investments being made in the country by companies like YPF, Chevron, and Bridas to develop the Vaca Muerta shale formation. The document also examines requirements for imported goods and services to support Argentina's growing shale industry and the impacts this could have on domestic energy supply and potential for natural gas and natural gas liquid exports.
Denbury Resources is a leading CO2 enhanced oil recovery (EOR) company in the US with unique advantages. It has over 1 billion barrels of potential oil reserves recoverable through EOR using CO2, with infrastructure in place to access secure CO2 supplies. Denbury has achieved 30% compound annual growth in EOR production over 12 years through its scale, performance, and platform. It aims to sustainably grow EOR production 13-15% annually through 2020.
Denbury Resources is a leading CO2 enhanced oil recovery (EOR) company in the US with unique advantages. It has over 1 billion barrels of potential oil reserves recoverable through EOR using CO2, with infrastructure in place to access secure CO2 supplies. Denbury has achieved 30% compound annual growth in EOR production over 12 years through its scale, performance, and platform. It aims to sustainably grow EOR production 13-15% annually through 2020.
Germany's decision to phase out nuclear power over the next 11 years will impact carbon prices in the EU. The newsletter discusses various carbon market highlights including an increase in new CDM projects and issuance of CERs in May. It also provides updates on VER and CER prices globally and previews upcoming carbon events.
The document discusses global trends in sustainable energy markets and investment. Some key points made are:
1) Investment in renewable energy capacity has more than doubled in the last two years, reaching $52 billion in 2006. Venture capital and private equity investment in clean energy also increased significantly.
2) Wind and solar power saw the most growth and investment. China has become the second largest recipient of venture capital for clean energy projects after the US.
3) While investment is growing, renewable energy still faces challenges of competing with established fossil fuels which have proven technologies and are often less capital intensive initially, especially in developing countries.
4) Strengthening policy frameworks and regulatory structures will be needed to further
Where to from here? Oil & Gas Investor article by Bettina Pierre-Gillesbettinapg
1) Drilling for coalbed methane in Alberta's Horseshoe Canyon and Mannville formations is increasing as operators shift to more horizontal wells.
2) The Horseshoe Canyon is the only commercial coalbed methane play in Canada so far, with over 2,700 wells producing around 150,000 cubic feet per day on average.
3) The Mannville formation has potential but is not yet commercial due to water production challenges; some operators are exploring horizontal drilling to potentially unlock more gas at faster rates.
First Quantum is a rapidly growing mining and metals company that currently produces copper cathode, copper concentrate, nickel and gold. It has a solid track record of operational success and strong returns for shareholders. The company is increasing its annual copper production capacity to over 1 million tonnes through expansion projects at existing mines and new projects. It is also emerging as a nickel producer through the development of its large Kevitsa nickel project in Finland.
2008 annual report for Phoenix Coal (TSX: PHC), a company engaged in the exploration, production, acquisition and sale of coal from the Illinois Basin. The current mining operations and near-term development projects of the Company are located
in Western Kentucky, an area that comprises a part of the Illinois Basin.
Global CCS Institute - Day 2 - Keynote - CCUS in the United StatesGlobal CCS Institute
CCS PROGRESS IN CANADA: Dr Carmen Dybwad presented on progress of CCS in Canada from IPAC-CO2.
CCUS IN THE UNITED STATES: Judi Greenwald from C2ES discussed CCUS projects and policy in the United States.
CCS IN AUSTRALIA: Dick Wells from the National CCS Council provided an overview of CCS projects and policy in Australia.
This document discusses renewable energy potential and deployment scenarios in Cambridgeshire, England. It finds that Cambridgeshire has significant potential for renewable electricity and heat, especially from solar, biomass, heat pumps, and wind. Modeling four scenarios, the medium to high scenarios could deliver UK renewable energy and carbon targets by 2031, representing £3-6 billion in investment potential. Three primary delivery pathways are examined: public sector, community, and commercial, with community having potential from solar, heat pumps, wind, and solar water heating totaling hundreds of millions of pounds in capital expenditures.
A copy of the presentation by Sheryl French, Duncan Price and Tim Lunel at the CRIF Final Event on Tuesday 15th November at the SmartLife Centre, Cambridge.
September Corporate Presentation Bakken TransactionDenbury
Denbury Resources is a leading CO2 enhanced oil recovery (EOR) company in the US with over $8.9 billion in enterprise value. It has significant oil reserves that can be recovered through EOR using CO2, with over 1 billion barrels of potential oil reserves. Denbury utilizes infrastructure like pipelines to transport CO2 to oil fields for injection and extraction. It aims for sustainable growth of 13-15% annually through 2020 using its EOR platform and expertise.
The monthly carbon newsletter provides the following highlights:
- The issuance of CERs was high in April 2011 at 29.1 million. Togo entered the CDM with its first project and four new programs of activity were added to the pipeline.
- Domestic emissions trading schemes are being implemented or planned in key developing markets like China, India, and South Africa.
- The EU has decided that aviation emissions will be included in the EU emissions trading scheme beginning in 2012, covering about 4,000 aircraft operators. 212 million allowances will be created to cover aviation emissions in 2012.
- Tokyo launched Asia's first mandatory cap-and-trade scheme in 2010 aimed at reducing emissions 25%
Tim Bertels - The Quest CCS project Canada - Presentation at the Global CCS I...Global CCS Institute
The document summarizes Shell's Quest Carbon Capture & Storage Project in Alberta, Canada. It discusses (1) Shell's response to reducing CO2 emissions through natural gas, biofuels, carbon capture & storage, and energy efficiency; (2) Shell's involvement in various CCS projects worldwide; and (3) provides an overview of the Quest project which will capture over 1 million tonnes of CO2 per year from an oil sands upgrader and transport it via pipeline for storage in deep saline aquifers.
The document provides an investor update from Penn West Energy Trust. It discusses Penn West's discovered petroleum initially-in-place (DPIIP), including that DPIIP is equivalent to original oil in place. It also notes that certain information in the presentation constitutes forward-looking statements and is subject to risks and uncertainties. Furthermore, the document summarizes Penn West's light oil and natural gas reserves, prospective acreage holdings in various plays, and its Cardium development program in west central Alberta.
The document summarizes key points from a presentation on gas supply issues and consensus building in Indonesia. It discusses definitions of reserves and resources according to SPE standards, outlines Indonesia's gas reserves and resources estimates from various sources, and analyzes some of the major supply opportunities and challenges, including East Natuna gas field development, coal bed methane potential, and gas flaring volumes. The overall reserve replacement rate appears modest given current production levels. Major developments like East Natuna and accelerated CBM development would be needed to significantly increase long-term supply.
1) Vancouver mining companies are scrambling to acquire graphite mining projects around the world due to increased demand for graphite from electric vehicles and new Chinese export restrictions.
2) Graphite prices have risen significantly in recent years from $500-600 per tonne to $2,500-3,000 per tonne, spurring a rush of junior mining companies to acquire graphite projects.
3) Experts warn that due to the large number of companies entering the graphite mining sector, serious projects need to focus on deposits that can be mined via open-pit and have high-grade, large flake graphite to have the best chances of success.
Denbury Resources is a leading CO2 enhanced oil recovery (EOR) company in the United States with over $9 billion in enterprise value. It produces over 71,000 barrels of oil equivalent per day, has high operating margins, and has experienced 30% annual production growth over the past 12 years through EOR. Denbury has over 1 billion barrels of potential oil reserves accessible through its existing CO2 infrastructure network across two regions, and plans to sustain 13-15% annual growth through 2020.
This document provides a summary of the development of a national vision for Ireland through 2050 using an analytic framework called Irish TIMES. It describes the modeling partners and funding sources for the Irish TIMES Project. It then summarizes the key components and functioning of the TIMES model for balancing costs and emissions across different sectors of the economy. Several scenarios are examined including a reference scenario and two scenarios aiming for 80% and 95% reductions in CO2 emissions by 2050. The results provide insights into least cost pathways and key technologies needed to meet various emissions reduction targets. Next steps are identified to improve the model.
VOG owns the Logbaba gas field in Cameroon which contains proven reserves of 14 million barrels of oil equivalent. Phase 1 of the development plan is to drill a new well and install facilities to produce and sell 12 million cubic feet per day of gas to local industrial customers. VOG also has exploration assets in Russia, Kazakhstan, Ethiopia, and Mali totaling over 1.1 billion barrels of oil equivalent of prospective resources. The Logbaba field and future cash flow is expected to transform VOG into a leading energy supplier in Cameroon.
the presentation was given at the 2009 Green Building and Energy Efficiency International Conference in August in Shanghai, China. The conference was organized by McGraw-Hill and sponsored by U.S. DOE, USGBC, Shanghai Green Building Council, etc.
The document summarizes the nuclear supply chain in Canada. It discusses the Organization of CANDU Industries (OCI) which represents over 160 Canadian companies involved in supplying goods and services to the domestic and international nuclear industry. OCI members collectively employ over 30,000 Canadians. The document outlines key Canadian and international customers of the nuclear industry. It also highlights the economic benefits of nuclear energy in Canada, projected growth in the global nuclear market, and opportunities for Canadian companies in areas like decommissioning and waste management.
This document discusses shale development opportunities in Argentina, with a focus on the evolving supply chain to support shale gas and oil production. It provides an overview of Argentina's shale resources, particularly in the Neuquén Basin, and investments being made in the country by companies like YPF, Chevron, and Bridas to develop the Vaca Muerta shale formation. The document also examines requirements for imported goods and services to support Argentina's growing shale industry and the impacts this could have on domestic energy supply and potential for natural gas and natural gas liquid exports.
U.S. Department of Energy Office of Fossil Energy – Early CCUS Deployment th...Global CCS Institute
This document discusses how early deployment of carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) through CO2 enhanced oil recovery (EOR) can help catalyze commercialization of carbon capture and storage (CCS) technology. It notes that CO2-EOR could produce 60 billion barrels of domestic oil, create over 600,000 jobs, and reduce CO2 capture costs to $1 per tonne by 2030 while meeting emissions reduction goals. The document argues that CO2-EOR provides an opportunity to spur widespread adoption of CCUS technologies through economic and environmental benefits.
Jeffrey Brown – Summit Power Group – Texas Clean Energy Project: coal feedsto...Global CCS Institute
Jeffrey Brown, Vice-President, Project Finance, Summit Power Group, presented on the Texas Clean Energy Project’s coal feedstock poly-generation plant with CCUS at the Global CCS Institute's Japanese Members' Meeting held in Tokyo on 8 June 2012
Natural Resources Canada – Carbon Capture & Storage in Canada – Claude Gauvin...Global CCS Institute
Canada supports the development and use of carbon capture and storage (CCS) technology to reconcile its economically important energy sector with climate change objectives. CCS could allow continued production and use of fossil fuels while reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Canada is taking actions like funding demonstration projects, conducting research and development, developing regulatory frameworks, and engaging domestically and internationally to advance CCS. Significant public investments totaling billions of dollars have supported multiple CCS demonstration projects across various Canadian energy industries.
The document summarizes SSE's strategy and activities related to carbon capture and storage (CCS) technology. Key points include:
- SSE is piloting post-combustion carbon capture technology at its Ferrybridge Power Station through its CCPilot100+ project. This aims to validate the performance of DPS absorption technology and build UK capacity.
- SSE sees CCS as enabling the increased deployment of intermittent renewable technologies like wind by providing flexible fossil-based generation. CCS could also help the UK meet its 2030 carbon reduction targets in a cost effective way.
- SSE selected the depleted Goldeneye gas field offshore Scotland for storage in its proposed Peterhead CCS demonstration project retrofitting a CCGT
Summit Power – Texas Clean Energy Project: A PolyGen Facility with 90% CO2 Ca...Global CCS Institute
The Texas Clean Energy Project (TCEP) is a proposed 400 MW integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) power plant with 90% carbon capture located in Odessa, Texas. It will use coal gasification and carbon capture technology to generate electricity while capturing approximately 2.5 million tons per year of carbon dioxide. Additional products will include urea fertilizer and argon gas. The $2.2 billion project aims to demonstrate large-scale carbon capture and storage while creating jobs and supporting US energy security through low-carbon energy sources.
- El Paso Corporation has made significant progress in its turnaround, reducing debt from $20.5 billion to $15.9 billion and selling $4.3 billion in assets to focus on its pipeline and production businesses.
- The company's pipeline group owns major interstate pipelines and has a portfolio of growth projects to expand access to new natural gas supplies and growing markets. Its production business has stabilized production and increased reserves through acquisitions and improved drilling.
- Moving forward, El Paso aims to further reduce debt, generate free cash flow, complete the turnaround of production, and achieve additional cost reductions as it builds on its recent successes.
Choosing the Clean Path for Fueling Our Transportation FutureLiz Barratt-Brown
The document discusses the environmental impacts and policy implications of expanding production of high-carbon fuels like tar sands and oil shale. It argues that developing these fuels undermines efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and achieve climate goals. Tar sands extraction in particular has significant land use and water impacts. Increased reliance on high-carbon fuels could make an 80% reduction in transportation emissions by 2050 impossible and undermine energy security goals by locking in long-term dependence on oil. Alternative solutions are needed that reduce oil use and avoid environmentally destructive sources of fuel.
This document provides an update on the Theunissen UCG Project from African Carbon Energy. It discusses the history and founding of Africary, their coal resources in the Theunissen area, plans for exploration and site infrastructure, the UCG process, power generation using UCG syngas, and the project timeline and milestones towards commercialization. The goal is to build and operate a commercial-scale UCG plant to generate electricity in South Africa.
This document discusses hydraulic fracturing in Canada. It provides an overview of Encana Corporation, one of Canada's largest natural gas producers. It addresses public concerns regarding the safety and environmental impacts of hydraulic fracturing. The industry has responded to these concerns by developing guiding principles through the Canadian Association of Petroleum Producers around issues like water usage, chemical disclosure, and seismic activity. The document also outlines Encana's experience implementing practices like fracturing fluid additive disclosure and risk assessment to address stakeholder concerns over hydraulic fracturing.
The document discusses the Office of Clean Coal's goals and vision to support research, development and demonstration of technologies to ensure availability of clean, affordable energy from coal and fossil resources. It outlines 5 goals, including demonstrating near-zero emission fossil-based technologies and driving international collaboration and acceptance of carbon capture and storage technologies. It also provides an overview of major carbon capture and storage demonstration projects in the US, including their locations, costs, funding sources and intended storage methods (enhanced oil recovery or saline aquifer storage).
This document summarizes Southern Company's research and development activities and partnerships with the Department of Energy. It describes Southern Company's approach of conducting research through centralized laboratories and collaborations. It highlights several coal-based technology demonstration projects resulting from the DOE/Southern Company partnership, including scrubbers, SCR systems, and carbon capture and storage. It also summarizes key projects like the National Carbon Capture Center and Kemper County IGCC plant.
The best overview of CO2 EOR I've seen crabtreeSteve Wittrig
Brad Crabtree, "The critical role of CCS and EOR in managing US carbon emissions" in "CO2 Summit II: Technologies and
Opportunities", Holly Krutka, Tri-State Generation & Transmission Association Inc. Frank Zhu, UOP/Honeywell Eds, ECI Symposium Series, (2016). http://dc.engconfintl.org/co2_summit2/3
This document discusses potential power production fuels for Jamaica, including both conventional and unconventional sources. It outlines the criteria any fuel must meet including being plentiful, available, energy dense, economical, safe to transport and use, and environmentally friendly. Natural gas and LNG are discussed as options, with CNG cited as a potentially viable solution for distances under 2,500 miles due to lower infrastructure costs, though it presents safety and technical challenges. Engineering support would be needed for any CNG project. LNG is established but more expensive, and requires substantial facilities and investment.
Update on CCS Activities in Canada and Possible Topics for European Collaboration, Kathryn Gagnon (Policy Advisor, Natural Resources Canada) UK/Norway/Canada Meeting 18/19 March 2015
Summit Power Group is a developer of clean energy projects including carbon capture and storage (CCS) technologies. Sasha Mackler discussed Summit's focus on developing CCS projects to provide CO2 for enhanced oil recovery and produce low-carbon electricity. Mackler outlined two of Summit's major CCS projects - the Texas Clean Energy Project, a coal gasification facility that will capture 3 million tons of CO2 per year, and the Captain Clean Energy Project in the UK, which will capture over 3.8 million tons of CO2 per year from an integrated gasification combined cycle facility. Mackler noted that while CCS technologies are commercially viable, successful large-scale projects are still needed to demonstrate the business case for implementing C
Summit Power - Texas Clean Energy Project – Laura Miller - Global CCS Institu...Global CCS Institute
As a part of the Institute's strategic focus on assisting CCS projects through knowledge sharing, three North American roadshow events will help the industry share project experiences and knowledge about CCS. Taking place in the US and Canada, the three events include:
• Austin, Texas on November 8, 2011;
• Calgary, Canada on 10 November, 2011; and
• Washington, D.C. on 19 January, 2012.
The first roadshow focused on sharing project experiences and knowledge from the projects in North America but also brought in projects from Europe (Don valley) and Australia (Callide) so that regionally diverse experiences could be shared amongst a global audience.
Attendance at the event was around 30 to 35 which allowed open and frank discussions around technical, management, and regulatory issues and how these challenges can impact on a project’s advancement and decision making processes.
The document summarizes the British Columbia Oil and Gas Commission's regulatory approach to shale gas development in British Columbia. It provides an overview of the province's shale gas basins and production. It describes the Commission's legislative structure and authorities. The Commission takes an innovative, science-based approach focused on area-based analysis, new technologies like NEWT mapping, monitoring, and adaptive management. The future of shale gas in BC will depend on developing LNG export capacity as US demand is expected to decline. The Commission aims to effectively regulate shale gas development to meet energy demands while benefiting citizens.
This document discusses trends in the natural gas market and outlook. It notes that advances in technology have led to a surge in unconventional gas supply in North America, creating a divergence in regional gas prices. Many countries want to emulate this success, but concerns remain about the environmental and social impacts. Looking ahead, factors on both the supply and demand side are pushing gas to a higher share in the global energy mix, changing trade patterns and connections between markets. For gas to fulfill its role in a low-carbon future, social and environmental concerns must be properly addressed through international cooperation.
This document summarizes Poland's perspective on shale gas development. It discusses Poland's reliance on coal and natural gas imports currently. Poland has significant shale gas resources that could help improve energy security and develop the domestic economy. The document outlines Poland's shale gas exploration efforts to date and potential economic and environmental impacts. It also discusses Poland's cooperation with Canada on sharing best practices for responsible shale gas development.
The document discusses the Polish Exploration and Production Industry Organization (OPPPW), which represents companies exploring and producing hydrocarbons in Poland. It promotes understanding of the industry and maintains dialogue with government. OPPPW has 15 member companies and 6 observer companies. It also discusses Poland's history with natural gas exploration and production, the current status of shale gas development, potential barriers to development like an unfavorable legal framework and bureaucracy, and lessons that can be learned from Canada's regulatory approach.
Talisman Energy is an international oil and gas company with operations focused in North America, North Sea, and Southeast Asia. The document discusses Talisman's corporate responsibility practices, including their Good Neighbor Program, Local Economic Engagement Strategy, and engagement with local communities and indigenous groups. It provides case studies on Talisman's work consulting with First Nations groups in Canada and local stakeholders for a water pipeline project in British Columbia.
- Shale gas exploration and development is a lengthy and uncertain process that can take decades and involves exploring, appraising, and developing resources through a step-wise approach.
- Not all shale gas plays are economically viable, and it can be challenging to determine where a particular play falls on the spectrum from expensive to economic.
- Shale gas operations require significant upfront investment and have long payout periods, but can provide stable long-term cashflow through manufacturing-style development once established.
- Operators aim to minimize surface footprint and engage local communities to address environmental and social concerns.
The document discusses developing a regulatory framework for unconventional oil and gas development in Alberta. It outlines some key risks like inter-wellbore communication and loss of well integrity. It evaluates regulatory alternatives to address these risks, like prescribing standards or specifying outcomes. The ERCB's approach will focus on maintaining well integrity, managing inter-well communication risk, defining shallow depths, and ensuring compliance. Next steps include further consultation to finalize the directives and compliance assurance strategy.
1. Shale Gas Development in Canada –
A Federal Perspective
Brussels Forum
John Foran, Energy Sector
Natural Resources Canada (NRCan)
January 22, 2013
2. Presentation Summary
Canadian Energy Policy/Regulatory/Market Overview
Jurisdiction & Energy Policy
NRCan Mandate
Resources
Technologies
Canadian concerns with shale gas development:
Groundwater use and contamination
Greenhouse gas emissions
Induced seismicity
Conclusions
3. Understanding Energy Jurisdiction
Provinces own and manage the
resources
Production, gathering, processing
infrastructure and intra-provincial pipelines
Single jurisdiction pipes are provincial
Federal government responsibilities
inter-provincial and international trade
(market structure)
Cross jurisdiction pipelines
exports/imports
LNG facilities are generally
provincially-regulated
4. Canadian Energy Policy Framework
Canada’s energy policy is market oriented – deregulated prices
- Markets determine supply, demand, prices and infrastructure
investments
Targeted interventions and regulations help achieve specific objectives:
- Encourage cleaner energy, efficiency
- Human health/safety
- Science and technology
- Regulated rates on pipelines
Both Federal and Provincial gov’ts have jurisdictional powers that are
important in energy issues
Canada requires aboriginal consultation on decisions that may impact
aboriginal rights or title
5. NRCan Mandate, Role of Public Servants
Natural Resources Canada (NRCan) Mandate
Federal energy department – responsible for energy policy 1
Ensure the sustainable development and responsible use of the
country’s natural resources; maximize benefits to Canadians;
strengthen conditions for Canada’s economic success
Provide sound environmental leadership, and ensure public
safety and security
Code of Public Service
Assist Ministers, under law, to serve the public interest; give
honest and impartial advice; political neutrality.
1. And other things – mining, forestry
6. 6
Canada is a global energy leader
Third largest producer of natural gas (144 Bcm)
4th largest exporter
Sixth largest producer of oil (~3 million barrels/day)
Third largest producer of hydro power
Second largest producer of uranium
Own nuclear power technology (CANDU)
More than 75% of power generation non-emitting
Vast renewable and clean energy potential
- e.g. wind, biomass, solar, marine and geothermal
7. Large Canadian Natural Gas Resources
Based on conventional natural gas, in
1970s Canada became world’s third largest
global gas producer, and fourth largest
global gas exporter.
Alberta and Saskatchewan > 300 TCF OGIP
TOTAL > 1400 TCF OGIP Allowed Canada to develop world-leading
natural gas drilling, processing, and
Liard
discoveries pipeline expertise and infrastructure, as
well as world-leading regulators and
regulations.
Technology breakthroughs in shale and
tight gas have now doubled Canadian
resources.
3
OGIP=Original Gas in Place
8. Canadian Marketable Resource Estimates
1,400 Technology doubled
1,304 Tcf
Canada’s natural gas
1,200
resource base – still rising
Trillion Cubic Feet (Tcf)
1,000 Shale Shift to shale gas - the new
& Tight
800
(819) low cost supply of energy in
733 Tcf
Shale
Canada
600 & Tight US export market expected
(343)
400 CBM
CBM to become self-sufficient
Canada pursuing market
200
Conv.
Conv. Conv. diversification via LNG
0 exports to Asia
2000 2010 2010
(Low) (High)
Source: Cdn.Society for Unconventional Resources
9. New Technologies Make Shale Gas Economic
Horizontal wells
+
Multi-stage fracs
+
Pad drilling
>1km
=
Economic
Development
Source: Alberta
Venture
11. Public Concerns
Public concern and opposition to shale gas development
exists, particularly in non-traditional hydrocarbon producing
provinces such as Quebec and New Brunswick
Concerns include
i) water use and contamination (incl. frac fluid disclosure);
ii) air emissions (incl. GHGs);
iii) induced micro-seismicity
Some shales are located under populated or agricultural
areas and below key Canadian aquifers, which has increased
these concerns.
13. What’s Under Groundwater
Fresh groundwater is usually in
the first 100-200 m. Brackish or
saline groundwater is usually
below 300 m.
Below the deepest freshwater
aquifers, porosity is filled with: i)
saline water; ii) natural gas; or iii)
crude oil.
Technology and regulations
must be used to prevent
communication of deep fluids or
drilling/completion fluids with near
surface groundwater.
14. NRCan Research
Groundwater Geoscience Program (2009 – 2014) characterizes regional aquifer
systems and makes the data available through the Groundwater Information Network
Program aims to map and assess 30 key aquifers to provide scientific knowledge
on GW resources for water management and protection.
In 2012, NRCan implemented new shale gas studies including:
the potential impacts of shale gas development on surficial aquifers
induced seismicity related to hydraulic fracturing and/or deep aquifer re-injection of
post-frack wastewater.
Under the Geoscience for New Energy Program, NRCan is characterizing shale-
hosted petroleum reservoirs to better understand the quality and behaviour of these
reservoirs, to develop a standardized resource assessment methodology.
Council of Canadian Academies
The Sustainable Management of Groundwater in Canada, May 2009
Environmental Impacts of Shale Gas Development - in progress
15. Risks to Groundwater
Environment Canada and Natural Resources Canada have
considerable groundwater expertise and mapping and
monitoring programs.
In Canada, surface activities have been identified as posing the
largest risks to groundwater.
E.g. municipal landfills, industrial waste disposal sites,
leaking gasoline storage tanks, leaking septic tanks,
accidental spills, run off from road salt, fertilizer, pesticides,
livestock wastes etc.
16. Facts on Hydraulic Fracturing in Canada
Hydraulic fracturing used in North America since the 1940’s.
Over 175,000 wells fractured in Alberta alone.
Regulations govern wellbore construction to ensure steel casing and
cement barriers separate the wellbore and nearby water sources.
Fracturing of pay zone typically extends less than 300 metres above the
stimulated zone (which is typically deeper than 1,000 metres), making it
extremely unlikely for fractures to impact potable groundwater.
In Canada, there have been very few incidents, and no proven cases
of water well contamination resulting from hydraulic fracturing.
An incident in 2012 contaminated a near surface water-bearing
zone, due to improper completion work. The zone is not a source of
potable water.
17. Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Lifecycle greenhouse gas emissions from shale gas being produced in
Canada are on average 4 percent greater than those from
conventional natural gas
29 to 38 percent lower than other fossil fuels such as gasoline, diesel and coal.
Procedures to prevent methane releases during well completion.
Fugitive methane emissions from shale gas production are unlikely to vary
significantly from conventional gas production.
Natural gas is a transition fuel for a low-carbon economy as it is
cleaner burning than any other fossil fuel and is in abundant supply.
The increased use of natural gas (incl. from shale), in place of more
greenhouse gas-intensive fuels, is consistent with Canada’s climate change
mitigation efforts.
www.ghgenius.ca
18. Induced Seismicity
Induced seismicity refers to seismic events caused by human
activities (in comparison with naturally occurring earthquakes).
Hydraulic fracturing activities in British Columbia may have caused
seismic events with magnitudes ranging up to 3.8.
Studies are ongoing to increase the understanding of potential linkages
between fracking and induced seismicity.
In Canada, no damage has been documented as a result of induced
seismicity associated with shale gas development sites.
NRCan scientists are active in research and speak to public concerns
in this area.
19. Conclusions
The regulation of shale gas development is primarily provincial.
New technologies are leading to natural gas production from
previously non-productive rocks (shale) and from new regions
Estimated Canadian natural gas resources have grown dramatically
Canada is targetting new markets for natural gas via LNG,
particularly as the US becomes more self-sufficient
Considerable public concern has been expressed about potential
negative environmental and health impacts of hydraulic fracturing.
NRCan has observed that hydraulic fracturing, using the
technologies employed in Canada, and governed by Canadian
regulatory requirements, has not resulted in significant negative
environmental impacts.
21. 2011 WCSB Natural Gas Production
Shale Gas in AB
CBM
5.4%
Tight
26.6%
Shale
0.0%
Conv.
39.6%
Total
71.7%
Canada
BC 0.0% 12.9% 3.5% 8.8% 25.1%
SK 0.0% 1.5% 0.0% 1.6% 3.1%
YK 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.1% 0.1%
Total 5.4% 41.0% 3.5% 50.1% 100.0%
•BC: Commercial Production •AB: 15 shale gas formations
•New Regulatory Framework •850 tcf identified
•Enormous Resources •ERCB further evaluating
•Qc: Utica Shale –
•Targeting LNG exports shale gas resource potential
experimental stage
•Shale gas development in
•BAPE recommendation for
early stages
environmental review
•No shale gas development
until Strategic Environmental
Review is concluded
•Anticosti/NF: shales are
being evaluated
•ON: active identifying
prospective shale units
•NB: 5 wells targeting shale •NS: Two gas wells
•NG Steering Committee in Horton Bluff Shale
•SK/MB: PIRA expects SK/MB •No referendum on issue •3 wells fractured in the
shale oil production to grow from •Blueprint for dev’t coming Kennetcook area
75kb/d in 2010 to 700kb/d in 2025 soon •Provincial review by
2014
22. Large Canadian Natural Gas Resources
Western Canada
Eastern Canada
Canada has world-
leading natural gas
drilling, processing, and
pipeline expertise,
infrastructure, regulators
and regulations.
Pursuing LNG exports to
Asia and Europe
www.Shaleresourcecenter.ca
23. Resource Jurisdiction:
a Shared Responsibility
The direct ownership, management and regulation of most natural
resources fall under provincial jurisdiction
Issues of interprovincial, national, or international concern fall under
federal jurisdiction
Provincial Jurisdiction Federal Jurisdiction
•Resource ownership, •International and interprovincial
management and royalties issues e.g. EXPORTS
•Land-use planning and •Uranium/nuclear power
allocation •Federal lands in North, offshore
•Laws regarding the exploration, and Crown lands
development, conservation and •Works declared to be for the
use of natural resources within general benefit of Canada (e.g.
provincial boundaries science and technology)
24. Natural Gas Pipelines and Prices
2012 Canadian Statistics
Prod’n = 13.8 Bcf/d
Exports = 8.4 Bcf/d
Imports = 2.9 Bcf/d
Alberta price = $2.31
Cdn$/GJ
Current Alberta price =
$3.00 Cdn$/GJ
US becoming self
sufficient, Canada
pursuing export market
diversification via LNG
export projects
25. LNG Exports and Pipeline Proposals
Proposed Liquefaction terminals
Proposed Pipelines
Ridley Island
Pipeline will provide up to 4.2 Bcf/d
In service:2019
Spectra / BG Group
Regulatory applications pending
Pacific Northwest LNG
18 MT/yr
Petronas/Progress
LNG Canada
Up to 24 MT/yr or 3.2 Bcf/d
In service: 2019
Shell, Mitsubishi, Kogas, Petrochina
cf / d
Export licence under review 4.2 b f/d
/ BG c
Spe ctra 3.6 b
Ru pert bcf/d
ince l 3.4
Pr Shel
TC PL /
Kitimat LNG Operating Gen. Part.
bcf/d
Pacific Trails 1.4
Up to 10 MT/yr or 1.3 Bcf/d
In service: 2017
Encana, Apache, EOG BC LNG Export Co-operative
Export license approved Up to 1.8 MT/yr or 0.25 Bcf/d
In service: 2014
Export license approved
26. Public Concerns (con’t)
NRCan consulted regulators, geoscientists, government
departments, and experts to gather factual information and
shares the IEA view that:
“The technologies and know-how exist for
unconventional gas to be produced in a way that
satisfactorily meets these challenges but a
continuous drive from governments and industry to
improve performance is required if public
confidence is to be maintained or earned.”
Editor's Notes
This slide provides a further depiction of how jurisdiction would work in terms of an energy project associated with delivering natural gas to a liquefaction terminal for export. As owners of the resource in th ground, provinces regulate the production, gathering, and processing of the natural gas. Pipelines are either federal or provincial depending on whether they cross a border. Single jurisdiction piplines are provincial, while inter-jurisdictional pipelines are federal. The federal energy regulator (the national Energy Board) is also responsible for authorizing imports and exports of natural gas. The actual LNG facility is generally provincially regulated.
examples of natural 'contamination', i.e. rock weathering, that produces groundwaters water that either exceeds aesthetic guidelines or are unsafe for human consumption. Also there is abundant gas in groundwaters as well that are derived from natural sources (biogenic gas produced in the shallow surface). Typical rural operations can often lead to groundwater contamination as well (e.g, poor maintenance of septic systems, keeping livestock too close to the well, poor well maintenance). As an example I visited one farm that had the domestic water well right in the middle of the cow paddock. Some studies have suggested that over 40% of rural wells in the prairies exceed health guidelines, mostly fecal coliform contamination. I would agree that the major risks for contamination are surface activities as petroleum wells are required to case to below the zone of groundwater protection, and in most cases drilling and fracturing is well below the potable groundwater zone. The key issues gets to be be how much separation is required between the base of groundwater protection and fracturing, which is a growing area of research interest.
GHGenius is the tool NRCan uses to estimate lifecycle GHG emissions from fuels. It considers emissions from all stages of production, processing, transportation, and use of fuels. Provinces, industry, and others use GHGenius to estimate lifecycle GHG emissions from fuels for regulations, policy development, and research. It is similar to lifecycle tools used in the U.S., Europe, and elsewhere, except that it is the only one that contains Canadian data. Natural Resources Canada (NRCan), in collaboration with the Canadian Association of Petroleum Producers, recently completed a lifecycle analysis of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from two shale gas production sites in northern British Columbia (B.C.). These two sites make up approximately 45% of the current total estimated shale gas resources and nearly all shale gas production in Canada. The average lifecycle GHG emissions from current Canadian shale gas production and use are approximately 4% higher than from average conventional gas. For comparison, gasoline is 46% higher than average conventional gas, diesel is 57% higher, and coal is 68% higher. The perception exists among some in the general public that shale gas may have a GHG footprint that is much larger than conventional gas and even larger than coal. The study’s findings show that GHG emissions from shale gas are clearly lower than from other fossil fuel options (e.g. gasoline, diesel, and coal). Some have suggested shale gas results in greater methane leakage than conventional gas, and that this is the reason for the larger GHG footprint. Companies in Canada follow procedures to ensure that large amounts of methane are not vented directly to the atmosphere during well completion stages, as this would lead to hazardous working conditions and be economically and environmentally harmful. During gas production, there's no reason to believe that fugitive methane emissions from shale gas would be significantly different than from conventional gas, since they are produced in the same way.
Some form of unconventional resource, whether it be shale gas, tight gas or tight oil, can be found in just about every Canadian Province and Territory – a fact which may lead to a federal coordination role. To date, unconventional gas development has been focussed in Northern BC/Alberta, while shale oil development has been focussed on the Bakken formation in SK and MB. QC is the only jurisdiction where shale gas development is officially on hold (e.g. until the environmental review is completed), although (citizen) dissent has been growing in NB and NS.
A unique feature of Canada’s energy policy making is the constitutional division of powers between federal and provincial governments. In practice, energy is largely a provincial jurisdiction, as they carry the responsibilities of direct ownership, management and regulation of most natural resources. Of course, there are a number of areas where federal and provincial interests and responsibilities overlap. However, the primary federal role centers around: International and interprovincial issues; Uranium/nuclear power; North, offshore and Crown lands; and Works declared to be for the general benefit of Canada (e.g. science and technology).