Civil engineering deals with the built environment including buildings, bridges, roads, water and sewage systems. It aims to make infrastructure that supports modern civilization. Civil engineers work in transportation, structural engineering and environmental engineering. They ensure clean water and sanitation, while preventing pollution and tracking contaminants to their source. The role of civil engineering has expanded from designing structures to also include construction management, aerospace, automotive and other industries.

1. JOHAN RUIZ CI:16.466.323
YOEL ESPITA CI:26.514.439
CIVIL ENGINEERING
THECHER: SUHAILA
TEMPONI
ENGLISH SUBJECT

2. WHAT IS CIVIL ENGINEERING?
Civil engineering is arguably the oldest engineering discipline. It deals with the built
environment and can be dated to the first time someone placed a roof over his or her
head or laid a tree trunk across a river to make it easier to get across.
The built environment encompasses much of what defines modern civilization.
Buildings and bridges are often the first constructions that come to mind, as they are
the most conspicuous creations of structural engineering, one of civil engineering's
major sub-disciplines. Roads, railroads, subway systems, and airports are designed
by transportation engineers, another category of civil engineering. And then there are
the less visible creations of civil engineers. Every time you open a water faucet, you
expect water to come out, without thinking that civil engineers made it possible. New
York City has one of the world’s most impressive water supply systems, receiving
billions of gallons of high-quality water from the Catskills over one hundred miles
away. Similarly, not many people seem to worry about what happens to the water
after it has served its purposes.

3. The old civil engineering discipline of sanitary engineering changed into modern
environmental engineering of such significance that most academic departments
have changed their names to civil and environmental engineering.
These few examples illustrate that civil engineers do a lot more than design
buildings and bridges. They can be found in the aerospace industry, designing
jetliners and space stations; in the automotive industry, perfecting the load-carrying
capacity of a chassis and improving the crashworthiness of bumpers and doors; and
they can be found in the ship building industry, the power industry, and many other
industries wherever constructed facilities are involved. And they have to plan and
oversee the construction of these facilities as construction managers.

4. ENVIROMENTAL RESPONSIBILITIES :
One of the most important responsibilities is to prevent the release of harmful
chemical and biological contaminants into the air, water and soil, the BLS says. This
requires extensive knowledge of the chemistry and biology of the potential
contaminants as well as the industrial or agricultural processes that might lead to their
release. With this knowledge, new processes will be designing, or existing processes
will be modified, to reduce or eliminate the release of pollutants.
Another important function is detecting the presence of pollutants and tracking them
back to their source, the BLS says. In some cases, this can present a significant
challenge. For instance, the source of contamination in a lake could be anywhere
within several thousands of acres of land surrounding the lake and its tributaries.
Contamination of oceans can present even greater challenges in identifying the
source.

5. In the article ¨what is civil engineering?¨ we found the use of all English tenses
and we have represented them in different colours :
Simple present tense : The built environment encompasses much of what
defines modern civilization.
Simple past tense : The old civil engineering discipline of sanitary engineering
changed into modern environmental engineering / the BLS says.
Future simple (Will) : existing processes will be modified
We also found that the verb to have is used :
As a possessive verb : New York City has one of the world’s most impressive
water supply systems.

6. As an auxiliary: It has served its purposes.
As an obligation: they have to plan and oversee the construction of these
facilities as construction managers.
Finally we found the use of the verb to be in the line : Civil engineering is
arguably the oldest engineering discipline.
And the use of the future progressive in the line : new processes will be
designing.