According to WebMD, Pain is a long-lasting problem for people who have sickle cell disease. Bouts of severe pain can last for hours to days and are difficult to treat. Pain can be exhausting for caregivers as well as for the person in pain
According to WebMD, Pain is a long-lasting problem for people who have sickle cell disease. Bouts of severe pain can last for hours to days and are difficult to treat. Pain can be exhausting for caregivers as well as for the person in pain
Nursing Process – SAMPLE Nursing DiagnosisNANDA (North American .docxkendalfarrier
Nursing Process – SAMPLE Nursing Diagnosis
NANDA (North American Nursing Diagnosis)
Chronic Painrelated to unknown etiology
as evidenced by self-reports of pain “I feel pain when sitting or lying down mostly at night” using a standardized pain scale, 4/10 on a 0 to 10 numeric rating scale. The patient reports an altered sleep-wake cycle.
Patient Goal/Outcome
Interventions
Rationale for Interventions
Evaluation of Each Goal/Intervention
1)The Patient’s pain will reduce and her sleep will promote by using nonpharmacological methods such as supplements or enhance pharmacological interventions within the next three months.
1a) RN will in addition to administering analgesics, support the client's use of nonpharmacological methods to help
control pain, such as distraction, imagery, relaxation, and application of heat and cold.
1b) RN will ask the client to describe prior experiences with pain, effectiveness of pain management interventions,
responses to analgesic medications (including occurrence of side effects), and concerns about pain and
its treatment (e.g., fear about addiction, worries, anxiety) and informational needs.
1a) Evidence
suggested efficacy and satisfaction when complementary therapies are integrated into pain treatment plans of
older adults (Bruckenthal, 2016 as cited in Ackley et al., 2022, p. 723).
1b) Sleep disturbance and decreased physical activity are adverse
effects of people with chronic pain. In a study of clients with chronic pain, those who participated in a 4 week
multiprofessional program that included psychoeducation and training related to pain, sleep, exercise, and
activity training had improvement in sleep quality and pain intensity (de la Vega, 2019, as cited in Ackley et al., 2022, p. 721).
1a) Goal partially met. Patient’s pain decreased to level 2/10, with relaxation therapy such as meditation and usage of heat pads.
1b) Goal met. Patients starts to drink Valerian root tea and states “It reduced the amount of time takes me to fall asleep and helped me sleep better.”
Health history assignment part 1
Section 1: Biographic Data
N.V is a 46-year-old married Iranian woman, who currently is a full-time financial manager at BMW company. She speaks fluent English and does not require an interpreter.
Section 2: Source of History
The patient provides the information herself. The patient seems reliable, as she is alert and oriented.
Section 3: Reason for Seeking Care
The patient states, “I am really exhausted and want to get rid of my leg pain. I have severe pain in my thighs and legs and it started six years ago.”
Section 4: History of Present Illness (HPI)
The patient’s thigh and leg pain began six years prior to the interview. Her pain started following the birth of her second child. The patient has frequent episodes, the last being three days ago. It has never been resolved. It is specially located in the thighs and .
Nigerian scientists have developed an animal model which demonstrates that Jobelyn ® Supplement lowered Neuronal Degeneration. The team of scientists led by Oyinbo A. Charles Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences College of Health Sciences
Mrs. Collins (not real name) was visibly worried when narrating her story to me in my office. Her marriage seven years ago was opposed by her mother-in-law on account because she hails from the South-western part of the country whereas her husband is from the other side of the Niger River.
Stroke attack has become very rampant and it has no age barrier. If it does not result into instant death, it could turn the victim into a vegetable for the rest of his life with the quality of life reduced to almost zero. In some instances, it may give some warning signals but in many other cases, no warning will be given. While browsing on the internet, I stumbled on a publication which is reproduced below
Best african traditional medicine herbal productAfritrado Medic
Nigerian scientists have developed an animal model which demonstrates that Jobelyn ® Supplement lowered Neuronal Degeneration. The team of scientists led by Oyinbo A. Charles Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences College of Health Sciences
According to WebMD, Pain is a long-lasting problem for people who have sickle cell disease. Bouts of severe pain can last for hours to days and are difficult to treat. Pain can be exhausting for caregivers as well as for the person in pain
Nursing Process – SAMPLE Nursing DiagnosisNANDA (North American .docxkendalfarrier
Nursing Process – SAMPLE Nursing Diagnosis
NANDA (North American Nursing Diagnosis)
Chronic Painrelated to unknown etiology
as evidenced by self-reports of pain “I feel pain when sitting or lying down mostly at night” using a standardized pain scale, 4/10 on a 0 to 10 numeric rating scale. The patient reports an altered sleep-wake cycle.
Patient Goal/Outcome
Interventions
Rationale for Interventions
Evaluation of Each Goal/Intervention
1)The Patient’s pain will reduce and her sleep will promote by using nonpharmacological methods such as supplements or enhance pharmacological interventions within the next three months.
1a) RN will in addition to administering analgesics, support the client's use of nonpharmacological methods to help
control pain, such as distraction, imagery, relaxation, and application of heat and cold.
1b) RN will ask the client to describe prior experiences with pain, effectiveness of pain management interventions,
responses to analgesic medications (including occurrence of side effects), and concerns about pain and
its treatment (e.g., fear about addiction, worries, anxiety) and informational needs.
1a) Evidence
suggested efficacy and satisfaction when complementary therapies are integrated into pain treatment plans of
older adults (Bruckenthal, 2016 as cited in Ackley et al., 2022, p. 723).
1b) Sleep disturbance and decreased physical activity are adverse
effects of people with chronic pain. In a study of clients with chronic pain, those who participated in a 4 week
multiprofessional program that included psychoeducation and training related to pain, sleep, exercise, and
activity training had improvement in sleep quality and pain intensity (de la Vega, 2019, as cited in Ackley et al., 2022, p. 721).
1a) Goal partially met. Patient’s pain decreased to level 2/10, with relaxation therapy such as meditation and usage of heat pads.
1b) Goal met. Patients starts to drink Valerian root tea and states “It reduced the amount of time takes me to fall asleep and helped me sleep better.”
Health history assignment part 1
Section 1: Biographic Data
N.V is a 46-year-old married Iranian woman, who currently is a full-time financial manager at BMW company. She speaks fluent English and does not require an interpreter.
Section 2: Source of History
The patient provides the information herself. The patient seems reliable, as she is alert and oriented.
Section 3: Reason for Seeking Care
The patient states, “I am really exhausted and want to get rid of my leg pain. I have severe pain in my thighs and legs and it started six years ago.”
Section 4: History of Present Illness (HPI)
The patient’s thigh and leg pain began six years prior to the interview. Her pain started following the birth of her second child. The patient has frequent episodes, the last being three days ago. It has never been resolved. It is specially located in the thighs and .
Nigerian scientists have developed an animal model which demonstrates that Jobelyn ® Supplement lowered Neuronal Degeneration. The team of scientists led by Oyinbo A. Charles Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences College of Health Sciences
Mrs. Collins (not real name) was visibly worried when narrating her story to me in my office. Her marriage seven years ago was opposed by her mother-in-law on account because she hails from the South-western part of the country whereas her husband is from the other side of the Niger River.
Stroke attack has become very rampant and it has no age barrier. If it does not result into instant death, it could turn the victim into a vegetable for the rest of his life with the quality of life reduced to almost zero. In some instances, it may give some warning signals but in many other cases, no warning will be given. While browsing on the internet, I stumbled on a publication which is reproduced below
Best african traditional medicine herbal productAfritrado Medic
Nigerian scientists have developed an animal model which demonstrates that Jobelyn ® Supplement lowered Neuronal Degeneration. The team of scientists led by Oyinbo A. Charles Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences College of Health Sciences
Nigerian scientists confirm the power of jobelynAfritrado Medic
Scientists from Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria led by Solomon Mukoro P hd. in a recent animal model in vivo study postulates that Jobelyn has the potential to treat Rheumatoid Arthritis in human.
Stroke preventable and curable medicine jobelynAfritrado Medic
Stroke attack has become very rampant and it has no age barrier. If it does not result into instant death, it could turn the victim into a vegetable for the rest of his life with the quality of life reduced to almost zero
Welcome to African Traditional Medicine Site.This website has the objective of telling the story of a herbal product that was developed from African folk medicine which had been in use for centuries by people of South Western Nigeria to treat and cure diseases of diverse origin including
Nigerian scientists have developed an animal model which demonstrates that Jobelyn ® Supplement lowered Neuronal Degeneration. The team of scientists led by Oyinbo A. Charles Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences College of Health Sciences
Stroke attack has become very rampant and it has no age barrier. If it does not result into instant death, it could turn the victim into a vegetable for the rest of his life with the quality of life reduced to almost zero. In some instances, it may give some warning signals but in many other cases, no warning will be given.
Welcome to African Traditional Medicine Site.This website has the objective of telling the story of a herbal product that was developed from African folk medicine which had been in use for centuries by people of South Western Nigeria to treat and cure diseases of diverse origin including
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdfJim Jacob Roy
Cardiac conduction defects can occur due to various causes.
Atrioventricular conduction blocks ( AV blocks ) are classified into 3 types.
This document describes the acute management of AV block.
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
Follow us on: Pinterest
Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
Anti ulcer drugs and their Advance pharmacology ||
Anti-ulcer drugs are medications used to prevent and treat ulcers in the stomach and upper part of the small intestine (duodenal ulcers). These ulcers are often caused by an imbalance between stomach acid and the mucosal lining, which protects the stomach lining.
||Scope: Overview of various classes of anti-ulcer drugs, their mechanisms of action, indications, side effects, and clinical considerations.
Nigerian scientists confirm the power of jobelynAfritrado Medic
Scientists from Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria led by Solomon Mukoro P hd. in a recent animal model in vivo study postulates that Jobelyn has the potential to treat Rheumatoid Arthritis in human.
Stroke preventable and curable medicine jobelynAfritrado Medic
Stroke attack has become very rampant and it has no age barrier. If it does not result into instant death, it could turn the victim into a vegetable for the rest of his life with the quality of life reduced to almost zero
Welcome to African Traditional Medicine Site.This website has the objective of telling the story of a herbal product that was developed from African folk medicine which had been in use for centuries by people of South Western Nigeria to treat and cure diseases of diverse origin including
Nigerian scientists have developed an animal model which demonstrates that Jobelyn ® Supplement lowered Neuronal Degeneration. The team of scientists led by Oyinbo A. Charles Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences College of Health Sciences
Stroke attack has become very rampant and it has no age barrier. If it does not result into instant death, it could turn the victim into a vegetable for the rest of his life with the quality of life reduced to almost zero. In some instances, it may give some warning signals but in many other cases, no warning will be given.
Welcome to African Traditional Medicine Site.This website has the objective of telling the story of a herbal product that was developed from African folk medicine which had been in use for centuries by people of South Western Nigeria to treat and cure diseases of diverse origin including
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdfJim Jacob Roy
Cardiac conduction defects can occur due to various causes.
Atrioventricular conduction blocks ( AV blocks ) are classified into 3 types.
This document describes the acute management of AV block.
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
Follow us on: Pinterest
Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
Anti ulcer drugs and their Advance pharmacology ||
Anti-ulcer drugs are medications used to prevent and treat ulcers in the stomach and upper part of the small intestine (duodenal ulcers). These ulcers are often caused by an imbalance between stomach acid and the mucosal lining, which protects the stomach lining.
||Scope: Overview of various classes of anti-ulcer drugs, their mechanisms of action, indications, side effects, and clinical considerations.
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
2. According to WebMD, Pain is a long-lasting problem
for people who have sickle cell disease. Bouts of severe
pain can last for hours to days and are difficult to treat.
Pain can be exhausting for caregivers as well as for the
person in pain. Painful events can become severe and
last for days to weeks. Such extreme pain requires
aggressive pain medicine that must be monitored in the
hospital. Pain medicine have dangerous side effects and
they only provide temporary relief.
3.
4.
5.
6. The normal dosage for Sickle Cell
sufferers is 2 capsules twice a day.
Such a dosage has been discovered to
be incapable of tackling the problems
of acute and chronic pains. One of our
customers on amazon website shared
her experience on how she used
Jobelyn to stop the pains that
had defied all drugs. The email
correspondence with this customer is
reproduced below:
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12. This customer through experimentation
discovered that the use of 4 capsules, 3
times daily was what was needed to
solve the problem of pain that had been
tormenting her child for a very long
time.