An information about learning ICT in every establishments and for students those who are taking educational courses. To apply the learnings between ICT not only for themselves but also for teachers.

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MODULE NO. 2:
COMPUTERS IN OUR DAILY LIFE
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3. INTRODUCTION:
THE ADVENT OF TECHNOLOGY SPESIFICALLY THE DEVELOPMENT OF INFORM
ATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY HAS CHANGED THE LIVES OF PEOP
LE. COMPUTERS, FOR EXAMPLE, PERMEATE EVERYDAY LIFE AS THEY ARE USE
D IN VARIOUS FIELDS- IN SCHOOLS, MALLS AND HOSPITALS, AMONG OTHERS.
WITH THIS, LEARNERS ARE ABLE TO DISCOVER HOW COMPUTER WORKS AND
ASSESS THE IMPACT OF COMPUTER IN OUR DAILY LIVES.

4. TOPIC 1:
HOW COMPUTERS WORK?

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- THE BASIC PART OF A
COMPUTER ARE THE CPU,
MEMORY, A KEYBOARD OR
OTHER INPUT DEVICE, AND A
SCREEN OR OTHER OUTPUT
DEVICE.
- A COMPUTER DOES NOT
HAVE A HUMAN BRAIN INSIDE
BUT ACTS IN MANY WAYS AS
THOUGH IT DOES HAVE A
REAL ONE.
- WHILE PEOPLE UNDERSTAND HUMAN
LANGUAGE, THE COMPUTER CAN
UNDERSTAND MACHINE LANGUAGE.
- WHEN THE PERSON TYPES ON THE
COMPUTER’S KEYBOARD, THE HUMAN
BRAIN IDENTIFIES THE LETTERS,
NUMERS AND CHRACTERS COMBINED
TO CREATE WORDS AND SENTENCES.
- BUT THE COMPUTER IS DOES NOT
RECOGNIZE LETTERS AS LETTERS OF
THE ALPHABET; IT SEES THE LETTERS
AS A SERIES OF 0’S AND 1’S CALLED
THE BINARY.

7. COMPUTER NUMBER SYSTEM
- HUMANS USE THE DECIMAL NUMER SYSTEM – TO COUNT, MEASURE, AND COMPUTE. THE DECIMAL
NUMBER SYSTEM HAS TEN DIGITS, SUCH AS 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8, AND 9.
- A COMPUTER, ON THE OTHER HAND, CAN ONL UNDERSTAND TWO DIGITS- A 0 AND A 1.
- THESE TWO NUMBERS PLAY AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN THE WAY COMPUTERS COMMUNICATE WITH
ONE ANOTHER. THIS TYPE OF NUMBER SYSTEM IS CALLED THE BINARY NUMBER SYSTEM, WITH
THE PREFIX BI, WHICH MEANS 2.

8. COMPUTER NUMBER SYSTEM

9. OTHER TYPES OF NUMBER SYSTEMS:
FROM THE
PREFIX OCTA,
MEANING IT
USES 8 DIGITS
OCTAL NUMER
SYSTEM
.HEXA MEANS 6;
DECI MEANS 10;
MEANING IT
USES 16 DIGITS
TO REPRESENT
ITS VALUES.
HEXADECIMAL
NUMBER
SYSTEM
.
HOWEVER, THESE ESPECIAL NUMBER
SYSTEMS ARE MERELY A WAY TO
BRIDGE THE COMPUTER’S BINARY
LANGUAGE TO A SOMEWHAT
UNDERSTANDABLE HUMAN (DECIMAL)
LANGUAGE SINCE COMPUTER DATA
CAN BE COMPLICATED.

10. TOPIC 2:
HOW COMPUTERS
INTERPRET DATA?
-IT IS IMPORTANT TO
UNDERSTAND HOW
COMPUTERS INTERPRET
THE LETTERS ON THE
KEYBOARD THROUGH A
SERIES OF 0’S AND 1’S.
- THIS NORMALLY DONE
THROUGH THE NUMBER
SYSTEM CONVERSION.
DEPENDIGN ON THE
STANDARD USED,
COMPUTER SYSTEM
CONVERT CHARACTRES
FROM THE KEYBOARD AND
LATER DISPLAY THEM ON
THE MONITOR.

11. THE FOLLOWING STEPS:
4th
3rd
2nd
1ST
From the keyboard,
pressure pad are
typically found
underneath each key.
Upon typing a letter,
the pressure pad
sends information to
the CPU for
processing.
The
information
is then
transmitted
in the form of
0’s and 1’s
using the
ASCII code.
The CPU
determines what
character has been
typed and sends the
information to the
computer monitor,
Gin in 0’s and 1’s.
The monitor
displays the
information in its
equivalent character,
this time readable
and understandable
by humans.

12. 4 BASIC COMPUTER FUNCTIONS

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THEUSER ENTERS THE
DATA AS RAW FACTS,
THE COMPUTER THEN
ACCEPTS THE DATA
INPUT.
INPUT
THE BRAIN OF THE
COMPUTER
INTERPRETS ALL DATA
AND PROCESSES INTO
INFORMATION
MEANINGFUL.
PROCESS
THE COMPUTER
PRODUCES THE
INFORMATION VIA
OUTPUT.
OUTPUT
ALL RESULTS
ARE NOW
STORED.
STORAGE

14. - COMPUTER PROGRAMMERS CREATE PROGRAMS SO THAT COMPUTERS CAN DO SPECIFIC TASKS.
- PEOPLE WHO WRITE PROGRAMS ARE PROGRAMMERS. DEPENDING ON THE SKILLS SET OF THE P
ROGRAMMER, A PROGRAM CAN BE DEVELOPED BASED ON THE PRGRAMMING LANGUAGE THE PR
OGRAMMER IS FAMILIAR WITH.
- ANOTHER TERM USED FOR PROGRAM IS CODE.
- WRITING PROGRAMS IS CALLED PROGRAMMING OR CODING.

15. TOPIC 3: HOW COMPUTERS
COMMUNICATE WITH ONE
ANOTHER.

16. Notice how the computer uses
different ways to connect to
certain devices. The computer
monitor uses a wire to connect
to the computer unit while the
mouse wirelessly connects to
the laptop, etc. depending on
the situation, computers use
different connection methods to
do their tasks.

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Transfer data to and from the
memory of a computer, or into
or out of the CPU.
DATA BUS
Is a pathway composed of
cables and connectors used to
carry data from a computer’s
peripheral devices-monitor,
keyboard, mouse, etc.- to the
CPU and the main memory.
There are three types of buses:
DATA BUS, ADDRESS BUS,
AND CONTROL BUS.
SYSTEM BUS
Used by the CPU to specify a
physical address for
instructions, files and other
devices within computer
system.
ADDRESS BUS
Used the CPU’s to
communicate with other
devices within the computer
system. CPU sends a halt
instruction via the control bus,
stopping the data to be sent
through the data bus, often
seen as an error message.
CONTROL BUS

18. TOPIC 4:
HOW COMPUTERS CONNECT TO OTHER COMPUTERS?
Earlier, computer peripherals suing wired or
wireless connections are mentioned. It also similar
when a computer wants to connect to another
computer- with or without wires.
COMPUTER NETWORK SYSTEM
- Is an interconnection of two or more computers.
This interconnection gives these computers the
capability to share information and resources.

19. Below are some of the computer network systems:
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1. Personal Area Network
- Type of connection which is
often limited to an individual
person and his or her personal
devices. Normally, these devices
must be within the range of 10
meters with each other.

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2. Local Area Network
- Is a connection in which a group of computers and other devices, such as network printers, share a common
communication line within a certain area such as a building or a small campus. See illustration below.

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3. Wide Area Network
- Made up of several more WAN’s, LAN’s, and PAN’s. it
is considered synonymous to the internet. See illustration
below.

22. METHODS OF COMMUNICATION
30%
CONNECTIONS ARE OFTEN
CATEGORIZED GENERALLY IN TWO-
WIRED COMMUNICATION AND
WIRELESS CONNECTION.

23. 1. WIRED COMMUNICATION
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24. DIFFERENT TYPES OF CABLES ARE USED TO CONNECT TO A GIVEN NETWORK. THERE ARE COAXIAL C
ABLES, FIBER-OPTIC CABLES, ETHERNET CABLES AND TRADITIONAL TELEPHONES LINES.
 USB- communicate with system peripheral such as keyboard, mouse, printer, etc.

25.  FIREWIRE- transmit data to and from devices which have typical high data rates.
 ETHERNET CABLE- transmit signals between a computer and network devices.

26.  HDMI- transmit audio/video data.

27. Used for microphone and
speaker.
AUDIO JACKS
Used for connection to
modem, printer, mouse
and other peripheral
devices.
SERIAL
15-pin video graphic
array connector has been
provided on many video
cards, monitor computers,
laptop computers and
projectors.
VGA
Used to connect the
mouse and keyboard to a
computer.
PS/2
Used before to connect
other computer
peripherals such as
printer.
PARALLEL
Older
computer
unit’s
connectors

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