Single inheritance in Java allows a subclass to inherit properties and behaviors from one parent class, promoting code reusability and establishing a clear class hierarchy. While it simplifies the class structure and enhances maintainability, it also imposes limitations by restricting subclasses to a single superclass. Understanding single inheritance is crucial for effectively utilizing Java's object-oriented programming features.

1. Sub:- JAVA PROGRAMMING
Guided By :-
Prof. Satyanarayan Sahu
Ujjwal Kumar (230101120300)
Chetna Sharma (230101120299)
Kamendra Kumar (230101120302)
Sonu Kumar (230101120298)

2. Introduction to Single Inheritance
 Single inheritance is a fundamental concept
in object-oriented programming.
 It allows a class to inherit properties and
behaviors from one parent class.
 This promotes code reusability and
establishes a clear hierarchy within the
classes.

3. Key Concepts
 In single inheritance, a subclass derives
from one superclass only.
 The subclass can access public and
protected members of the superclass.
 This relationship can be visualized as a tree,
where each class has one direct parent.

4. Syntax of Single Inheritance
 A subclass is defined using the `extends`
keyword in Java.
 The superclass can provide its methods and
fields to the subclass.
Example: `class SubClass extends SuperClass
{ }` illustrates this concept.

5. Advantages of Single Inheritance
 It simplifies the class structure by
eliminating multiple parent classes.
 There is less complexity in method
resolution, making code easier to
understand.
 Code reusability is enhanced, reducing
redundancy and improving maintainability.

6. Limitations of Single Inheritance
 Single inheritance can lead to limitations in
class functionality.
 It restricts the subclass to inherit from only
one superclass.
 This can be somewhat limiting in scenarios
where multiple behaviors are needed.

7. Example of Single Inheritance
 Consider a superclass called `Animal` with
a method `makeSound()`.
 A subclass called `Dog` can inherit this
method from `Animal`.
This allows `Dog` to utilize the `makeSound()`
method without redefining it.

8. Overriding Methods in Single Inheritance
 Subclasses can override methods from their
superclass to provide specific functionality.
 This is done by defining a method in the
subclass with the same signature.
 The ‘@Override’ annotation is commonly
used to indicate method overriding.

9. Access Modifiers in Single Inheritance
 The access modifier of superclass members
affects their visibility in subclasses.
 Public members are accessible from
anywhere, while protected members are
limited to the package and subclasses.
 Private members are not accessible in
subclasses, ensuring encapsulation.

10. Real-World Examples
 In a banking application, a `Account`
superclass can define common features.
 Subclasses like `SavingsAccount` and
`CurrentAccount` can inherit from
`Account`.
 This models real-world relationships and
allows specific implementations for each
account type.

11. Conclusion
 Single inheritance is a powerful tool in Java
for building organized and maintainable
systems.
 It promotes a clean hierarchy and code reuse
but comes with certain limitations.
 Understanding single inheritance is essential
for mastering Java's object-oriented features.