■ With the advent of multi-core processors the usage of single threaded programs is soon becoming obsolete. Java was built to be able to do many things at once. In computer lingo, we call this "concurrency". This is the main reason why Java is so useful. Today we see a lot of our applications running on multiple cores, concurrent java programs with multiple threads is the answer for effective performance and stability on multi-core based applications. Concurrency is among the utmost worries for newcomers to Java programming but there's no reason to let it deter you. Not only is excellent documentation available but also pictorial representations of each topic to make understanding much graceful and enhanced. Java threads have become easier to work with as the Java platform has evolved. In order to learn how to do multithreaded programming in Java , you need some building blocks. Our training expert with his rich training and consulting experience illustrates with real application based case studies.
A set of slides on the basics of concurrency touching upon Java's support for multi-threaded programming, do's and dont's, common approaches to developing concurrent applications and evolution of APIs in Java that support effective multi-threaded programming
This document provides an overview of new features in Java 8, including lambda expressions, modularity with the Java Platform Module System, and performance enhancements with parallel array sorting and concurrency updates. It discusses the motivation and design of modularity in Java 8, how to compile and install modules, and differences from OSGi. Lambda expressions add support for operating on blocks of Java code. The presentation encourages attending to documentation, downloading SDKs, testing code, and providing feedback on the Java Technology Community site.
This document discusses Java concurrency and the Java memory model. It begins with an agenda that covers the Java memory model, thread confinement, the Java atomic API, immutable objects, and memory consumption. It then goes into more detail on the Java memory model, discussing topics like ordering, visibility, and atomicity. It provides examples and references to help understand concepts like sequential consistency and data races. It also covers thread confinement techniques like ad hoc confinement, stack confinement, and using ThreadLocal.
This document provides an overview of Java programming and security. It discusses Java concepts like object-oriented programming, exception handling, applets, servlets, JSP, JDBC, and security. It describes how Java supports OOP concepts like classes, objects, inheritance, polymorphism, abstraction and encapsulation. It also explains exception handling, the lifecycles of applets and servlets, and how to connect to databases using JDBC. Finally, it discusses Java security features like static typing, access modifiers, memory management, bytecode verification, and cryptography.
The document discusses modern Java concurrency and provides examples of how to write concurrent code safely and take advantage of modern hardware. It introduces key concepts like the java.util.concurrent package, locks, conditions, concurrent data structures, executors and fork/join. Examples are provided for using constructs like CountDownLatch, LinkedBlockingQueue, thread pools and fork/join tasks. The overall message is that modern Java concurrency allows safer and faster concurrent programming compared to traditional approaches.
Communication between Microservices is inherently unreliable. These integration points may produce cascading failures, slow responses, service outages. We will walk through stability patterns like timeouts, circuit breaker, bulkheads and discuss how they improve stability of Microservices.
About a wide range of spectrum of Data Consistency models.
Created thanks to a lot of smart and generous people that shared their knowledge and insights into the subject. Thanks to you all !
Hope this can help you scratch the surface of the subject of consistency models too.
The document provides information about multithreading and asynchronous programming. It defines multithreading as allowing multiple threads of execution to exist concurrently in a CPU. It describes differences between processes and threads, with threads being lighter weight and able to access each other's data. The document also discusses challenges of multithreading like race conditions and deadlocks, and how to address them through techniques like mutexes and condition variables. It covers asynchronous programming using workers and promises to improve responsiveness compared to blocking approaches.
A set of slides on the basics of concurrency touching upon Java's support for multi-threaded programming, do's and dont's, common approaches to developing concurrent applications and evolution of APIs in Java that support effective multi-threaded programming
This document provides an overview of new features in Java 8, including lambda expressions, modularity with the Java Platform Module System, and performance enhancements with parallel array sorting and concurrency updates. It discusses the motivation and design of modularity in Java 8, how to compile and install modules, and differences from OSGi. Lambda expressions add support for operating on blocks of Java code. The presentation encourages attending to documentation, downloading SDKs, testing code, and providing feedback on the Java Technology Community site.
This document discusses Java concurrency and the Java memory model. It begins with an agenda that covers the Java memory model, thread confinement, the Java atomic API, immutable objects, and memory consumption. It then goes into more detail on the Java memory model, discussing topics like ordering, visibility, and atomicity. It provides examples and references to help understand concepts like sequential consistency and data races. It also covers thread confinement techniques like ad hoc confinement, stack confinement, and using ThreadLocal.
This document provides an overview of Java programming and security. It discusses Java concepts like object-oriented programming, exception handling, applets, servlets, JSP, JDBC, and security. It describes how Java supports OOP concepts like classes, objects, inheritance, polymorphism, abstraction and encapsulation. It also explains exception handling, the lifecycles of applets and servlets, and how to connect to databases using JDBC. Finally, it discusses Java security features like static typing, access modifiers, memory management, bytecode verification, and cryptography.
The document discusses modern Java concurrency and provides examples of how to write concurrent code safely and take advantage of modern hardware. It introduces key concepts like the java.util.concurrent package, locks, conditions, concurrent data structures, executors and fork/join. Examples are provided for using constructs like CountDownLatch, LinkedBlockingQueue, thread pools and fork/join tasks. The overall message is that modern Java concurrency allows safer and faster concurrent programming compared to traditional approaches.
Communication between Microservices is inherently unreliable. These integration points may produce cascading failures, slow responses, service outages. We will walk through stability patterns like timeouts, circuit breaker, bulkheads and discuss how they improve stability of Microservices.
About a wide range of spectrum of Data Consistency models.
Created thanks to a lot of smart and generous people that shared their knowledge and insights into the subject. Thanks to you all !
Hope this can help you scratch the surface of the subject of consistency models too.
The document provides information about multithreading and asynchronous programming. It defines multithreading as allowing multiple threads of execution to exist concurrently in a CPU. It describes differences between processes and threads, with threads being lighter weight and able to access each other's data. The document also discusses challenges of multithreading like race conditions and deadlocks, and how to address them through techniques like mutexes and condition variables. It covers asynchronous programming using workers and promises to improve responsiveness compared to blocking approaches.
This 4-day training course covers JVM and Java performance tuning. The course will cover topics such as garbage collection, JVM architecture, monitoring and profiling tools, class loading, and Java NIO. It is intended for Java developers and consultants interested in performance testing and optimization. Participants should have experience with Java and distributed technologies. The training will include lectures, illustrations of concepts, and a case study to integrate the lessons.
This document provides information about Revanth Online Training and their Core Java, Advanced Java, and J2EE online training courses. The Core Java course is 30 hours and covers topics like OOPs, strings, packages, exceptions, multithreading, I/O streams, generics and collections. The Advanced Java course also lasts 30 hours and covers JDBC, servlets, JSP, servers and databases. The 45-hour J2EE course covers topics like RMI, EJB, JNDI, JMS, and more. It provides the course content and duration for each topic.
Revanth Technologies which is a high profiled Java and J2EE online training institute in India offers online training with real time experts and with real time concepts.
DrupalSouth 2015 - Performance: Not an AfterthoughtNick Santamaria
Nick Santamaria's performance and scalability presentation from DrupalSouth 2015.
https://melbourne2015.drupal.org.au/session/performance-not-afterthought
Revanth Technologies provides best Java online training with real time experts. We provide Java online training with real time scenarios. We provide online training for individual and as well as group trainings as well.
Please call to 9290971883, 9247461324 or drop a mail to revanthonlinetraining@gmail.com
TOPS Technologies offer Professional Java Training in Ahmedabad. Most experienced IT Training Institute in Ahmedabad known for providing java training course as per Industry Standards and Requirement. By TOPS Technologies. http://www.tops-int.com
Node.js is an introduction to the Node.js platform for developing server-side JavaScript applications. It discusses Node.js background and architecture, JavaScript basics, installing Node.js and setting up a development environment. It then demonstrates building a simple web application using Express and connecting it to MongoDB. The document provides an overview of Node.js advantages like asynchronous non-blocking I/O and event-driven model that make it well-suited for real-time applications and APIs.
The document describes a 2-day Java training workshop in Ahmedabad, India. The workshop will cover fundamental Java topics as well as advanced concepts like J2EE, databases, and frameworks. Attendees will learn how to develop applications through lectures, demonstrations, and hands-on projects. The training is aimed at students and professionals looking to gain skills in Java programming and application development.
Java is a programming language created in the early 1990s by James Gosling at Sun Microsystems. It was initially called Oak but later renamed to Java. The Java platform includes a runtime environment called the Java Virtual Machine (JVM) that executes Java bytecode. Java allows programs to run on any device with a JVM, making it platform independent. Key features of Java include being object-oriented, robust, secure, portable, high performance, and multi-threaded. These features along with automatic memory management make Java very useful for developing applications across devices and platforms.
The document provides an agenda and introduction for a Java training over multiple days. Day 1 will cover an introduction to Java including its history, features, programming paradigm, sample program execution, JVM, data types, objects, classes, variables, and flow control statements. The training will cover key Java concepts like objects, classes, variables, different loops and conditional statements. Assignments are provided to practice the concepts covered.
AngularJS - Architecture decisionsin a large project Elad Hirsch
This document discusses architecture decisions for a large JavaScript project. It covers the project's technology stack including using Bower for frontend artifacts, ES6 classes for cleaner code, and RequireJS for asynchronous module loading. It also discusses design principles like separation of concerns, testing as a baseline, and enabling easier reusability of components. Specific Angular directives design topics are covered such as making directives singletons, handling state with $scope, and the compile and link functions.
The document discusses parallel and distributed computing concepts in Aneka including multiprocessing, multithreading, task-based programming, and parameter sweep applications. It describes key aspects of implementing parallel applications in Aneka such as defining tasks, managing task execution, file handling, and tools for developing parameter sweep jobs. The document also provides an overview of how workflow managers can interface with Aneka.
@MarketaAdamova Slides from 'Road Trip To Component' talk (Dutch Clojure Days 2017)
'Few months ago our company NomNom decided to move all its backend services from Ruby to Clojure. And I think a road trip is best comparison for this migration. There was excitement at start, then panic a few hours down the road wondering what was left behind, but now a constant joy of discovering new things. In this talk I’d like to share how we eventually arrived at Stuart Sierra’s Component. Let’s take a look at how components improved our quickly growing codebase and testing, as well as some of the trade-offs we had to make. Finally I’ll show how components can help with managing running code in production.'
1. CQRS is an architectural pattern that separates commands and queries based on the Command Query Responsibility Segregation (CQRS) principle.
2. MediatR is a .NET library that implements the mediator pattern to support request/response and publish/subscribe interactions using CQRS. It allows defining commands, handlers, and processing asynchronously or synchronously in a simple way.
3. Brighter is another .NET library that supports CQRS with additional features like command dispatching, processing pipelines, and quality of service policies for timeout, retry, and circuit breaking patterns. It requires more manual configuration than MediatR.
Aim of this presentation is not to make you masters in Java 8 Concurrency, but to help you guide towards that goal. Sometimes it helps just to know that there is some API that might be suitable for a particular situation. Make use of the pointers given to search more and learn more on those topics. Refer to books, Java API Documentation, Blogs etc. to learn more. Examples and demos for all cases discussed will be added to my blog www.javajee.com.
Nine Neins - where Java EE will never take youMarkus Eisele
Virtual JUG Session: http://www.meetup.com/virtualJUG/events/232052100/
With Microservices taking the software industry by storm, classical Enterprises are forced to re-think what they’ve been doing for almost a decade. It’s not the first time, that technology shocked the well-oiled machine to it’s core. We’ve seen software design paradigms changing over time and also project management methodologies evolving. Old hands might see this as another wave that will gently find it’s way to the shore of daily business. But this time it looks like the influence is bigger than anything we’ve seen before. And the interesting part is, that microservices aren’t new from the core. Talking about compartmentalization and introducing modules belongs to the core skills of architects. Our industry also learned about how to couple services and build them around organizational capabilities.
The really new part in microservices based architectures is the way how truly independent services are distributed and connected back together. Building an individual service is easy with all technologies. Building a system out of many is the real challenge because it introduces us to the problem space of distributed systems. And the difference to classical, centralized infrastructures couldn’t be bigger. There are very little concepts from the old world which still fit into a modern architecture.
And there are more differences between Java EE and distributed and reactive systems. For example, APIs are inherently synchronous, so most Java EE app servers have to scale by adding thread pools as so many things are blocking on I/O (remote JDBC calls, JTA calls, JNDI look ups, even JMS has a lot of synchronous parts). As we know adding thread pools doesn't get you too far in terms of scalability.
This talk is going to explore the nine most important differences between classical middleware and distributed, reactive microservices architectures and explains in which cases the distributed approach takes you, where Java EE never would.
Oracle Fuson Middleware Diagnostics, Performance and TroubleshootMichel Schildmeijer
Improvement and new insights on getting the best of operational performance of an Oracle Fusion Middleware platform. At customers, usually their technology stack is build on various components of Oracle, such as databases, WebLogic, Oracle Service Bus, SOA and BPM, ADF, WebCenter and so on. This can be a very complicated stack and out of the box parameters are not enough to give an overall good performance and low error rates. This presentation tells you the ins and outs on every layer regarding performance and diagnose methods and tools.
This document provides an overview of using Node.js for backend integration. It discusses how Node.js uses a single thread model with asynchronous and non-blocking I/O to provide high performance. Common Node.js frameworks like Express and Hapi are presented. The document also covers integrating Node.js with databases like Oracle NoSQL and MongoDB using modules like node-oracledb and mongoose. It provides examples of calling PL/SQL functions and using connection pooling with Node.js and Oracle Database. Finally, it introduces Application Container Cloud as providing capabilities beyond what Node.js alone offers like high availability, management, and support.
All the fundamental concepts and tools for understanding performance tuning in Java. Garbage collection, memory management and collector types and tools for profiling Java applications.
The only certainty in JavaScript is change. There is a new, cool framework popping up seemingly every week. jQuery, Knockout, AngularJS: all were once the darlings of the web, now relegated to the scrapheap of legacy. One day you will abandon your current favourite framework too, as it slowly falls out of fashion. How then do you choose an appropriate JavaScript framework? How do you make sure that the next framework is the one? Better still, how can you work with your favourite framework today, while still working within your legacy application?
What if you don’t have to choose the right framework? What if legacy never got in your way? Join me as I show you how you can take lessons from MicroServices and use them to let you work with new, exciting frameworks even in applications based on older, legacy, technology (no microservices required)
Code: https://github.com/WilliamBZA/Microfrontends-demo/
Other code: https://github.com/WilliamBZA/microfrontends-cruises
Scrum Foundation Training by Anika TechnologiesAnand Narayanan
The Scrum Foundation workshop offers a combination of instruction and team based exercises that
offer an experience of how the Scrum framework works and help in improving product development
efforts.
The participants gain practical knowledge needed to work with everyday Scrum and meet the
eligibility criteria needed to appear as a globally recognised professional Scrum Master. This helps in
gaining a deeper understanding of Scrum mechanics, understand team collaboration, learn
self-organisation and use them in reduction of project complexity. Focuses on people, understanding
patterns and anti patterns, identifying the right people and help them work well. Produce valuable
insights in practicing and sustaining effective agile practices. Scrum elevates teams to next level of
effectiveness and maturity.
Agile Essentials Training by Anika TechnologiesAnand Narayanan
The one-day Agile Essentials training introduces participants to the core values, principles and practices of Agile software development. The training will help participants understand Agile and gain skills to adapt Agile methods in their projects, delivering work incrementally and iteratively for better quality and faster results. The agenda covers the history and methods of Agile, its benefits, values and principles, differences from traditional approaches, and hands-on practices like planning, collaboration and feedback. Attendees will receive a certificate of participation upon completing the workshop.
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This 4-day training course covers JVM and Java performance tuning. The course will cover topics such as garbage collection, JVM architecture, monitoring and profiling tools, class loading, and Java NIO. It is intended for Java developers and consultants interested in performance testing and optimization. Participants should have experience with Java and distributed technologies. The training will include lectures, illustrations of concepts, and a case study to integrate the lessons.
This document provides information about Revanth Online Training and their Core Java, Advanced Java, and J2EE online training courses. The Core Java course is 30 hours and covers topics like OOPs, strings, packages, exceptions, multithreading, I/O streams, generics and collections. The Advanced Java course also lasts 30 hours and covers JDBC, servlets, JSP, servers and databases. The 45-hour J2EE course covers topics like RMI, EJB, JNDI, JMS, and more. It provides the course content and duration for each topic.
Revanth Technologies which is a high profiled Java and J2EE online training institute in India offers online training with real time experts and with real time concepts.
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Nick Santamaria's performance and scalability presentation from DrupalSouth 2015.
https://melbourne2015.drupal.org.au/session/performance-not-afterthought
Revanth Technologies provides best Java online training with real time experts. We provide Java online training with real time scenarios. We provide online training for individual and as well as group trainings as well.
Please call to 9290971883, 9247461324 or drop a mail to revanthonlinetraining@gmail.com
TOPS Technologies offer Professional Java Training in Ahmedabad. Most experienced IT Training Institute in Ahmedabad known for providing java training course as per Industry Standards and Requirement. By TOPS Technologies. http://www.tops-int.com
Node.js is an introduction to the Node.js platform for developing server-side JavaScript applications. It discusses Node.js background and architecture, JavaScript basics, installing Node.js and setting up a development environment. It then demonstrates building a simple web application using Express and connecting it to MongoDB. The document provides an overview of Node.js advantages like asynchronous non-blocking I/O and event-driven model that make it well-suited for real-time applications and APIs.
The document describes a 2-day Java training workshop in Ahmedabad, India. The workshop will cover fundamental Java topics as well as advanced concepts like J2EE, databases, and frameworks. Attendees will learn how to develop applications through lectures, demonstrations, and hands-on projects. The training is aimed at students and professionals looking to gain skills in Java programming and application development.
Java is a programming language created in the early 1990s by James Gosling at Sun Microsystems. It was initially called Oak but later renamed to Java. The Java platform includes a runtime environment called the Java Virtual Machine (JVM) that executes Java bytecode. Java allows programs to run on any device with a JVM, making it platform independent. Key features of Java include being object-oriented, robust, secure, portable, high performance, and multi-threaded. These features along with automatic memory management make Java very useful for developing applications across devices and platforms.
The document provides an agenda and introduction for a Java training over multiple days. Day 1 will cover an introduction to Java including its history, features, programming paradigm, sample program execution, JVM, data types, objects, classes, variables, and flow control statements. The training will cover key Java concepts like objects, classes, variables, different loops and conditional statements. Assignments are provided to practice the concepts covered.
AngularJS - Architecture decisionsin a large project Elad Hirsch
This document discusses architecture decisions for a large JavaScript project. It covers the project's technology stack including using Bower for frontend artifacts, ES6 classes for cleaner code, and RequireJS for asynchronous module loading. It also discusses design principles like separation of concerns, testing as a baseline, and enabling easier reusability of components. Specific Angular directives design topics are covered such as making directives singletons, handling state with $scope, and the compile and link functions.
The document discusses parallel and distributed computing concepts in Aneka including multiprocessing, multithreading, task-based programming, and parameter sweep applications. It describes key aspects of implementing parallel applications in Aneka such as defining tasks, managing task execution, file handling, and tools for developing parameter sweep jobs. The document also provides an overview of how workflow managers can interface with Aneka.
@MarketaAdamova Slides from 'Road Trip To Component' talk (Dutch Clojure Days 2017)
'Few months ago our company NomNom decided to move all its backend services from Ruby to Clojure. And I think a road trip is best comparison for this migration. There was excitement at start, then panic a few hours down the road wondering what was left behind, but now a constant joy of discovering new things. In this talk I’d like to share how we eventually arrived at Stuart Sierra’s Component. Let’s take a look at how components improved our quickly growing codebase and testing, as well as some of the trade-offs we had to make. Finally I’ll show how components can help with managing running code in production.'
1. CQRS is an architectural pattern that separates commands and queries based on the Command Query Responsibility Segregation (CQRS) principle.
2. MediatR is a .NET library that implements the mediator pattern to support request/response and publish/subscribe interactions using CQRS. It allows defining commands, handlers, and processing asynchronously or synchronously in a simple way.
3. Brighter is another .NET library that supports CQRS with additional features like command dispatching, processing pipelines, and quality of service policies for timeout, retry, and circuit breaking patterns. It requires more manual configuration than MediatR.
Aim of this presentation is not to make you masters in Java 8 Concurrency, but to help you guide towards that goal. Sometimes it helps just to know that there is some API that might be suitable for a particular situation. Make use of the pointers given to search more and learn more on those topics. Refer to books, Java API Documentation, Blogs etc. to learn more. Examples and demos for all cases discussed will be added to my blog www.javajee.com.
Nine Neins - where Java EE will never take youMarkus Eisele
Virtual JUG Session: http://www.meetup.com/virtualJUG/events/232052100/
With Microservices taking the software industry by storm, classical Enterprises are forced to re-think what they’ve been doing for almost a decade. It’s not the first time, that technology shocked the well-oiled machine to it’s core. We’ve seen software design paradigms changing over time and also project management methodologies evolving. Old hands might see this as another wave that will gently find it’s way to the shore of daily business. But this time it looks like the influence is bigger than anything we’ve seen before. And the interesting part is, that microservices aren’t new from the core. Talking about compartmentalization and introducing modules belongs to the core skills of architects. Our industry also learned about how to couple services and build them around organizational capabilities.
The really new part in microservices based architectures is the way how truly independent services are distributed and connected back together. Building an individual service is easy with all technologies. Building a system out of many is the real challenge because it introduces us to the problem space of distributed systems. And the difference to classical, centralized infrastructures couldn’t be bigger. There are very little concepts from the old world which still fit into a modern architecture.
And there are more differences between Java EE and distributed and reactive systems. For example, APIs are inherently synchronous, so most Java EE app servers have to scale by adding thread pools as so many things are blocking on I/O (remote JDBC calls, JTA calls, JNDI look ups, even JMS has a lot of synchronous parts). As we know adding thread pools doesn't get you too far in terms of scalability.
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Improvement and new insights on getting the best of operational performance of an Oracle Fusion Middleware platform. At customers, usually their technology stack is build on various components of Oracle, such as databases, WebLogic, Oracle Service Bus, SOA and BPM, ADF, WebCenter and so on. This can be a very complicated stack and out of the box parameters are not enough to give an overall good performance and low error rates. This presentation tells you the ins and outs on every layer regarding performance and diagnose methods and tools.
This document provides an overview of using Node.js for backend integration. It discusses how Node.js uses a single thread model with asynchronous and non-blocking I/O to provide high performance. Common Node.js frameworks like Express and Hapi are presented. The document also covers integrating Node.js with databases like Oracle NoSQL and MongoDB using modules like node-oracledb and mongoose. It provides examples of calling PL/SQL functions and using connection pooling with Node.js and Oracle Database. Finally, it introduces Application Container Cloud as providing capabilities beyond what Node.js alone offers like high availability, management, and support.
All the fundamental concepts and tools for understanding performance tuning in Java. Garbage collection, memory management and collector types and tools for profiling Java applications.
The only certainty in JavaScript is change. There is a new, cool framework popping up seemingly every week. jQuery, Knockout, AngularJS: all were once the darlings of the web, now relegated to the scrapheap of legacy. One day you will abandon your current favourite framework too, as it slowly falls out of fashion. How then do you choose an appropriate JavaScript framework? How do you make sure that the next framework is the one? Better still, how can you work with your favourite framework today, while still working within your legacy application?
What if you don’t have to choose the right framework? What if legacy never got in your way? Join me as I show you how you can take lessons from MicroServices and use them to let you work with new, exciting frameworks even in applications based on older, legacy, technology (no microservices required)
Code: https://github.com/WilliamBZA/Microfrontends-demo/
Other code: https://github.com/WilliamBZA/microfrontends-cruises
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The participants gain practical knowledge needed to work with everyday Scrum and meet the
eligibility criteria needed to appear as a globally recognised professional Scrum Master. This helps in
gaining a deeper understanding of Scrum mechanics, understand team collaboration, learn
self-organisation and use them in reduction of project complexity. Focuses on people, understanding
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insights in practicing and sustaining effective agile practices. Scrum elevates teams to next level of
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Java Concurrency and Performance | Multi Threading | Concurrency | Java Concurrency
1. Anika Technologies
Your Transforming Partner
Java Concurrency and Performance
Training Contents
☛ Description
☛ Intended Audience
☛ Key Skills
☛ Prerequisites
☛ Instructional Method
☛ course contents
2. Java Concurrency and Performance
Course Contents
page4 ☛ Producer Consumer(Basic Hand-Off) Day1
☛ Common Issues with thread
☛ Java Memory Model(JMM)
☛ Applied Threading techniques
☛ Building Blocks for Highly
Concurrent Design
☛ Highly Concurrent Data Structures-
Part1 Day2
☛ Designing For Concurrency
☛ Sharing Objects
☛ Composing Objects
☛ Canned Synchronizers
☛ Structuring Concurrent Applications
page10 ☛ Cancellation and Shutdown Day3
☛ Applying Thread Pools
☛ Liveness, Performance, and Testing
☛ Performance and Scalability
☛ Explicit Locks
page16 ☛ Building Custom Synchronizers Day4
☛ Atomic Variables and
Nonblocking Synchronization
☛ Fork and Join Framework
☛ Crash course in Mordern hardware
☛ Designing for multi-
core/processor environment
☛ Highly Concurrent Data Structures-Part2
3. Description:
■ With the advent of multi-core processors the usage of single threaded programs is
soon becoming obsolete. Java was built to be able to do many things at once. In
computer lingo, we call this "concurrency". This is the main reason why Java is so
useful. Today we see a lot of our applications running on multiple cores, concurrent
java programs with multiple threads is the answer for effective performance and
stability on multi-core based applications. Concurrency is among the utmost worries
for newcomers to Java programming but there's no reason to let it deter you. Not only
is excellent documentation available but also pictorial representations of each topic to
make understanding much graceful and enhanced. Java threads have become easier
to work with as the Java platform has evolved. In order to learn how to do
multithreaded programming in Java 6 and 7, you need some building blocks. Our
training expert with his rich training and consulting experience illustrates with real
application based case studies.
Intended Audience:
■ The target group is programmers who want to know foundations of concurrent
programming and existing concurrent programming environments, in order, now or
in future, to develop multithreaded applications for multi-core processors and shared
memory multiprocessors.
Key Skills:
■
■
■
■
Dealing with threads and collections on a multi-core/ multiprocessor.
To quickly identify the root cause of poor performance in your applications.
Eliminate conditions that will prevent you from finding performance bottlenecks.
JDK 5, 6, 7 which have features to harness the power of the underlying hardware.
Prerequisites:
■ Basic knowledge of Java (introductory course or equivalent practical experience).
Instructional Method:
■ This is an instructor led course provides lecture topics and the practical application
of JEE5.0 and the underlying technologies. It pictorially presents most concepts and
there is a detailed case study that strings together the technologies, patterns and
design.
4. Java Concurrency and Performance
■ Producer Consumer(Basic Hand-Off) ( Day 1 )
■ Why wait-notify require Synchronization
• notifyAll used as work around
• Structural modification to hidden queue by wait-notify
• locking handling done by OS
• use cases for notify-notifyAll
• Hidden queue
• design issues with synchronization
■ Common Issues with thread
• Uncaught Exception Handler
• problem with stop
• Dealing with InterruptedStatus
■ Java Memory Model(JMM)
• Real Meaning and effect of synchronization
• Volatile
• Sequential Consistency would disallow common optimizations
• The changes in JMM
• Final
■ Shortcomings of the original JMM
• Finals not really final
• Prevents effective compiler optimizations
• Processor executes operations out of order
• Compiler is free to reorder certain instructions
• Cache reorders writes
• Old JMM surprising and confusing
Instruction Reordering
• What is the limit of reordering
• Programmatic Control
5. • super-scalar processors
• heavily pipelines processors
• As-if-serial-semantics
• Why is reordering done
■ Cache Coherency
• Write-back Caching explained
• What is cache Coherence.
• How does it effect java programs.
• Software based Cache Coherency
• NUMA(Non uniform memory access)
• Caching explained
• Cache incoherency
■ New JMM and goals of JSR-133
• Simple,intuitive and, feasible
• Out-of-thin-air safety
• High performance JVM implementations across architectures
• Minimal impact on existing code
• Initialization safety
• Preserve existing safety guarantees and type-safety
■ Applied Threading techniques
• Safe Construction techniques
• Thread Local Storage
• Thread safety levels
• UnSafe Construction techniques
■ Building Blocks for Highly Concurrent Design
■ CAS
• Wait-free Queue implementation
• Optimistic Design
• Wait-free Stack implementation
• Hardware based locking
■ ABA problem
• Markable reference
6. • weakCompareAndSet
• Stamped reference
■ Reentrant Lock
• ReentrantReadWriteLock
• ReentrantLock
■ Lock Striping
• Lock Striping on LinkNodes
• Lock Striping on table
■ Indentifying scalability bottlenecks in java.util.Collection
• segregating them based on Thread safety levels
■ Lock Implementation
• Multiple user conditions and wait queues
• Lock Polling techniques
• Based on CAS
• Design issues with synchronization
■ Highly Concurrent Data Structures-Part1 ( Day 2 )
■ Weakly Consistent Iterators vs Fail Fast Iterators
■ ConcurrentHashMap
• Structure
• remove/put/resize lock
• Almost immutability
• Using volatile to detect interference
• Read does not block in common code path
■ Designing For Concurrency
• Atomicity
• Confinement
• Immutability
• Visibility
• Almost Immutability
• Restructuring and refactoring
■ Sharing Objects
7. ■
■
Thread confinement
• Stack confinement
• ThreadLocal
• Unshared objects are safe
• Ad-hoc thread confinement
Visibility
■
■
■
• Synchronization and visibility
• Non-atomic 64-bit numeric operations
• Problems that state data can cause
• Volatile vs synchronized
• Single-threaded write safety
• Volatile flushing
• Making fields visible with volatile
• Reason why changes are not visible
Immutability
• Definition of immutable
• Immutable is always thread safe
• Immutable containing mutable object
• Final fields
Safe publication
• Making objects and their state visible
• Safe publication idioms
• How to share objects safely
• "Effectively" immutable objects
Publication and escape
• Publishing objects to alien methods
• Publishing objects as method returns
• Implicit links to outer class
• Ways we might let object escape
• Publishing objects via fields
■ Composing Objects
m
8. ■ Instance confinement
• Split locks
• Example of fleet management
• Java monitor pattern
• Lock confinement
• Encapsulation
• How instance confinement is good
• State guarded by private fields
■ Documenting synchronization policies
• Examples from the JDK
• Documentation checklist
• What should be documented
• Synchronization policies
• Interpreting vague documentation
■ Adding functionality to existing thread-safe classes
• Benefits of reuse
• Using composition to add functionality
• Subclassing to add functionality
• Modifying existing code
• Client-side locking
■ Designing a thread-safe class
• Pre-condition
• Thread-safe counter with invariant
• Primitive vs object fields
• Encapsulation
• Post-conditions
• Waiting for pre-condition to become true
■ Delegating thread safety
• Independent fields
• Publishing underlying fields
• Delegating safety to ConcurrentMap
m
9. • Invariables and delegation
• Using thread safe components
• Delegation with vehicle tracker
■ Canned Synchronizers
• Semaphore
• Latches
• SynchronousQueue
• Future
• Exchanger
• Synchronous Queue Framework
• Mutex
• Barrier
■ Structuring Concurrent Applications
■ Finding exploitable parallelism
• Callable controlling lifecycle
• CompletionService
• Limitations of parallelizing heterogeneous tasks
• Callable and Future
• Time limited tasks
• Example showing page renderer with future
• Sequential vs parallel
• Breaking up a single client request
■ The Executor framework
• Memory leaks with ThreadLocal
• Delayed and periodic tasks
• Thread pool structure
• Motivation for using Executor
• Executor lifecycle, state machine
• Difference between java.util.Timer and ScheduledExecutor
• ThreadPoolExecutor
• Decoupling task submission from execution
• Shutdown() vs ShutdownNow()
10. • Executor interface
• Thread pool benefits
• Standard ExecutorService configurations
■ Execution policies
• Various sizing options for number of threads and queue length
• In which order? (FIFO, LIFO, by priority)
• Who will execute it?
■ Executing tasks in threads
• Disadvantage of unbounded thread creation
• Single-threaded vs multi-threaded
• Explicitely creating tasks
• Indepence of tasks
• Identifying tasks
• Task boundaries
■ Cancellation and Shutdown ( Day 3 )
■ Stopping a thread-based service
• Graceful shutdown
• ExecutorService shutdown
• Providing lifecycle methods
• Asynchronous logging caveats
• Example: A logging service
• Poison pills
• One-shot execution service
■ Task cancellation
• Cancellation policies
• Using flags to signal cancellation
• Reasons for wanting to cancel a task
• Cooperative vs preemptive cancellation
■ Interruption
• Origins of interruptions
• WAITING state of thread
11. • How does interrupt work?
• Methods that put thread in WAITING state
• Policies in dealing with InterruptedException
• Thread.interrupted() method
■
■
Dealing with non-interruptible blocking
• Interrupting locks
• Reactions of IO libraries to interrupts
Responding to interruption
• Letting the method throw the exception
• Saving the interrupt for later
• Ignoring the interrupt status
• Restoring the interrupt and exiting
■
■
Interruption policies
• Task vs Thread
• Different meanings of interrupt
• Preserving the interrupt status
Example: timed run
■
■
• Telling a long run to eventually give up
• Canceling busy jobs
Handling abnormal thread termination
• Using UncaughtExceptionHandler
• Dealing with exceptions in Swing
• ThreadGroup for uncaught exceptions
JVM shutdown
• Shutdown hooks
• Orderly shutdown
• Daemon threads
• Finalizers
• Abrupt shutdown
■ Applying Thread Pools
■ Configuring ThreadPoolExecutor
12. • Thread factories
• corePoolSize
• Customizing thread pool executor after construction
• Using default Executors.new* methods
• Managing queued tasks
• maximumPoolSize
• keepAliveTime
• PriorityBlockingQueue
■ Saturation policies
• Discard
• Caller runs
• Abort
• Discard oldest
■ Sizing thread pools
• Examples of various pool sizes
• Determining the maximum allowed threads on your
operating system
• CPU-intensiv vs IO-intensive task sizing
• Danger of hardcoding worker number
• Problems when pool is too large or small
• Formula for calculating how many threads to use
• Mixing different types of tasks
■ Tasks and Execution Policies
• Long-running tasks
• Homogenous, independent and thread-agnostic tasks
• Thread starvation deadlock
■ Extending ThreadPoolExecutor
• terminate
• Using hooks for extension
• afterExecute
• beforeExecute
m
13. ■ Parallelizing recursive algorithms
• Using Fork/Join to execute tasks
• Converting sequential tasks to parallel
■ Liveness, Performance, and Testing
■ Avoiding Liveness Hazards
■ Other liveness hazards
• Poor responsiveness
• Livelock
■ Starvation
• ReadWriteLock in Java 5 vs Java 6
• Detecting thread starvation
■
■
Avoiding and diagnosing deadlocks
• Adding a sleep to cause deadlocks
• "TryLock" with synchronized
• Using open calls
• Verifying thread deadlocks
• Avoiding multiple locks
• Timed lock attempts
• Stopping deadlock victims
• DeadlockArbitrator
• Deadlock analysis with thread dumps
• Unit testing for lock ordering deadlocks
Deadlock
• Thread-starvation deadlocks
• Discovering deadlocks
• Checking whether locks are held
• Resource deadlocks
• The drinking philosophers
• Lock-ordering deadlocks
• Defining a global ordering
• Resolving deadlocks
m
14. • Causing a deadlock amongst philosophers
• Deadlock between cooperating objects
• Imposing a natural order
• Dynamic lock order deadlocks
• Defining order on dynamic locks
■ Open calls and alien methods
• Example in Vector
■ Performance and Scalability
■
■
Thinking about performance
• Mistakes in traditional performance optimizations
• 2-tier vs multi-tier
• Evaluating performance tradeoffs
• Performance vs scalability
• Effects of serial sections and locking
• How fast vs how much
Reducing lock contention
• How to monitor CPU utilization
• Performance comparisons
• ReadWriteLock
• Using CopyOnWrite collections
• Immutable objects
• Atomic fields
• Using ConcurrentHashMap
• Narrowing lock scope
• Avoiding "hot fields"
• Hotspot options for lock performance
• Reasons why CPUs might not be loaded
• How to find "hot locks"
• Lock splitting
• Dangers of object pooling
• Safety first!
• Reducing lock granularity
m
15. • Exclusive locks
■ Lock striping
• In ConcurrentHashMap
• In ConcurrentLinkedQueue
■ Amdahl's and Little's laws
• Formula for Amdahl's Law
• Problems with Amdahl's law in practice
• Applying Little's Law in practice
• Utilization according to Amdahl
• Maximum useful cores
• How threading relates to Little's Law
• Formula for Little's Law
■ Costs introduced by threads
• Context switching
• Locking and unlocking
• Cache invalidation
• Spinning before actual blocking
• Lock elision
• Memory barriers
• Escape analysis and uncontended locks
■ Explicit Locks
■ Lock and ReentrantLock
• Using try-finally
• Memory visibility semantics
• Using try-lock to avoid deadlocks
• tryLock and timed locks
• Interruptible locking
• Non-block-structured locking
• ReentrantLock implementation
• Using the explicit lock
■ Synchronized vs ReentrantLock
m
16. ■
■
• Memory semantics
• Prefer synchronized
• Ease of use
Performance considerations
• Heavily contended locks
• Java 5 vs Java 6 performance
• Throughput on contended locks
• Uncontended performance
Fairness
• Standard non-fair mechanisms
• Throughput of fair locks
• Round-robin by OS
• Barging
• Fair explicit locks in Java
■ Read-write locks
• ReadWriteLock interface
• Understanding system to avoid starvation
■ ReadWriteLock implementation options
• Release preference
• Downgrading
• Reader barging
• Upgrading
• Reentrancy
■ Building Custom Synchronizers ( Day 4 )
■ Explicit condition objects
• Condition interface
• Timed conditions
• Benefits of explicit condition queues
■ AbstractQueuedSynchronizer (AQS)
• Basis for other synchronizers
■ Managing state dependence
m
17. • Exceptions on pre-condition fails
• Structure of blocking state-dependent actions
• Crude blocking by polling and sleeping
• Example using bounded queues
• Single-threaded vs multi-threaded
■ Introducing condition queues
• With intrinsic locks
■ Using condition queues
• Waking up too soon
• Conditional waits
• Condition queue
• Encapsulating condition queues
• State-dependence
• notify() vs notifyAll()
• Condition predicate
• Lock
• Waiting for a specific timeout
■ Missed signals
• InterruptedException
■ Atomic Variables and Nonblocking Synchronization
■ Hardware support for concurrency
• Using "Unsafe" to access memory directly
• CAS support in the JVM
• Compare-and-Set
• Performance advantage of padding
• Nonblocking counter
• Simulation of CAS
• Managing conflicts with CAS
• Compare-and-Swap (CAS)
• Shared cache lines
• Optimistic locking
m
18. ■ Atomic variable classes
• Optimistic locking classes
• How do atomics work?
• Atomic array classes
• Performance comparisons: Locks vs atomics
• Cost of atomic spin loops
• Very fast when not too much contention
• Types of atomic classes
■ Disadvantages of locking
• Priority inversion
• Elimination of uncontended intrinsic locks
• Volatile vs locking performance
■ Nonblocking algorithms
• Scalability problems with lock-based algorithms
• Atomic field updaters
• Doing speculative work
• AtomicStampedReference
• Nonblocking stack
• Definition of nonblocking and lock-free
• Highly scalable hash table
• The ABA problem
■ Using sun.misc.Unsafe
• Dangers
• Reasons why we need it
■ Fork and Join Framework
• Fork -join decomposition
• Fork and Join
• ParallelArray
• Divide and conquer
• Hardware shapes programming idiom
• Exposing fine grained parallelism
m
19. • Anatomy of Fork and Join
• Limitations
• Work Stealing
■ Crash course in Mordern hardware
• Amdahl's Law
■ Cache
• cache controller
• write
• Direct mapped
• read
• Address mapping in cache
■ Memory Architectures
• NUMA
• UMA
■ Designing for multi-core/processor environment
• Concurrent Stack
• Harsh Realities of parallelism
• Parallel Programming
■ Concurrent Objects
• Sequential Consistency
• Linearizability
• Concurrency and Correctness
• Progress Conditions
• Quiescent Consistency
■ Concurrency Patterns
• Lazy Synchronization
• Lock free Synchronization
• Optimistic Synchronization
• Fine grained Synchronization
■ Priority Queues
• Heap Based Unbounded Priority Queue
m
20. • Skiplist based Unbounded priority Queue
• Array Based bounded Priority Queue
• Tree based Bounded Priority Queue
■ Lists
• Coarse Grained Synchronization
• Lazy Synchronization
• Optimistic Synchronization
• Non Blocking Synchronization
• Fine Grained Synchronization
■
■
Skiplists
Spinlocks
• Lock suitable for NUMA systems
■ Concurrent Queues
• Unbounded lock-free Queue
• Bounded Partial Queue
• Unbounded Total Queue
■ Concurrent Hashing
• Open Address Hashing
• Closed Address Hashing
• Lock Free Hashing
■ Highly Concurrent Data Structures-Part2
• CopyOnWriteArray(List/Set)
■ NonBlockingHashMap
• For systems with more than 100 cpus/cores
• State based Reasoning
• all CAS spin loop bounded
• Constant Time key-value mapping
• faster than ConcurrentHashMap
• no locks even during resize
■ Queue interfaces
• Queue
m
21. • BlockingQueue
• Deque
• BlockingDeque
■ Queue Implementations
■ ArrayDeque and ArrayBlockingDeque
• WorkStealing using Deques
■ LinkedBlockingQueue
■ LinkedBlockingDeque
■ ConcurrentLinkedQueue
• GC unlinking
• Michael and Scott algorithm
• Tails and heads are allowed to lag
• Support for interior removals
• Relaxed writes
■ ConcurrentLinkedDeque
• Same as ConcurrentLinkedQueue except bidirectional pointers
■ LinkedTransferQueue
• Internal removes handled differently
• Heuristics based spinning/blocking on number of processors
• Behavior differs based on method calls
• Usual ConcurrentLinkedQueue optimizations
• Normal and Dual Queue
■ Skiplist
• Lock free Skiplist
• Sequential Skiplist
• Lock based Concurrent Skiplist
■ ConcurrentSkipListMap(and Set)
• Indexes are allowed to race
• Iteration
• Problems with AtomicMarkableReference
• Probabilistic Data Structure
m
22. • Marking and nulling
• Different Way to mark
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