Java 9 new features

Java 9 : New Features
07 juli 2016
Masudul Haque

Agenda
• Introduction
• Java 9 Milestones
• JEP & JSR
• Modularity/Project Jigshaw: A revolutionary enhancement
• Java shell/ REPL : Real Eval Print Loop
• New Collection API
• Small Changes
• Summary
• Q/A

Java in Numbers
• #1 Development Platform in the world
• 9 Millions Developers
• 800.000 Java Certifications
• 7 Billion devices run Java
• 1 Billion Java Downloads per Year
• 97% of Enterprise Desktops run Java
• 100% of Blu-ray Disc Players ship with Java

Java 9: what is it
102: Process API Updates
110: HTTP 2 Client
143: Improve Contended Locking
158: Unified JVM Logging
165: Compiler Control
193: Variable Handles
197: Segmented Code Cache
199: Smart Java Compilation, Phase Two
200: The Modular JDK
201: Modular Source Code
211: Elide Deprecation Warnings on Import Statements
212: Resolve Lint and Doclint Warnings
213: Milling Project Coin
214: Remove GC Combinations Deprecated in JDK 8
215: Tiered Attribution for javac
216: Process Import Statements Correctly
217: Annotations Pipeline 2.0
219: Datagram Transport Layer Security (DTLS)
220: Modular Run-Time Images
221: Simplified Doclet API
222: jshell: The Java Shell (Read-Eval-Print Loop)
226: UTF-8 Property Files
227: Unicode 7.0
228: Add More Diagnostic Commands
231: Remove Launch-Time JRE Version Selection
232: Improve Secure Application Performance
233: Generate Run-Time Compiler Tests Automatically
235: Test Class-File Attributes Generated by javac
236: Parser API for Nashorn
237: Linux/AArch64 Port
240: Remove the JVM TI hprof Agent
241: Remove the jhat Tool
243: Java-Level JVM Compiler Interface
244: TLS Application-Layer Protocol Negotiation
Extension
245: Validate JVM Command-Line Flag Arguments
246: Leverage CPU Instructions for GHASH and RSA
247: Compile for Older Platform Versions
248: Make G1 the Default Garbage Collector

How new features become part of Java
standard?

JEP process
Source: http://cr.openjdk.java.net/~mr/jep/jep-2.0-02.html

JSR
Source: https://groups.google.com/foru13m/#!topic/java-social/InafCPMLLaA

Modularity/Project Jigshaw: A revolutionary
enhancement

Jigsaw
JEP 220: Modular Run-Time Images
JEP 201: Modular Source Code
JEP 260: Encapsulate Most Internal
APIs
JEP 282: jlink: The Java Linker
JEP 162: Prepare for Modularization
JSR 376: Java Platform Module System JEP 200: The Modular JDK
JEP 261: Module System
Modularity
Java Module

Why Modularity: Problem with Java 8
• Java Runtime getting bigger and bigger.
– Java 8 compact profile 1, 2 and 3 is the partial solution of Modularity.
• Jar and classpath hell.
– Hard to determine if anything missing.
– Hard to find internal conflict.
– Lazy class loading and initialization – NoClassDefFoundError.
• For code that escapes packages the visibility mechanism is poor - only
public.
– Classes from diﬀerent packages “see” each other, even from diﬀerent class loaders
– SecurityManager helps to protect, but it is not on by default

java.io
java.lang
java.lang.annotation
java.lang.invoke
java.lang.ref
java.lang.reflect
java.math
java.net
java.nio
java.nio.channels
java.nio.channels.spi
java.nio.charset
java.nio.charset.spi
java.nio.file
java.nio.file.attribute
java.nio.file.spi
java.security
java.security.cert
java.security.interfaces
java.security.spec
java.text
java.text.spi
java.time
java.time.chrono
java.time.format
java.time.temporal
java.time.zone
java.util
java.util.concurrent
java.util.concurrent.atomic
java.util.concurrent.locks
java.util.function
java.util.jar
java.util.regex
java.util.spi
java.util.stream
java.util.zip
javax.crypto
javax.crypto.interfaces
javax.crypto.spec
javax.security.auth
javax.security.auth.callback
javax.security.auth.login
javax.security.auth.spi
javax.security.auth.x500
jdk
jdk.internal.org.objectweb.asm
jdk.internal.org.xml.sax
jdk.internal.util.xml
jdk.internal.util.xml.impl
jdk.jigsaw.module
jdk.jigsaw.tools.jlink
jdk.joptsimple
jdk.joptsimple.internal
jdk.joptsimple.util
sun.invoke
sun.invoke.anon
sun.invoke.empty
sun.invoke.util
sun.launcher
sun.launcher.resources
sun.misc
sun.misc.resources
sun.net
sun.net.ftp
sun.net.ftp.impl
sun.net.idn
sun.net.sdp
sun.net.smtp
sun.net.spi
sun.net.spi.nameservice
sun.net.util
sun.net.www
sun.net.www.content.text
sun.net.www.http
sun.net.www.protocol.file
sun.net.www.protocol.ftp
sun.net.www.protocol.http
sun.net.www.protocol.jar
sun.net.www.protocol.mailto
sun.net.www.protocol.netdoc
sun.nio
sun.nio.ch
sun.nio.cs
sun.nio.fs
sun.reflect
sun.reflect.annotation
sun.reflect.generics.factory
sun.reflect.generics.parser
sun.reflect.generics.scope
sun.reflect.generics.tree
sun.reflect.generics.visitor
sun.reflect.misc
sun.security.action
sun.security.jca
sun.security.pkcs
sun.security.pkcs12
sun.security.provider
sun.security.provider.certpath
sun.security.rsa
sun.security.timestamp
sun.security.util
sun.security.validator
sun.security.x509
sun.text
sun.text.bidi
sun.text.normalizer
sun.text.resources
sun.text.resources.cldr
sun.text.resources.cldr.en
sun.text.resources.en
sun.util
sun.util.calendar
sun.util.cldr
sun.util.locale
sun.util.locale.provider
sun.util.logging
sun.util.logging.resources
sun.util.resources
sun.util.resources.cldr
sun.util.resources.cldr.en
sun.util.resources.en
sun.util.spi

Java 8 Compact Profile
JRE : 54 MB
Compact 3:
30 MB
Compact 2:
16 MB
Compact 1:
11 MB

4 Copyright © 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. #DV13 #Jigsaw @mreinhold
tls
logging
auth
jdbc
jta
jaxpnaming
rowset
kerberos
management
compiler
xmldsig
crypto
cosnaming
management.iiop
corba
desktop
tools.jre
jaxws
httpserverjavafx
prefssctp jx.annotations
instrument base
54MB 30 16 11 nashornscript
rmi

Java 8: Jar/Classpath Hell
antlr-2.7.7.jar aopalliance-1.0.jar aopalliance-repackaged-2.4.0-b10.jar asm-all-repackaged-2.4.0-b10.jar aspectjrt-1.8.5.jar
aspectjweaver-1.8.5.jar bean-validator-2.4.0-b10.jar classmate-1.0.0.jar class-model-2.4.0-b10.jar commons-beanutils-1.9.2.jar
commons-codec-1.10.jar commons-collections-3.2.1.jar commons-compiler-2.7.8.jar commons-dbcp-1.4.jar commons-fileupload-
1.3.1.jar commons-io-2.4.jar commons-lang3-3.2.1.jar commons-logging-1.1.1.jar commons-pool-1.5.4.jar config-types-2.4.0-
b10.jar core-2.4.0-b10.jar db2jcc-4.0.jar disruptor-3.2.1.jar dom4j-1.6.1.jar gs-collections-5.1.0.jar gs-collections-api-5.1.0.jar
gson-2.3.1.jar guava-18.0.jar hibernate-commons-annotations-4.0.5.Final.jar hibernate-core-4.3.10.Final.jar hibernate-
entitymanager-4.3.10.Final.jar hibernate-jpa-2.1-api-1.0.0.Final.jar hibernate-validator-5.1.3.Final.jar hk2-2.4.0-b10.jar hk2-api-
2.4.0-b10.jar hk2-config-2.4.0-b10.jar hk2-locator-2.4.0-b10.jar hk2-runlevel-2.4.0-b10.jar hk2-utils-2.4.0-b10.jar httpasyncclient-
4.0.2.jar httpclient-4.3.6.jar httpcore-4.3.3.jar httpcore-nio-4.3.2.jar httpmime-4.3.6.jar jackson-annotations-2.4.5.jar jackson-
core-2.4.5.jar jackson-databind-2.4.5.jar jackson-dataformat-yaml-2.4.5.jar jackson-datatype-joda-2.4.5.jar jandex-1.1.0.Final.jar
janino-2.7.8.jar javaee-web-api-7.0.jar javassist-3.18.1-GA.jar javax.annotation-api-1.2.jar javax.inject-1.jar javax.inject-2.4.0-
b10.jar javax.ws.rs-api-2.0.1.jar jboss-logging-3.1.3.GA.jar jboss-logging-annotations-1.2.0.Beta1.jar jboss-transaction-
api_1.2_spec-1.0.0.Final.jar jcl-over-slf4j-1.7.10.jar jersey-client-2.17.jar jersey-common-2.17.jar jersey-container-servlet-core-
2.17.jar jersey-guava-2.17.jar jersey-media-jaxb-2.17.jar jersey-server-2.17.jar jersey-spring3-2.17.jar jldap-4.3.jar joda-time-
2.2.jar json-20140107.jar jsr166e-1.0.jar logback-classic-1.1.3.jar logback-core-1.1.3.jar osgi-resource-locator-1.0.1.jar postgresql-
9.4-1201-jdbc41.jar reactor-core-1.1.4.RELEASE.jar slf4j-api-1.7.10.jar snakeyaml-1.12.jar spring-aop-4.1.6.RELEASE.jar spring-
beans-4.1.6.RELEASE.jar spring-bridge-2.4.0-b10.jar spring-context-4.1.6.RELEASE.jar spring-core-4.1.6.RELEASE.jar spring-data-
commons-1.10.0.RELEASE.jar spring-data-jpa-1.8.0.RELEASE.jar spring-expression-4.1.6.RELEASE.jar spring-integration-core-
4.1.2.RELEASE.jar spring-integration-jdbc-4.1.2.RELEASE.jar spring-jdbc-4.1.6.RELEASE.jar spring-messaging-4.1.4.RELEASE.jar
spring-orm-4.1.6.RELEASE.jar spring-retry-1.1.1.RELEASE.jar spring-security-config-4.0.2.RELEASE.jar spring-security-core-
4.0.2.RELEASE.jar spring-security-web-4.0.2.RELEASE.jar spring-tx-4.1.6.RELEASE.jar spring-web-4.1.6.RELEASE.jar spring-webmvc-
4.1.6.RELEASE.jar swagger-annotations-1.5.3.jar swagger-core-1.5.3.jar swagger-models-1.5.3.jar tiger-types-1.4.jar unirest-java-
1.4.7.jar validation-api-1.1.0.Final.jar webservices-api-2.3.1.jar webservices-rt-2.3.1.jar wicket-auth-roles-7.0.0.jar wicket-core-
7.0.0.jar wicket-request-7.0.0.jar wicket-util-7.0.0.jar xml-apis-1.0.b2.jar

Java 8: Jar/Classpath Hell
• Is there anything Missing?
• Is there any internal conflict?
• Is there any of these jar uses internal classes?

Java 9: No Classpath & Internal API
-classpath
-internal
API

Module
Module
Package
Class/Interface
Fields/Methods

Module
module = A container of packages
Module can exports specific package to all
Module can exports specific package to specific module
Module can import other module

Module
module-info.java
exports [packages]
exports [package] to [module]
requires [other module]

Modular Security
Accessibility (Java 1 to 8)
• public
• protected
• default
• private

Modular Security
Accessibility (Java 9)
• public
– public to everyone
– public, but only to specific modules
– public only within a module
• protected
• default
• private
public ≠ accessible (fundamental change to Java)

tls
logging
auth
jdbc
jta
jaxpnaming
rowset
kerberos
management
compiler
xmldsig
crypto
cosnaming
management.iiop
corba
desktop
tools.jre
jaxws
httpserver
tools
tools.jaxws tools.base
devtools
javafx
instrument base
54MB 30 16 11 nashornscript
rmi

tls
logging
auth
jdbc
jta
jaxpnaming
rowset
kerberos
management
compiler
xmldsig
crypto
cosnaming
management.iiop
corba
desktop
tools.jre
jaxws
httpserver
tools
devtools
javafx
instrument base
nashornscript
rmi

Modularity Demo
module app {
}
nl/cimsolutions/Main.java
module-info.java

Modularity Demo
module app {
requires alpha;
}
app
alpha

Modularity Demo
module app {
requires alpha;
requires java.desktop;
}
app
alpha desktop

Modularity Demo
module alpha {
exports org.forpublic;
}
alpha
org.forpublic
org.forinternal

Modularity Benefits
•Scalability
•Performance
•Security

JDK Structure
bin
Pre-JDK 9 JDK 9
lib
tools.jar
jre
bin
rt.jar
lib
libconfbin
jre directory
tools.jar
rt.jar

JEP 222: jshell-The Java Shell (Read-Eval-Print
Loop)

What is jshell?
• Tool providing a dynamic interaction with the Java™ programming
language
• Read-Evaluate-Print Loop (REPL) for the Java™ platform
– Type in a snippet of Java code, see the results
• Deeply integrated with JDK tool-set
– Stays current and compatible
• Also, an API for use within other applications

What jshell is “Not”?
• Not a new language
– “Snippets” of pure
• No new syntax
• Not a replacement for the compiler
• Not an IDE (Integrated Development Environment)

Who wants jshell?
• New to Java, new to programming
– Start with expressions vs classes
– Immediate feedback
• Exploring a new API or language feature
– Experiment and instantly see results
• Prototyping
– Incrementally write complex code

Without jshell: Edit Compile Run
• Write a full program:
– Class
– Imports
– main method
• Cycle the whole program to understand if the behavior is
correct:
– Edit
– Compiler or IDE
– Execute

Without jshell: Edit Compile Run
> edit Hello.java
public class Hello {
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println("Hello World");
}
}
> javac Hello.java
> java Hello
………….. Repeat

With jshell
>jshell
| Welcome to JShell -- Version 9-ea
| For an introduction type: /help intro
jshell> System.out.println("Hello World")
Hello World

JEP 269: Convenience Factory Methods for
Collections

New Collection API
• Java Collection is verbose.
• Ruby Collection:
list = [1, 2, 3]
set = Set.new [1, 2, 3]
map = { ‘a’=> 1, ‘b’ => 2, ‘c’ => 3}
• Java Collection:
List<Integer> list = Arrays.asList(1, 2, 3);
Set<Integer> set = new HashSet<>(Arrays.asList(1, 2, 3));
Map<String, Integer> map = new HashMap<>();
map.put(“a”,1);
map.put(“b”,2);
map.put(“c”,3);

New Collection API
• Java Collection is verbose.
• Python Collection:
list = [1, 2, 3]
set = {1, 2, 3}
map = { ‘a’ : 1, ‘b’ : 2, ‘c’ : 3}
• Java Collection:
map.put(“a”,1);
map.put(“b”,2);
map.put(“c”,3);

New Collection API
map.put(“a”,1);
map.put(“b”,2);
map.put(“c”,3);
List<Integer> list = List.of(1, 2, 3);
Set<Integer> set = Set.of(1, 2, 3);
Map<String, Integer> map = Map.ofEntries(entry(“a”,1), entry(“b”,2), entry(“c”,3));

G1 : New Garbage collector
• Now GC is the default garbage collector.
• In JDK 9, the G1 the default garbage collector.
• Many performance improvements were made to G1 in JDK 8 and its update
releases, and further improvements are planned for JDK 9.
• The introduction of concurrent class unloading (JEP 156) in JDK 8u40 made G1 a
fully-featured garbage collector, ready to be the default.

HTML 5 and Javadoc Search
• Enhance the javadoc tool to generate HTML5 markup.
• Add a search box to generated API documentation that can be used to search for program elements and
tagged words and phrases within the documentation.

Deprecate the Applet API
Add the @Deprecated(since="9") annotation to the following classes:
• java.applet.AppletStub
• java.applet.Applet
• java.applet.AudioClip
• java.applet.AppletContext
• javax.swing.JApplet

Process API Update
• JEP 102: Process API Updates
• New:
– Get PID number from JVM
– Get list of processes
– Operations on tree of processes

Process API Update
Process proc = Runtime.getRuntime().exec(new String[]{"/bin/sh", "-c",
"echo $PPID"});
if (proc.waitFor() == 0) {
InputStream in = proc.getInputStream();
int available = in.available();
byte[] outputBytes = new byte[available];
in.read(outputBytes);
String pid = new String(outputBytes);
System.out.println("Your pid is " + pid);
}
System.out.println("Your pid is " + ProcessHandle.current().getPid());

Summary
• Modularisation is a big change for Java
– JVM/JRE rather than language/APIs
– Public access isn’t necessarily the same
• Flexibility to define what is exported
• New linking capability to generate runtime image
• More to learn about converting existing code
• Will make all applications simpler to deploy and manage

Java 9 new features

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