This document discusses various ways to improve food resources in India. It covers topics like increasing crop yields through improved varieties, fertilizers, irrigation, and pest management. It also discusses improving livestock through better breeding and care of cattle, poultry, fish, and bees. The overall goal is to sustainably increase food production to meet the needs of India's growing population through practices like the green and white revolutions.
Functional Genomics Prospective of Chickpea Breeding: Constraints and Future ...CrimsonpublishersMCDA
Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is an important legume crop, cultivated in semi-arid and warm temperate zones. It is rich in protein so, one of the most important ingredients of human as well as animal feed. It is grown over 50 countries and traded across 140 countries of the world. The advancement in the development in the genomic resource it made the chickpea enable to adapt the biotic and abiotic stresses. We can create the genetic variability through conventional and non-conventional breeding methods because it is the basic key for breeder. The modern tools of biotechnology and genomic technology in chickpea will improved the breeding program of chickpea and decrease the time to develop new cultivars. However, the efforts have already been directed towards the chickpea improvement by the utilization of the genomics and biotechnological tools. Use of these techniques is expected to be very important in future breeding program. This review covered the genomics perspective of chickpea, constrains and future directions.
https://crimsonpublishers.com/mcda/fulltext/MCDA.000567.php
For more open access journals in Crimson Publishers please click on link: https://crimsonpublishers.com
For more articles on journal of agronomy and crop science please click on below link: https://crimsonpublishers.com/mcda/
Functional Genomics Prospective of Chickpea Breeding: Constraints and Future ...CrimsonpublishersMCDA
Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is an important legume crop, cultivated in semi-arid and warm temperate zones. It is rich in protein so, one of the most important ingredients of human as well as animal feed. It is grown over 50 countries and traded across 140 countries of the world. The advancement in the development in the genomic resource it made the chickpea enable to adapt the biotic and abiotic stresses. We can create the genetic variability through conventional and non-conventional breeding methods because it is the basic key for breeder. The modern tools of biotechnology and genomic technology in chickpea will improved the breeding program of chickpea and decrease the time to develop new cultivars. However, the efforts have already been directed towards the chickpea improvement by the utilization of the genomics and biotechnological tools. Use of these techniques is expected to be very important in future breeding program. This review covered the genomics perspective of chickpea, constrains and future directions.
https://crimsonpublishers.com/mcda/fulltext/MCDA.000567.php
For more open access journals in Crimson Publishers please click on link: https://crimsonpublishers.com
For more articles on journal of agronomy and crop science please click on below link: https://crimsonpublishers.com/mcda/
Are edible insects the next sustainable source of proteins challenges in the ...foodresearch
Animal-based products, such as meat and milk, deliver primary nutritional components around the globe. To handle the rapidly growing population and to sustain global food production by keeping an account of the carbon emissions during this process is proving to be quite challenging. One of the potential alternative sources of proteins is edible insects with protein content ranged from 35% to 61%, lipids (13-33%) and contains significant amount of animal fiber in form of insoluble chitin. Insects are a part of the human diet in many cultures in different countries. However, entomophagy is not promoted widely even by many international organizations. The common popular insects fall into these categories, beetles, bees, caterpillars, ants, wasps, locusts, crickets, leafhoppers and grasshoppers, true bugs, termites, dragonflies and flies.
Are the insects eating could be the future?
As a consumer, we should be aware of entomophagy, and the insect rearing might become a necessity in the future. Some consumers in different countries are willing to pay a premium price as street foods are sold in hygienic conditions. Entomophagy is revalidated from time to time with the help of worldwide campaigns in countries suffering from acute food shortages. The global strategy is to maintain sustainable food security for everyone.
Food Research Lab can help you solve these problems related to the formulation of food products with edible insects. FRL is for food and nutraceutical manufacturers as well as those companies involved in NPD and developing spec without manufacturing. FRL gives you the ability to improve all phases and aspects of new product development, such as original specification, ideation, shelf-life, and packaging. Additionally, you can get them out to market quicker than ever before.
Want to know more: https://bit.ly/3zNDnV3
Contact us:
Website: https://www.foodresearchlab.com/
Contact no: UK- +44- 161 818 4656 , INDIA- +91 9566299022
Email: info@foodresearchlab.com
The Growth of Microalgae in Shrimp Hatchery: Impact of Environment on Nutriti...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Biotechnology and Biochemistry (IOSR-JBB) covers studies of the chemical processes in living organisms, structure and function of cellular components such as proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids and other biomolecules, chemical properties of important biological molecules, like proteins, in particular the chemistry of enzyme-catalyzed reactions, genetic code (DNA, RNA), protein synthesis, cell membrane transport, and signal transduction. IOSR-JBB is privileged to focus on a wide range of biotechnology as well as high quality articles on genetic engineering, cell and tissue culture technologies, genetics, microbiology, molecular biology, biochemistry, embryology, cell biology, chemical engineering, bioprocess engineering, information technology, biorobotics.
PRESENT STATUS AND FUTURE STRATEGIES IN COLLECTION OF MAJOR CROPS OF COTTON, ...Dhanuja Kumar
Cotton has played a great role in the global and Indian economies since immemorial time. The antiquity of cotton in the Indian subcontinent has been traced to the 4th millennium BC.
The wild species of Gossypium are important sources of useful traits such as special and superior fibre properties, cytoplasmic male sterility, resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses etc. which can be introgressed into the cultivated species for improvement. Since the variability available in cultivated germplasm is limited and has been exhaustively utilized in breeding programmes, it has become a necessity to collect, conserve and develop basic germplasm materials enriched with rare useful genes.
Conservation is very important in mango, because many species are becoming extinct and many others are threatened and endangered.
Are edible insects the next sustainable source of proteins challenges in the ...foodresearch
Animal-based products, such as meat and milk, deliver primary nutritional components around the globe. To handle the rapidly growing population and to sustain global food production by keeping an account of the carbon emissions during this process is proving to be quite challenging. One of the potential alternative sources of proteins is edible insects with protein content ranged from 35% to 61%, lipids (13-33%) and contains significant amount of animal fiber in form of insoluble chitin. Insects are a part of the human diet in many cultures in different countries. However, entomophagy is not promoted widely even by many international organizations. The common popular insects fall into these categories, beetles, bees, caterpillars, ants, wasps, locusts, crickets, leafhoppers and grasshoppers, true bugs, termites, dragonflies and flies.
Are the insects eating could be the future?
As a consumer, we should be aware of entomophagy, and the insect rearing might become a necessity in the future. Some consumers in different countries are willing to pay a premium price as street foods are sold in hygienic conditions. Entomophagy is revalidated from time to time with the help of worldwide campaigns in countries suffering from acute food shortages. The global strategy is to maintain sustainable food security for everyone.
Food Research Lab can help you solve these problems related to the formulation of food products with edible insects. FRL is for food and nutraceutical manufacturers as well as those companies involved in NPD and developing spec without manufacturing. FRL gives you the ability to improve all phases and aspects of new product development, such as original specification, ideation, shelf-life, and packaging. Additionally, you can get them out to market quicker than ever before.
Want to know more: https://bit.ly/3zNDnV3
Contact us:
Website: https://www.foodresearchlab.com/
Contact no: UK- +44- 161 818 4656 , INDIA- +91 9566299022
Email: info@foodresearchlab.com
The Growth of Microalgae in Shrimp Hatchery: Impact of Environment on Nutriti...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Biotechnology and Biochemistry (IOSR-JBB) covers studies of the chemical processes in living organisms, structure and function of cellular components such as proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids and other biomolecules, chemical properties of important biological molecules, like proteins, in particular the chemistry of enzyme-catalyzed reactions, genetic code (DNA, RNA), protein synthesis, cell membrane transport, and signal transduction. IOSR-JBB is privileged to focus on a wide range of biotechnology as well as high quality articles on genetic engineering, cell and tissue culture technologies, genetics, microbiology, molecular biology, biochemistry, embryology, cell biology, chemical engineering, bioprocess engineering, information technology, biorobotics.
PRESENT STATUS AND FUTURE STRATEGIES IN COLLECTION OF MAJOR CROPS OF COTTON, ...Dhanuja Kumar
Cotton has played a great role in the global and Indian economies since immemorial time. The antiquity of cotton in the Indian subcontinent has been traced to the 4th millennium BC.
The wild species of Gossypium are important sources of useful traits such as special and superior fibre properties, cytoplasmic male sterility, resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses etc. which can be introgressed into the cultivated species for improvement. Since the variability available in cultivated germplasm is limited and has been exhaustively utilized in breeding programmes, it has become a necessity to collect, conserve and develop basic germplasm materials enriched with rare useful genes.
Conservation is very important in mango, because many species are becoming extinct and many others are threatened and endangered.
After positive impact . here comes negative impact of IPR which really have a big set bact of our biological biodiversity. the slide gives u idea, though i have taken these things from various other papers to give u complete idea of negative impact of IPR.
This lesson helps the learners to develop their reasoning skills and this will help the learners in creating business plan .Educating the learners is one ways to upholds the credibility of the learners with this we can easily create a business plan.
NCERT Solutions | Class IX | Science (Biology) | Chapter 15 | Improvement in ...Biswarup Majumder
NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Biology is available in PDF format which you can download easily. Here is the most accurate and detailed Biology NCERT solutions for Class 9th CBSE textbook for free of cost.
I hope this document is helpful to you. Please share the document with your friends if you think this will benefit them. Get ready for the next solution. Thanks.
1. Chapter 6
Improvement in food resources
Key learning:
1) Agriculture and animal husbandry provide us with all our animal and plant food.
2) For feeding the ever increasing Indian population, our capacity of manufacturing crop plants and
livestock should be increased through various efforts like green revolution and white revolution. But
this should be done in a sustainable manner without destroying our environment.
3) Improving the financial status of people, especially those involved in agricultural practices is
essential to provide food security to everyone.
4) Different crops provide us with different types of nutrients.
5) The optimum requirement of temperature, water, light and other conditions vary for different
crops.
6) Kharif crops like paddy and cotton are grown in rainy season whereas rabbi crops like wheat and
mustard are grown in winter season.
7) Crop variety improvement, crop production improvement and crop protection management helps to
increase the crop yields.
8) A crop variety possessing several desirable characteristics should be selected to produce a good
yield.
9) Hybridisation and genetic modification techniques introduce the useful characters into crop plants.
10) It is desirable to develop crops that can survive and give good yields in different climatic
conditions and areas.
11) The characteristics desirable in crop plants are
i) Increased yield
ii) Improved quality (particular to the crop plant)
iii) Resistance to biotic and abiotic factors, especially those harming the plant.
iv) Reduction in duration of plant maturity.
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2. v) Broad range adaptability of the crop plant under various environmental conditions.
vi) Desired agronomic characteristics particular to a plant.
Variety improvement may be done for one or several of these characteristics.
12) In India, the land holding, financial conditions and use of modern technologies varies among
different farmers. Hence the inputs of farmers are also different, leading to differing production
practices and yields.
13) The sixteen nutrients required by plants are obtained through air, water and soil.
14) Manures and fertilizers supplement the soil with the required nutrients and thus increase crop
yield.
15) Manures contain decomposed animal and plant wastes and increases soil nutrition and fertility.
16) The bulk organic matter present in manure improves soil structure.
17) In composting, the biological waste material is decomposed in pits. Composting done using
earthworms is called vermi-composting.
18) In green manuring, green crops are grown, mulched by ploughing and mixed with soil to improve
soil structure and fertility.
19) The commercially produced fertilizers provide macronutrients like N, K and P and ensure healthy
growth of plants.
20) Excessive use of fertilizers causes water pollution and loss of soil fertility.
21) Best crop yields is obtained by a balance between the use of fertilizers and manures.
22) In organic farming, use of chemicals is discouraged whereas use of organic manures, bio-agents
and healthy cropping systems is encouraged.
23) Irrigation is essential to ensure agricultural success in India since our agriculture is mainly rain-
fed.
24) Wells, canals, rivers and tanks are some important irrigation systems in our country.
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3. 25) The source of wells is underground water whereas canals get water from rivers or reservoirs.
River lift systems draw water directly from rivers.
26) Rainwater harvesting and watershed management increases storage of rain water for later use in
agriculture.
27) Risk of crop failure is reduced in mixed cropping wherein two or more crops are grown together
on the same field.
28) Two or more crops with different nutritional requirements are grown on the same farm in inter-
cropping so as to utilize maximum nutrients and prevent spread of diseases and pests.
29) In crop rotation, different crop combinations are grown on the same field in a pre-planned
succession so as to get maximum returns.
30) Weeds, pests and diseases can destroy large amounts of crop plants.
31) Weed removal from crop fields is essential since they use up the requirements of crop plants like
food, space, light etc.
32) Insect pests and plant pathogens attack different parts of the plant and thus reduce crop yields.
33) Pesticides are used to control weeds, insects and diseases, but they should be used only as much as
needed to avoid environmental pollution and health hazards.
34) Several preventive methods can be adopted to carry out pest and weed control.
35) Biotic and abiotic factors can cause huge storage losses of food grains and can be taken care of by
proper treatment.
36) It is better to use preventive and control methods for protecting crops such as proper cleaning and
drying of the crops followed by fumigation, rather than treatment measures.
37) Due to the food needs of the ever increasing human population, animal husbandry, especially of
cattle, goat, sheep, poultry and fish, is gaining a lot of importance.
38) In India, cows and buffaloes are used for draught labour and producing milk and are called
draught animals and milch animals respectively.
39) Long lactation period is a desirable quality in milch animals.
40) Exotic breeds showing long lactation is cross bred with local breeds showing resistance to
diseases to obtain high quality breeds.
41) For good health and milk production, proper cattle management is required such as shelter,
feeding, breeding and disease control.
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4. 42) The cattle shelter should be well-ventilated, hygienic and dry.
43) Cattle food should include roughage and concentrates in balanced amounts and are required for
the healthy maintenance as well as milk production of the cattle.
44) Cattle diseases are caused by external and internal parasites as well as by bacteria and viruses.
These affect the health as well as milk production of the animals and can be largely controlled through
vaccinations.
45) Poultry farming targets egg production and broiler production for chicken meat.
46) Cross-breeding is done between the Indian and foreign breeds of poultry to obtain improved
varieties containing desirable traits such as tolerance to high temperature, dwarf broiler parent, low
maintenance requirements and reduction in size of the layers.
47) The shelter, feeding and other requirements of broilers and layers differ from each other.
48) The diet of broilers is planned with the aim of achieving good growth rate and quality of carcass
whereas the diet of layers is aimed to achieve large number and high quality of eggs.
49) Broiler diet is rich in proteins and vitamins, along with the required amount of fat.
50) The poultry shelter should be hygienic, well-lighted and maintained at appropriate temperatures.
51) Poultry need to be protected from various diseases caused by bacteria, fungi, viruses, parasites and
nutritional deficiencies, through proper treatment, sanitation and vaccination.
52) In fish production, both the finned true fish as well as shellfish are obtained from marine or fresh
water through capture fishing or culture fishery.
53) India’s marine fishery resources are the vast coastlines and extensive seas; the freshwater
resources are canals, ponds, reservoirs and rivers whereas the brackish water fishery resources are
estuaries and lagoons.
54) In India, marine fishes such as pomphret, tuna, mackerel and sardines are located through
satellites and echo sounders and captured using fishing nets.
55) Marine fish farming of high economic value fishes like mullets, oysters and prawns are done in
sea water.
56) Fresh water fish production is mainly carried out through aquaculture.
57) Composite fish culture system is used commonly for fresh water fish farming. In this system, five
or six fish species with different food habits are farmed together in a single pond, so as to increase the
yield of fish.
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5. 58) Since high quality fish seed is not always available, fish are nowadays bred using hormonal
stimulation, thus ensuring continuous supply of the seed.
59) Bee-keeping is a low investment activity carried out by farmers to obtain honey and wax.
60) Apis cerana indica, Apis dorsata and Apis florae are the Indian bee varieties whereas Apis
mellifera is an Italian variety used for commercially producing honey.
61) The availability of sufficient amount of pasturage as well as the type of flowers decides the quality
of honey.
Top definitions
1) Hybridisation – Crossing between genetically dissimilar plants.
2) Intervarietal hybridization – Hybridisation between different varieties of plants.
3) Interspecific hybridization – Hybridisation between plants belonging to two different
species of the same genus.
4) Intergeneric hybridization - Hybridisation between plants of different genera.
5) Macronutrients – Nutrients required by plants in large quantities.
6) Micronutrients – Nutrients required by plants in small quantities.
7) Composting – The process in which farm waste material like livestock excreta,
vegetable waste, animal refuse, domestic waste, sewage waste etc is decomposed in
pits.
8) Vermi-compost – Compost prepared by using earthworms to hasten the
decomposition process of plant and animal refuse.
9) Manure - Organic substances of animal or plant origin that is added to the soil to
increase its fertility and structure.
10) Fertiliser – Commercially produced plant nutrients that enriches the soil fertility and
increases the crop yield.
11) Organic farming – A farming system with minimal or no use of chemicals as
fertilizers, pesticides etc. and with a maximum input of organic manures, recycled farm-
wastes, along with use of bio-agents and healthy cropping systems.
12) Mixed cropping – The practice of growing two or more crops simultaneously on the
same field.
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6. 13) Inter-cropping – The practice of growing two or more crops simultaneously on the
same field in a definite pattern.
14) Crop rotation – The growing of different crops on a piece of land in a pre-planned
succession.
15) Weeds – Unwanted plants in the cultivated field.
16) Animal husbandry – The scientific management of animal livestock.
17) Milch cattle – Milk-producing females of cattle.
18) Draught cattle – Cattle used for farm labour.
19) Layer – Egg laying poultry.
20) Broiler – Poultry reared for obtaining meat.
21) Capture fishing – Obtaining fish from natural resources
22) Culture fishery – Obtaining fish by fish farming.
23) Mariculture - The farming of finfish or shellfish in marine water.
24) Aquaculture - The farming of freshwater or marine organisms for human use, by
proper utilization of available waters in the country.
25) Beekeeping – The cultivation of bees on a commercial scale for the production of
honey and beeswax.
Top diagrams
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