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Itzell Moreno Friday31 Jan at 21:15 Manage discussion entry According to Lieblich, narrative research is a study of narrative materials or anything that uses narrative (1988, p.14). In essence, narrative research focuses on understanding the experience and point of view of the narrator. According to Squire, Andrews, and Tamboukou, narrative research seems to be used very often, especially in social research, because interviews or personal testimonies create narrative to research (Squire, C., Andrews, M., & Tamboukou , M., 2013, p.1). Furthermore, Squire, C., Andrews, M., & Tamboukou , M., explain that narrative research data may be overwhelming since narrative can be open to interpretation, in reference to collecting too much data and not knowing where to start or end; which is both good and bad (2013, p.1). Data collection for this type or research includes, but is not limited to, audio recordings, journals, interviews, stories, autobiography writing, pictures, and more. The type of analysis used is qualitative; since content is collected from texts, then counted, organized, and interpreted (Lieblich,1998, p. 14). Furthermore, depending on the research question and data being collected, data analysis varies; whether the author wants to make something out of the story, combine findings, look for patterns in stories, etc. Resources Lieblich, A. (1998). Narrative research: reading, analysis, and interpretation. London: Sage. Squire, C., Andrews, M., & Tamboukou , M. (2013). What is Narrative Research? In Doing Narrative Research (2nd ed., pp. 1–22). doi: https://dx-doi-org.proxy-library.ashford.edu/10.4135/9781526402271.n1 Ashley Henderson Yesterday5 Feb at 17:21 Manage discussion entry Topic: Grounded Theory Grounded theory permits researchers to develop a method that describes and/or explain situations that can “accurately perceive and present another’s world” (Jacelon & O’Dell, 2005). The grounded theory focuses on an informative natural method in conjunction with strategies. Examples of these strategies are observations, interviews, and documentation. Becoming one of the most frequently adopted qualitative research methods, it discloses the behavior and social relationships of groups. This type of research methodology utilizes inductive reasoning as well as the hypothetic-deductive model of the scientific method. Grounded theory constructs data systematically and analyzes by using comparative analysis. In my chosen journal, two out of three schools that were invited to take part participated. Each participant completed an individual interview, as well as the parents of the participants, completed an informed consent document. All possessed documents for the analysis were securely stored within a filing cabinet. During this study, the individual interviews were audio-recorded, analyzed and transcribed verbatim before conducting the next interview. The researchers used the constructivist grounded theory approach to conduct the in ...
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Introduction:
Qualitative research is more concerned with description and the subjective nature of lived experiences than with the quantification of experience for the purpose of applying statistical procedures. Their methods differ, but both qualitative and quantitative approaches attempt to understand social and behavioral phenomena by systematically collecting, organizing, analyzing, and interpreting data. As forms of disciplined inquiry, adherence to standards of rigor in the use of both qualitative and quantitative research methods reduces the likelihood of unwanted bias, thereby increasing the overall validity or credibility of findings from any given study. Sampling procedures in qualitative studies are designed to bring the researcher in contact with the participants who are most likely to provide rich data. Qualitative studies do not sample in order to provide generalizations to a larger population, so securing a sample that is representative of the larger population is not a relevant concern.
Qualitative research, in contrast to quantitative, is more emergent in that research questions are likely to evolve over the course of the study as the researcher gains insight into the nature of the phenomena being observed through several phases of data collection (Creswell, 2014, p. 4). The investigator may begin by formulating a general research question from professional experiences or observations, and as the study progresses, refine these questions. In contrast to most quantitative studies, where the bulk of the relevant literature is reviewed prior to conducting the study, a qualitative researcher may not begin reading the literature until after the first round of data collection. Qualitative research aims for a holistic view of the participant's experiences by using observation and open-ended questions in in-depth interviews.
Qualitative research methodology uses an inductive reasoning process. It is based on philosophical assumptions that are very different from those that support quantitative research. Epistemologically, knowledge comes from understanding what meanings have been given to experiences and processes from first-hand accounts of people. The nature of reality, which falls under the branch of philosophy called ontology, is socially constructed by individuals and groups of people, and thus multiple realities exist due to the different interpretative lenses people bring to their experiences. Unlike quantitative research, which some view as being value-free, the role of values (the axiological assumptions), intuition, bias, and subjective experience are an important component of what the researcher consciously and purposefully examines.
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Here are brief explanations for the test questions:
1. Qualitative research is a form of social inquiry that focuses on understanding and interpreting how people make sense of their experiences and the world in which they live. It involves collecting and analyzing non-numerical data to understand concepts, perceptions and experiences.
2. The three basic types of research approaches are:
- Scientific approach - deals with empirical data and allows control of variables. Uses quantitative methods.
- Naturalistic approach - people-oriented and focuses on understanding real meanings and social relations. Uses qualitative methods.
- Triangulation/mixed method - combines research designs, data collection and analysis techniques to enhance validity.
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Here are brief explanations for the test questions:
1. Qualitative research is a form of social inquiry that focuses on understanding and interpreting how people make sense of their experiences and the world in which they live. It involves collecting and analyzing non-numerical data to understand concepts, opinions, or experiences.
2. The three types of approach to research are:
- Scientific approach - Uses empirical data, controls variables, and presents findings quantitatively
- Naturalistic approach - Focuses on understanding real human behavior and social relations qualitatively
- Triangulation/mixed method - Combines research designs, data collection, and analysis techniques to enhance validity
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This chapter discusses six common qualitative research designs: phenomenological studies, ethnographic studies, grounded theory studies, historical studies, case studies, and action research studies. Phenomenological studies examine human experiences through descriptions provided by subjects. Ethnographic studies involve collecting data about cultural groups through participant observation and interviews. Grounded theory studies develop theories grounded in collected data through constant comparison and identifying concepts. Historical studies seek to relate past events to the present through identifying, evaluating, and synthesizing data from the past. Case studies provide an in-depth analysis of a person, group, or situation. Action research studies aim to solve an immediate problem and create social change through participatory research.
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4-Phenomenological research and grounded theory are common methods of conducting qualitative research.
Similarities:
· Both collect data from their subjects’ perceptions and perspectives
· Both do their best to make sure their findings are not influenced by preconceived notions or judgments
· Both explore their participants’ personal experiences
· Both seek understanding the meaning of events and experiences on peoples’ lives, (Driessnack, 2007)
Differences:
· Phenomenological research focuses on understanding the impact an experience has on a person’s life. The only sources of information are the people experiencing the event (phenomena). This type of research is often limited to interviews only, (Driessnack, 2007)
· Grounded theory research includes a variety of data sources, including diaries, observations, images, and past research. They compare the data they collected with older data and look for differences and contradictions, as well as social patterns.
References
Driessnack, M., Sousa, V. D., & Mendes, I. C. (2007). An overview of research designs relevant to nursing: part 2: qualitative research designs.
5-“The purpose of phenomenological research is to provide a thorough description of a lived experience. Some researchers will summarize their findings with a written summary that combines the findings into a thorough description or an exemplar of the experience” (Grove 70).
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“Grounded theory has been used most frequently to study areas in which little previous research has been conducted and to gain a new viewpoint in familiar areas of research. Through their interviews to understand the perspectives of persons who were dying, Glaser and Strauss (1967) developed grounded theory research as a method and published a book describing it as a qualitative method. Nurses were attracted to the method because of its applicability to the life experiences of persons with health problems and its potential for developing explanations of human behavior (Wuerst, 2012)” (Grove 71).
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1. Qualitative research is a form of social inquiry that focuses on understanding and interpreting how people make sense of their experiences and the world in which they live.
2. The three types of approach to research are: scientific approach, naturalistic approach, and triangulation/mixed method. The naturalistic approach focuses on discovering the real meaning behind people's lifestyles and social relations in a natural setting using qualitative methods like interviews.
3. Hard sciences like biology, chemistry and physics study natural phenomena using quantitative, objective and experimental methods. Soft sciences like sociology, psychology and history study human behavior and social phenomena using qualitative, subjective methods focused on meaning and discovery through interpretation.
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1000 words, 2 referencesBegin conducting research now on your .docx
1000 words, 2 references
Begin conducting research now on your company/client. After brainstorming on your company’s industry and after your preliminary research information-gathering techniques, create a research profile proposal to deliver to your company’s management that includes the following:
State the specific research goal for the proposal.
What is the company’s current business problem?
Who is the company’s competition?
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Part 1
Your fast-food franchise has been cleared for business in all 4 countries (United Arab Emirates, Israel, Mexico, and China). You now have to start construction on your restaurants. The financing is coming from the United Arab Emirates, the materials are coming from Mexico and China, the engineering and technology are coming from Israel , and the labor will be hired locally within these countries by your management team from the United States. You invite all of the players to the headquarters in the United States for a big meeting to explain the project and get to know one another. The people seem to be staying with their own groups and not mingling.
What is the cultural phenomenon at play here (what is it called/ term)?
How do you explain the lack of intercultural communication and interaction?
What do you know about these cultures—specifically their economic, political, educational, and social systems—that could help you in getting them together?
What are some of the contrasting cultural values of these countries?
You are concerned about some of the language barriers as you start the meeting, particularly the fact that the United States is a low-context country, and some of the countries present are high-context countries. Furthermore, you only speak English, and you do not have an interpreter present.
How will this affect the presentation?
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There are several different approaches when conducting collection and data analysis: quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods. While questionnaires are very helpful in many different forms of research studies, researchers can also observe phenomena by using one of their senses such as sight or sound. Collecting data of this type is called direct observation and there are two categories of direct observation: qualitative and quantitative. Qualitative observations differ from quantitative observations in that they cannot be recorded using numbers and facts. Qualitative observations are unstructured and broad, focusing on anything the researchers deems credible to a study (Ellis, et all., 2009). There are six types of qualitative observations: participant observations, ethnographic observations, case studies, archaeological data, focus groups, and naturalistic animal studies.
Participant observations consist of a researcher integrate themselves in their own study’s environment, an example of this would be a researcher living with the homeless to determine how certain facets of their lives differ from home-owners or renters. There are few guidelines on how to conduct participant observation studies, however it is important for participant observers “not to influence the course of events being observed” (Ellis, et all., 2009). Ethnographic observations are typically carried out to learn more about certain cultures and societies. Observing a certain ritual amongst an Amazonian tribe would be considered an ethnographic observation. Ethnographic observations have also had issues with reliability for a variety of reasons, such as bias by researchers or too small of a sample size. Case studies are simply written studies on a specific individual or group. An example of this would be researching the effects of CTE in in former professional football player Aaron Hernandez in an effort to determine if his brain damage affected his impulse to commit murder. Focus groups consist of a group of about a dozen participants being led by a facilitator to discuss a particular subject (Ellis, et all., 2009). Archaeological data collection consists of fossils and artifacts of the deceased. Naturalistic animal studies can be both qualitative and quantitative.
Quantitative direct observations focus on numbers and facts for summary purposes and “emphasize data that cannot be disputed because it can objectively measured” (APUS, 2016). One of the major advantages of quantitative direct observations is that differences between studies on the same phenomena can be clarified more easily with repetitive studies. Furthermore, quantitative observations can be broken down into two categories: laboratory/clinical and field observations. In a laboratory observation, the researcher has control over the physical space (Ellis, et all., 2009). Field observations take place outside a laboratory and can be non-manipulativ.
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CHAPTER FOUR :
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We want to present a couple of scenarios. In the first, the qualitative researcher does not identify any specific approach to qualitative research he or she is using. Perhaps the methods discussion is short and simply limited to the collection of face-to-face interviews. The findings of the study are presented as a thematic workup of major categories of information collected during the interviews. Contrast this with a second scenario. The researcher adopts a specific approach to qualitative research, such as a narrative research approach. Now the methods section is detailed describing the meaning of such an approach, why it was used, and how it informed the procedures of the study. The findings in this study convey the specific story of an individual, and it is told chronologically, highlighting some of the tensions in the story. Details about the specific organization in which the individual’s story takes place provide important contextual information. Which approach would you find to be the most scholarly? The most inviting? The most sophisticated? We think that you would opt for the second approach.
We need to identify our approach to qualitative inquiry in order to present it as a sophisticated study; to offer it as a specific type so that reviewers can properly assess it; and, for the beginning researcher, who can profit from having a writing structure to follow, to offer some way of organizing ideas that can be grounded in the scholarly literature of qualitative research. Of course, this beginning researcher could choose several qualitative approaches, such as narrative research and phenomenological research, but we would leave this more advanced methodological approach to more experienced researchers. We often say that the beginning researcher needs to first understand one approach thoroughly and then venture out and try another approach before combining different ways of conducting qualitative research.
This chapter will help you begin the mastery of one of the qualitative approaches to inquiry as well as to distinguish among the five approaches. We take each approach, one by one, and provide a definition, discuss its origin, identify the key defining features of it, explore the various types of ways to use it, and provide procedures involved in conducting a study within the approach. Then we consider challenges that you will likely incur as you proceed and outline the emerging directions associated with the approach. Finally, a comparison of the five approaches across foundational considerations, data procedures, and research reporting is followed.
Questions for Discussion
· What is the focus and definition for each approach (narrative research, phenomenological research, ground theory research, ethnographic research, and case study research)?
· What are the origin and background influences for each approach?
· What are the defining features of each approach?
· What various form.
IntroductionQualitative research is more concerned with descrip.docx
Introduction:
Qualitative research is more concerned with description and the subjective nature of lived experiences than with the quantification of experience for the purpose of applying statistical procedures. Their methods differ, but both qualitative and quantitative approaches attempt to understand social and behavioral phenomena by systematically collecting, organizing, analyzing, and interpreting data. As forms of disciplined inquiry, adherence to standards of rigor in the use of both qualitative and quantitative research methods reduces the likelihood of unwanted bias, thereby increasing the overall validity or credibility of findings from any given study. Sampling procedures in qualitative studies are designed to bring the researcher in contact with the participants who are most likely to provide rich data. Qualitative studies do not sample in order to provide generalizations to a larger population, so securing a sample that is representative of the larger population is not a relevant concern.
Qualitative research, in contrast to quantitative, is more emergent in that research questions are likely to evolve over the course of the study as the researcher gains insight into the nature of the phenomena being observed through several phases of data collection (Creswell, 2014, p. 4). The investigator may begin by formulating a general research question from professional experiences or observations, and as the study progresses, refine these questions. In contrast to most quantitative studies, where the bulk of the relevant literature is reviewed prior to conducting the study, a qualitative researcher may not begin reading the literature until after the first round of data collection. Qualitative research aims for a holistic view of the participant's experiences by using observation and open-ended questions in in-depth interviews.
Qualitative research methodology uses an inductive reasoning process. It is based on philosophical assumptions that are very different from those that support quantitative research. Epistemologically, knowledge comes from understanding what meanings have been given to experiences and processes from first-hand accounts of people. The nature of reality, which falls under the branch of philosophy called ontology, is socially constructed by individuals and groups of people, and thus multiple realities exist due to the different interpretative lenses people bring to their experiences. Unlike quantitative research, which some view as being value-free, the role of values (the axiological assumptions), intuition, bias, and subjective experience are an important component of what the researcher consciously and purposefully examines.
More recent philosophic traditions that have informed qualitative approaches to research include those that address the perspective of people from socially or politically marginalized populations, such as feminist, critical theory, hermeneutic, and multicultural perspectives. From these per ...
PRACTICAL RESEARCH
This document provides an overview of qualitative research methods including phenomenology, ethnography, historical research, and case studies. It defines each method and provides examples of topics that have been studied using each approach. Phenomenology seeks to understand lived experiences, ethnography studies social groups and cultures, historical research interprets past events, and case studies provide an in-depth analysis of a specific situation. The document also contrasts qualitative and quantitative research.
Case study vs Ethnography
Case Study is a method to deeply observe the characteristics of individual unit such as a person, a group or a community, in order to analyse various phenomena in relation to that unit of study.
Ethnography is a method to explore the nature of a certain social phenomenon and it tends to use unstructured data.
Qualitative Research: Importance in Daily Life
Here are brief explanations for the test questions:
1. Qualitative research is a form of social inquiry that focuses on understanding and interpreting how people make sense of their experiences and the world in which they live. It involves collecting and analyzing non-numerical data to understand concepts, perceptions and experiences.
2. The three basic types of research approaches are:
- Scientific approach - deals with empirical data and allows control of variables. Uses quantitative methods.
- Naturalistic approach - people-oriented and focuses on understanding real meanings and social relations. Uses qualitative methods.
- Triangulation/mixed method - combines research designs, data collection and analysis techniques to enhance validity.
The naturalistic approach is people-oriented and focuses on
Practical Research 3 qualitative importance.pptx
Here are brief explanations for the test questions:
1. Qualitative research is a form of social inquiry that focuses on understanding and interpreting how people make sense of their experiences and the world in which they live. It involves collecting and analyzing non-numerical data to understand concepts, opinions, or experiences.
2. The three types of approach to research are:
- Scientific approach - Uses empirical data, controls variables, and presents findings quantitatively
- Naturalistic approach - Focuses on understanding real human behavior and social relations qualitatively
- Triangulation/mixed method - Combines research designs, data collection, and analysis techniques to enhance validity
The naturalistic approach focuses on discovering the real meanings behind people's lifest
2. qualitative research design.pdf
This chapter discusses six common qualitative research designs: phenomenological studies, ethnographic studies, grounded theory studies, historical studies, case studies, and action research studies. Phenomenological studies examine human experiences through descriptions provided by subjects. Ethnographic studies involve collecting data about cultural groups through participant observation and interviews. Grounded theory studies develop theories grounded in collected data through constant comparison and identifying concepts. Historical studies seek to relate past events to the present through identifying, evaluating, and synthesizing data from the past. Case studies provide an in-depth analysis of a person, group, or situation. Action research studies aim to solve an immediate problem and create social change through participatory research.
4-Phenomenological research and grounded theory are common metho
4-Phenomenological research and grounded theory are common methods of conducting qualitative research.
Similarities:
· Both collect data from their subjects’ perceptions and perspectives
· Both do their best to make sure their findings are not influenced by preconceived notions or judgments
· Both explore their participants’ personal experiences
· Both seek understanding the meaning of events and experiences on peoples’ lives, (Driessnack, 2007)
Differences:
· Phenomenological research focuses on understanding the impact an experience has on a person’s life. The only sources of information are the people experiencing the event (phenomena). This type of research is often limited to interviews only, (Driessnack, 2007)
· Grounded theory research includes a variety of data sources, including diaries, observations, images, and past research. They compare the data they collected with older data and look for differences and contradictions, as well as social patterns.
References
Driessnack, M., Sousa, V. D., & Mendes, I. C. (2007). An overview of research designs relevant to nursing: part 2: qualitative research designs.
5-“The purpose of phenomenological research is to provide a thorough description of a lived experience. Some researchers will summarize their findings with a written summary that combines the findings into a thorough description or an exemplar of the experience” (Grove 70).
“Grounded theory research is an inductive technique that emerged from the discipline of sociology. The term grounded means the theory developed from the research has its roots in the data from which it was derived. Most scholars base the grounded theory methodology on symbolic interaction theory. George Herbert Mead (Mead, 1934), a social psychologist, developed symbolic interaction theory, which involves exploring how people define reality and how their beliefs are related to their actions. Reality is created by attaching meanings to situations. Meaning is expressed in such symbols as words, religious objects, patterns of behavior, and clothing. These symbolic meanings are the basis for actions and interactions. However, symbolic meanings are different for each individual, and we cannot completely know the symbolic meanings for another individual” (Grove 70-71).
“Grounded theory has been used most frequently to study areas in which little previous research has been conducted and to gain a new viewpoint in familiar areas of research. Through their interviews to understand the perspectives of persons who were dying, Glaser and Strauss (1967) developed grounded theory research as a method and published a book describing it as a qualitative method. Nurses were attracted to the method because of its applicability to the life experiences of persons with health problems and its potential for developing explanations of human behavior (Wuerst, 2012)” (Grove 71).
“Ethnographic research was developed by ...
Case Studies
This presentation gives a brief overview of what a case study is, the different types of case studies, the strengths, and weaknesses this method of investigation. It also includes an example of a case study, and how a it can be used in an investigation.
Goup 2 reseach work.pptx
The document summarizes different qualitative research designs including phenomenological, ethnographic, grounded theory, historical, case study, and action research approaches. It provides definitions and examples of each approach. For phenomenology, an example study examines the lived experiences of mothers of suicidal adolescents. For ethnography, a study looks at school-based support groups for adolescents with addicted parents.
Classifying Qualities (Qualitative Research)
This document provides an overview of qualitative research presented in a lecture. It discusses the different forms of research including scientific, humanities, and artistic research. It also defines qualitative research as exploring human complexity through naturalistic inquiry. Key differences between qualitative and quantitative research are outlined such as qualitative research using small, purposefully selected sample sizes and semi-structured instruments to understand individual experiences. Common types of qualitative research described include grounded theory, phenomenology, ethnography, historical research, case studies, and narrative analysis. Examples are provided for each type to illustrate their applications.
lesson34-180814142725.pptx
Here are brief explanations for the test questions:
1. Qualitative research is a form of social inquiry that focuses on understanding and interpreting how people make sense of their experiences and the world in which they live.
2. The three types of approach to research are: scientific approach, naturalistic approach, and triangulation/mixed method. The naturalistic approach focuses on discovering the real meaning behind people's lifestyles and social relations in a natural setting using qualitative methods like interviews.
3. Hard sciences like biology, chemistry and physics study natural phenomena using quantitative, objective and experimental methods. Soft sciences like sociology, psychology and history study human behavior and social phenomena using qualitative, subjective methods focused on meaning and discovery through interpretation.
Case study in psychology
Familiarizing Case Study as a Research Method in Qualitative Psychological Research. Design, Conduction and Reporting are Covered. A step-by-step guide with a Philosophical justification
Phenomenology research methodology
This document provides an overview of phenomenological research methodology. It discusses key aspects of the methodology, including that there is no single defined method and the researcher should follow the principles of studying lived human experiences. It outlines some common data collection techniques used, such as interviews and participant observation. It also discusses some limitations, such as difficulties generalizing findings, and advantages, like obtaining in-depth understanding of phenomena. Overall, the document serves as an introduction to phenomenological research methodology, its techniques and flexibility in application.
Naidu and Darong 2015. When Illness is more than just a Sick Body
This document discusses a study that explored how isiZulu-speaking nurses in South Africa understand illness and healing. The study was conducted through ethnographic research including interviews and observation of nurses at a hospital in Durban, South Africa. The findings suggest that the nurses viewed illness as something wrong with the physical body, and understood sickness in relation to the body not functioning normally due to various causes like allergies, weather conditions, or dust inhalation. The nurses acknowledged that their understandings of illness are influenced by both their nursing training and traditional cultural beliefs.
Case Study in Qualitative Research
Definitions of case study, categories of case study, types of case study and advantages or disadvantages of case study
casestudy.ppt
Cook I
Marriott International, Inc - Al-Ayn
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Supervisor-Restaurant
Marriott International, Inc - Sharjah
رقم الوظيفة 23013183 التصنيفات Food and Beverage & Culinary الموقع Sheraton Sharjah Beach Resort & Spa, Al Muntazah Street, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates...
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300 words agree or disagree to each questionQ1.There are.docx
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IntroductionQualitative research is more concerned with descrip.docx
IntroductionQualitative research is more concerned with descrip.docx
4-Phenomenological research and grounded theory are common metho
4-Phenomenological research and grounded theory are common metho
Naidu and Darong 2015. When Illness is more than just a Sick Body
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WHAT WAS OBSERVED?
Two boys were exploring the outdoors and found a small frog. The teacher recognized their high interest and determined that this was an appropriate topic for a study. Their experience in nature provided the interest and stimulus for a long-term project on frogs. The teacher demonstrated her belief that this study could not only include informational learning but also be enriched by the use of the arts. She didn't know a lot about frogs, so she joined the children in looking for information about them. Stories provided the content for the drama about frogs, and the music selection encouraged listening and moving to the “frog music.” A group mural was created through the collaboration of several children, who created visual representations of the frog's environment. Another group of children investigated building a habitat for the frog in their classroom aquarium. All of the children were involved in active learning and used methods that matched their interests. At the conclusion of the study, the children shared their learning by making a giant book about frogs, creating a song about frogs, and demonstrating the development of the frog aquarium that emulated its outdoor environment. Finally, they returned the frog to its home, which led to their understanding that it needed to live in its natural habitat.
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100 word responseChicago style citingLink to textbook httpbo.docx
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Article is attached
The overwhelming similarities between the articles are perception of identity through self-focus or self-identity through culture. Mulvaney tells us “truth is socially constructed through language and other symbol systems” (Mulvaney, 222). And as an example, it was just such self-focus that landed Galileo in jail by asserting that the universe was sun-centered as opposed to earth centered. The people of that time had socially constructed their own truths based on their perceptions of that time, although we now know that both were incorrect. It was from this perception of correctness that power was assumed and asserted by the majority, which in this case led to Galileo’s arrest (Mulvaney 2004).
Jandt touches on an interesting fact regarding existentialism, the idea of the “other” and the idea that both the observer and the observed are changed in the process. He states, “that the observer is not independent of the observed; the observed is in some sense “created” or changed or both by the act of observation” (Jandt, 212). It is from this dynamic that Jandt speaks of that we can see the formation of societal roles, i.e. the roles of those in positions of power and those in a subservient roles.
The interesting culmination of the information from all three articles is that the process is not a stagnant one, but rather one that can, and often times does change. Through introspective analysis, asking ourselves the question “Who am I?” we can embrace our cultural differences and through the acceptance of our individual qualities can take back some of the power that was perhaps lost (Jandt, 210). For example, take the labels “Feminist” and “Gay” along with “queer” and “Chicano,” which were certainly negative when created, have been transformed into positive labels embraced by those within each perspective community (Jandt 2004).
Works Cited
Jandt, Fred E., Dolores V. Tanno. "Decoding Domination, Encoding Self-Determination - Intercultural Comminication Research Process." In Intercultural Communication: A Global Reader, by Fred E. Jandt, 205 - 221. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Inc., 2004.
Mulvaney, Becky Michelle. "Gender Differences in Communication - An Intercultural Experience." In Intercultural Communication - A Global Reader, by Fred E. Jandt, 221 - 229. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Inc., 2004.
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100 word response to the followingBoth perspectives that we rea.docx
100 word response to the following:
Both perspectives that we read referenced Hofstede’s work. Merrit and Helmreich focused closely on Hofstede’s principles of individualism and power distance. They studied how American flight crews differed in these areas from Asian flight crews. The American flight crews proved to have much more individualism than the Asian, although power distance perceptions were mixed between pilots and flight attendants, with the flight attendants perceiving more power distance than the pilots (in Jandt, 2004). Aldridge also focused on individualism and power distance, with regards to the American culture. It is Aldridge’s thesis that it is the idea of the “natural rights of man” that underpins American culture (in Jandt, 2004, p.94). The natural rights of man are a value that is espoused by a culture with high individuality and low power distance. If man has natural rights, then he is an independent being, and in order to value all men, we must have a lower perception of the distance between those of high status and those with lower status.
I enjoyed both perspectives. I felt that the aviation study was very strong, as they were careful to make sure that they accounted for cultural differences in their measurements. I agree with the authors that although they confirmed some sociological theories and demonstrated that flight crews tend to follow their cultural norms, the study is likely skewed. In order to understand how different flight crews behave from standard Asian social norms, the surveys would have to be done from an Asian perspective and even then, there is not just one Asian culture, so that should be taken into account. We likely miss many of the subtle differences between Asian flight crews and their home culture, by not having a sensitive test to that culture.
My main complaint about Aldridge’s perspective is a lack of strong comparison to other cultures. I felt that the argument that American culture is strong based on our belief in natural human rights would have been better served by showing more comparison to other cultures that also espouse this value and/or to cultures that clearly do not. The comparison to Nazi culture was a start, but one that gets kind of old after a while, and is not a culture that is as current as I would prefer in a comparison.
Readings:
Texbook: Jandt, Fred E. (editor) Intercultural Communication: A Global Reader. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. 2004
“Human Factors on the Flight Deck: The Influence of National Culture,” Merritt and Helmreich, Jandt pages 13-27
“What is the Basis of American Culture,” Aldridge, Jandt pages 84-98
100 word response to the following
The perspectives learned this week relate to the evolution of human beings and their ability to evolve and survive. As it was state in Aldridge’s readings human beings have the capability to communicate and this ability makes them superior, than animals. All human beings came from the same land and eventually with th.
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100 word response to the following:
The point that Penetito is trying to make is that it is important for indigenous cultures to survive. He uses the case of the education of the Maori in New Zealand as an example to exhibit the declining influence of the culture because of the influence of the more dominant British culture. Penetito strengthens his argument by referencing problems that come with colonization and the negative on natives, most notably, the educational system. By attacking this one issue and using facts about the culture to enrich the discussion helps to focus his message that cultures being dominated is a bad thing. The Maori educational system has been moulded to fit the mainstream framework rather than a Maori one (Jandt, 2004, p. 173) and this creates many of the problems and contributes to the extinction of culture. He could use other examples of how colonizing countries leads to the destruction of less important areas of indigiounous cultures such as dress, language, or food in order to strengthen his arguments about the educational systems. The lack of attention in the educational field is having lasting effects on Maoris living in New Zealand and any more information he could use to support this would be important to know. Also examples of educational systems in other colonized countries, to compare and contrast them to New Zealand's would also help to influence readers. He references a report done by the Ministry of Maori Development which states that, "disparities between Maori and non-Maori in a variety of economic sectors such as employment and income" (Jandt, 2004, p. 181). The Maori are just an example of one culture that is fighting for survival out of many. The problem is that through colonization, diversity dwindles. Penetito's writing is valid for all endangered languages because all cultures can use it as a template and useful knowledge for preserving their cultures before they are completely gone.
Textbook: Jandt, F. (2004). Intercultural Communication:A Global Reader. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications Inc.
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100 word response to the following:
I would like to ask a provocative question, or two.
Given that all of the indigenous languages in the USA are on the brink of extinction, should there be federal funding to protect these languages and these cultures?
Along the same lines, what do you think of English-only initiatives? Do these aid or hurt American culture?
http://www.endangeredlanguages.com/
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100 word response to the folowingMust use Chicago style citing an.docx
The document discusses different perspectives on culture from authors Levi-Strauss and Hofstede. Levi-Strauss was interested in structuralism and the differences between cultures. He believed cultures should remain distinct from one another. Hofstede analyzed business cultures and categorized them into symbols, heroes, rituals, and values. He identified four dimensions of national cultural variation: power distance, individualism, masculinity, and uncertainty avoidance. When interacting with those from other cultures, it is important to understand these cultural dimensions and not force our own values, but rather be respectful of different perspectives and find common values to effectively communicate.
100 word response using textbook Getlein, Mark. Living with Art, 9t.docx
100 word response using textbook: Getlein, Mark. Living with Art, 9th Ed., New York: McGraw-Hill, 2010. Citing in MLA Format:
Between the Baroque and Rococo era, according to Getlein in Living with Art 2010, Rococo is a development and extension of the baroque style. Rococo is not only a play on the word baroque, but also French for rocks and shells. Rococo is known for its ornate style and several points of contrast. Baroque on the other hand was an art of cathedrals and palaces (Getlein p. 397). The Mirror Room of the Amailienburg in Nymphenburg is a great example of the Rococo style of art with its gentle pastels, overall intimacy, multiple mirrors and its illusion of the sky and with that baroque is large in scale and rococo is lighter. According to Getlein p. 398, Rococo architecture first originated in France but was soon exported, some examples of this type of art are found in Germany. Hall of mirrors on page 392 by Charles Le Brun is an example of baroque art, it is a more intense piece of work that is more vibrant and energetic vice the lighter decoration s used in The Mirror Room.
100 word response using textbook: Getlein, Mark. Living with Art, 9th Ed., New York: McGraw-Hill, 2010. Citing in MLA Format:
The Renaissance covered the period from 1400 to 1600, which brought numerous changes that included new techniques in art, the way art was viewed, and how people viewed themselves. The term renaissance means "rebirth" and it refers to the renewal of interest in Roman and Greek cultures. During the period scholars who called themselves humanists believed in the pursuit of knowledge and striving to reach their full creative and intellectual potential. This new way of thinking had many impacts for art during this period. Artists became interested in observing the natural world and studied new techniques on how to accurately depict it. Various techniques were developed such as the effect of light known as chiaroscuro; noting that distant objects appeared smaller than nearer ones they developed linear perspective; seeing how detail and colored blurred with distance, they developed atmospheric perspective. (Getlein page 361) The nude also reappeared in art, for the body was one of God's most noble creations; an example of this can be seen in figure 16.8 the statue of David, by the artist Michelangelo. (Getlein page 368) The primary difference between the Renaissance and the prior period of time was that artists were no longer viewed craftsmen, they were now recognized as intellectuals. (Getlein page 362)
The Northern Renaissance developed more gradually than in Italy. Northern artists did not live among the ruins of Rome nor did they share the Italians’ sense of a personal link to the creators of the Classical past; thus affecting the focus and characteristics between the two cultures. (Getlein page 374) Renaissance artists in northern Europe focused more on small details of the visible world, such as decoration or the outer appearanc.
100 word response to the following. Must cite properly in MLA.Un.docx
This document summarizes key differences between Egyptian and Islamic architecture and art. It notes that unlike Egyptians, Muslims did not create statues or idols in their mosques due to Islamic doctrine prohibiting images of animate beings. Instead, Islamic architecture used geometry and plants in designs like the Egyptian pyramids. Mosques featured grand designs incorporating textiles, brick, ceramics and calligraphy. A popular example is the Cordoba mosque in Spain, which utilized Roman and Byzantine architectural techniques like arches and domes. Overall, Islamic art and architecture focused more on imagination than depicting history visually like Egyptian art.
100 original, rubric, word count and required readings must be incl.docx
This document outlines the requirements for an assignment involving a strategy audit report and presentation for a company. It requires conducting an internal and external assessment of the company including analyzing its value proposition, market position, competitive advantage, external environment, internal environment, SWOT analysis, and balanced scorecard. The strategy audit report must identify 5-7 strategic issues, provide recommendations in areas like products, structure, culture, and performance measures, and explain how the recommendations will help achieve the company's strategy and vision. It includes appendices with previously completed analyses. The assignment aims to integrate all coursework into a comprehensive strategy audit for a company.
100 or more wordsFor this Discussion imagine that you are speaki.docx
Play is important for children to learn and develop. Through play, children learn skills like problem solving, motor skills, social skills, and cognitive development. Parents and childcare professionals can encourage play by providing toys and opportunities for pretend play, outdoor active play, and creative arts to support children's learning and development.
10. (TCOs 1 and 10) Apple, Inc. a cash basis S corporation in Or.docx
10.
(TCOs 1 and 10) Apple, Inc. a cash basis S corporation in Orange, Texas, formerly was a C corporation. Apple has the following assets and liabilities on January 1, 2010, the date the S election is made:
Adjusted Basis
Fair Market Value
Cash
$200,000
$200,000
Accounts receivable
-0-
$105,000
Equipment
$110,000
$100,000
Land
$1,800,000
$2,500,000
Accounts payable
-0-
$110,000
During 2010, Apple collects the accounts receivable and pays the accounts payable. The land is sold for $3 million, and taxable income for the year is $590,000. What is Apple's built-in gains tax?
(Points : 5)
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10-12 slides with Notes APA Style ReferecesThe prosecutor is getti.docx
10-12 slides with Notes APA Style Refereces
The prosecutor is getting feedback from local law enforcement officers explaining that they are discouraged from making arrests in cases of domestic violence and child abuse. They claim that they have been either not making arrests in domestic violence situations or arresting both parties when they go out on a call. It seems that abused women often go back to the abusers, and children who get removed from the homes where they have been abused often return after removal. These occurrences have been especially demoralizing to law enforcement.
One of your jobs in working as a victim witness assistant is to help educate law enforcement on the nature and behaviors involved in domestic violence and child abuse. The prosecutor’s office has decided that you should present each of these topics for the next training session:
Topic 1: Domestic violence:
Your goal is to educate law enforcement to use best practices in the investigation of domestic abuse cases. Include the following topics:
How to approach a domestic violence situation when responding to an emergency call
when the parties should be separated
how to interview parties
what information needs to be in the report and why
how best to help a victim
what laws protect victims, including the use of protection orders
why victims return to abusers
length of time it may take to stay away from their abusers
Arrests
the legal standard needed to make an arrest in a domestic violence case
What evidence should be collected at the arrest?
Are dual arrests effective law enforcement?
how to assist domestic violence victims
reluctant victims
help for victims
Topic 2: Child Abuse:
Your goal will be to educate law enforcement about the dynamics of abuse and neglect cases. Include the following topics:
signs of child abuse and categories (physical, sexual, emotional)
difference between abuse and neglect
legal description of neglect
use of guardian
ad litems
the legal standards that must be met in removal from the home
termination of parental rights
requirements of Indian Child Welfare Act (ICWA)
role of court-appointed special advocates (CASA) in child abuse and neglect cases
role of social services in abuse and neglect cases
For more information on creating PowerPoint Presentations, please visit the Microsoft Office Applications Lab.
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Discuss the advantages and problems with trailers for temporary housing, the issues for FEMA, and recommendations for improvements to the housing program. Discuss how Public Assistance was used in New York for Hurricane Sandy recovery, and why this was so different than previous housing policies.
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10. Assume that you are responsible for decontaminating materials in.docx
10. Assume that you are responsible for decontaminating materials in a large hospital.
How would you sterilize each of the following? Briefly justify your answers.
a. A mattress used by a patient with bubonic plague
b. Intravenous glucose-saline solutions
c. Used disposable syringe
d. Tissues taken from patients
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