Islam and human rights

1. ISLAM &
HUMAN RIGHTS
BY HUMA AZAM
ISLAM & HUMAN RIGHTS

2. Universal idea of Human Rights
Human Rights in Islam and
western: a comparative view
Human Rights in Islamic perspective
Foundation of Human Rights in
Islamic perspective
Document related Islamic
perspective for Human rights
Today’s Points

3. ISLAM & HUMAN RIGHTS
Questions!!
● What are Human Rights in
General??
● Why do you think it's
necessary to have human
rights??

4. ISLAM & HUMAN RIGHTS
The Idea of Universal
Human Rights
Human rights can be described as rights one
has simply because one is human. They are
the rights to especially basic freedom and
security, without which a person’s existence
would be considered less than human
All human beings are born free and equal in
dignity and rights. They are endowed with
reason and conscience and should act
towards one another in a spirit of

5. ISLAM & HUMAN RIGHTS
2. Freedom of personal life, freedom of
religion, freedom of create commission
. .
3. Freedom to create state coordination to citizen
interest and freedom to give service to citizen
1. Based on material right : safe, respectability,
and moral rights, include religion, sosial, society
Three classification of
human right in western

6. Human Rights in Islam and Western:
A comparative view
Theocentric Approach Anthropocentric Approach
Description
• having God as the central point of focus,
• consequently a religious perspective
• God is the origin of all human life, and therefore
also the original granter of all human rights 47 .
Since God is omnipotent, he knows what human
beings know not, and human knowledge is limited
(Qur’an 3:66). Therefore there is no reason for
man to make laws to protect the individual; the
divine law of God is perfected in the best interest
of the individual and the community.
Description
• anthropocentric means putting man in center place
• is a secular approach.
• International human rights law follows the
anthropocentric approach. Being based on a secular
philosophy, it grants individual rights on the sole base
of its humanity and makes no direct reference to God.
Although freedom of religion is recognized as a human
right, religion is not considered the basis for human
rights.

7. Human life in Islam is held in such high esteem that the killing of a single human
being is considered equivalent to the assassination of the whole of mankind. And
the protection of a single human life is equivalent to protection of the whole of
mankind. It is so stated in the Quran with reference to the murder of Abel by his
elder brother Cain, this being the first violation of human rights in human history.
(THE QURAN 5: 27-32)
AS QURAN SAYS!

8. • RIGHTS OF ALLAH
Huququ ALLAH
• RIGHTS OF HUMAN
Huququl Ibaad
ISLAMIC
PERSPECTIVE

9. Source Of Guidance
• The Prophet
• The ”Rightly Guided” caliphs
Islamic law/Shariah
• The Quran
• The Sunnah
• Ijma
• Qiyas
ISLAM & HUMAN RIGHTS

10. • In Islam, all about Human rights granted by God.
• Differing from Western concepts, the Human Rights in
Islam concept very perfect, clear, and holy. In Islam, all
rights are state obligations and individuals cannot be
ignored.
• Definition of Human Rights in Islam Islam has laid
down universal and fundamental rights for humanity
as a whole, which are to be observed and respected
under all circumstances. These basic rights are
associated with Islamic faith and belief because they
are divinely ordained. Thus, human rights in Islam are
religious obligations, meaning that every Muslim must
protect them and restore them if they are violated.
HUMAN RIGHTS IN ISLAM

11. Human rights discourse from an Islamic perspective draws on discussions that go
back to the eleventh century. One of the main sources is Abu Hamid Al-Ghazali
(1058–1111), who put forward what he called “the foundations of Shari’a” (Maqasid
Al-Shari’a) or “the five fundamental values” (Al-kulliyat Al-khams), namely:
• protection of religion (al-din)
• protection of life (al-nafs)
• protection of intellect (al-’aql)
• protection of lineage (al-’ird)
• protection of property (al-mal) (Alghazali 1992).
FOUNDATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS IN ISLAMIC
PERSPECTIVE

12. ISLAM & HUMAN RIGHTS
Human rights In
Islam

13. Human Rights in Islam – A. A. Mawdudi 1975 4.3.1.1 General
human rights
• The right to life
• The right to the safety of life
• Respect for the chastity of women
• The right to a basic standard of life
• Individual’s right to freedom
• .Right to justice
• Equality of human beings.
• .The right to cooperate and not cooperate
• Mawdudi’s document has obvious shortcomings in reaching up to the standards of international
human rights, such as set in the UN documents. Unlike the next three documents . It is simply a
conservative Muslim’s description of what rights are included in the Qur’an and Sharía. The
document can however be seen as authoritative doctrine, and are relevant as a guideline for many
Muslims. The document avoids many sensitive questions, and the fields in which the Sharía is hard
to adjust to international law are often carefully avoided.

14. The Universal Islamic Declaration of Human Rights
(UIDHR)
• The UIDHR was promulgated in 1981 at the UNESCO headquarters in Paris. The
document was prepared by representatives from Pakistan, Egypt, Saudi-Arabia, and
other countries in the Islamic Council, a London based organization affiliated with the
Muslim World League, an international NGO with its headquarters in Saudi-Arabia
• The UIDHR is a good example of a human rights declaration based on a theocentric
foundation of values. Already in the preamble it is made very clear that the
declaration and the rights in it have a religious focus, and although it does make an
effort to measure up to the international standards, it will not work in the same
manner as a secular human rights document. This would on the other hand probably
apply to most human rights documents with a religious base. Few religions are as
focused on individual rights as the enlightenment philosophies inspiring the western
human rights ideas are.

15. The Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam CDHRI
1990
The Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam, in both an English and an
Arabic version, were submitted to the UN by the Organization of the Islamic
Conference (OIC) prior to the World Conference on Human rights in Vienna in
199384
Despite the lack of a unified stance on human rights within the Arab world, certain
legal frameworks have played a significant role in shaping the discourse. The Cairo
Declaration on Human Rights in Islam (CDHRI) ( Organization of the Islamic
Conference 1990 ) and the Arab Charter on Human Rights (ACHR) ( League of Arab
States 2004 ) are particularly noteworthy, as they have had a direct impact on the
discussion of human rights in the Arab world and have been particularly influential
in human rights literature published in Arabic.

16. Arab Charter of Human Rights 1994
• Compared to the UIDHR and the Cairo Declaration, the Arab Charter of
Human Rights is far more adjusted to the international human rights
standards of the UDHR and the two Covenants. No direct references are
made to the Sharía. Nothing in the articles indicates that a theocratic
value forms the moral foundation of the declaration. But the Charter still
lacks some components that would make it a fully equal alternative to
the UN documents. It is also worth mentioning again, that the Arab
Charter has not yet been ratified by the states of the Arab League, and
therefore it has no legal significance.

17. THANK YOU
Looking forward to
your Questions !!

18. Contact Me
humaazam037@gmail.com +923212586516
www.humaazam.wordpress.com