Managing Economic Transformation and Value Chains Development: What Role for SADC Member States and the SADC Secretariat?
5-6 April 2016, Cresta Hotel, Gaborone, Botswana
Roundtable for Enhancing Inter-Regional Cooperation on Agenda 2030 - Presentation made at the ACP House
Isabelle Ramdoo
Deputy Head,
Economic Transformation Programme
Brussels, 30 – 31 March 2016
The Brussels Development Briefing n.47 on the subject of “Regional Trade in Africa: Drivers, Trends and Opportunities” took place on 3rd February 2017 in Brussels at the ACP Secretariat (Avenue Georges Henri 451, 1200 Brussels) from 09:00 to 13:00. This Briefing was organised by the ACP-EU Technical Centre for Agricultural and Rural Cooperation (CTA), in collaboration with IFPRI, the European Commission / DEVCO, the ACP Secretariat, and CONCORD .
Managing Economic Transformation and Value Chains Development: What Role for SADC Member States and the SADC Secretariat?
5-6 April 2016, Cresta Hotel, Gaborone, Botswana
Roundtable for Enhancing Inter-Regional Cooperation on Agenda 2030 - Presentation made at the ACP House
Isabelle Ramdoo
Deputy Head,
Economic Transformation Programme
Brussels, 30 – 31 March 2016
The Brussels Development Briefing n.47 on the subject of “Regional Trade in Africa: Drivers, Trends and Opportunities” took place on 3rd February 2017 in Brussels at the ACP Secretariat (Avenue Georges Henri 451, 1200 Brussels) from 09:00 to 13:00. This Briefing was organised by the ACP-EU Technical Centre for Agricultural and Rural Cooperation (CTA), in collaboration with IFPRI, the European Commission / DEVCO, the ACP Secretariat, and CONCORD .
Having overtaken the US as Africa's largest trading partner China continues to deepen its ties with the region. Here is a snapshot of the story so far.
Lawyer in Vietnam Oliver Massmann Interview with Caijing Magazine on the Tran...Dr. Oliver Massmann
Lawyer in Vietnam Oliver Massmann Interview with Caijing Magazine on the Trans Pacific Partnership Agreement and Institutional Reform and Competitiveness of Vietnam
AU Permanent Mission in Brussels
Workshop - Assessing the Progress and Challenges in the Implementation of Addis Ababa Agenda for Action (AAAA)
Wednesday, 21 September, 2016
Luckystar Miyandazi & Faten Aggad
ECDPM
Economic and government policies – United Kingdom – June 25, 2016paul young cpa, cga
GDP Growth
Trade
Canada and UK Trade
GDP / Sector
Debt to GDP
Deficits/Surplus
Business Taxation
Payroll Taxes
Foreign Direct Investment
Banking/Financial Services Sector
Government
Over the last two decades, South Africa has made notable strides in moving away from the legacy of its apartheid
past and in consolidating the institutions and practices of democracy.
Doing Business, South Africa measures business regulations and their enforcement in 9 urban areas and 4 major ports.
Francesco Rampa
Head of Food Security Programme, ECDPM
28 September 2016, Pre-conference workshop at the Annual German Agricultural Economics Conference (GEWISOLA) 2016.
Comparing EAC, SADC and ECOWAS EPAs: What can ESA EPA draw from them?
Isabelle Ramdoo
ECDPM Deputy Programme Manager
24-25 November 2014
Harare, Zimbabwe
Will EPAs foster dynamism or kick away the ladder?
WTO Public Forum
Kenya Human Rights Commission Session
Isabelle Ramdoo,
Deputy Head,
Economic Transformation and Trade Programme
1st October, 2014
Geneva, Switzerland
Having overtaken the US as Africa's largest trading partner China continues to deepen its ties with the region. Here is a snapshot of the story so far.
Lawyer in Vietnam Oliver Massmann Interview with Caijing Magazine on the Tran...Dr. Oliver Massmann
Lawyer in Vietnam Oliver Massmann Interview with Caijing Magazine on the Trans Pacific Partnership Agreement and Institutional Reform and Competitiveness of Vietnam
AU Permanent Mission in Brussels
Workshop - Assessing the Progress and Challenges in the Implementation of Addis Ababa Agenda for Action (AAAA)
Wednesday, 21 September, 2016
Luckystar Miyandazi & Faten Aggad
ECDPM
Economic and government policies – United Kingdom – June 25, 2016paul young cpa, cga
GDP Growth
Trade
Canada and UK Trade
GDP / Sector
Debt to GDP
Deficits/Surplus
Business Taxation
Payroll Taxes
Foreign Direct Investment
Banking/Financial Services Sector
Government
Over the last two decades, South Africa has made notable strides in moving away from the legacy of its apartheid
past and in consolidating the institutions and practices of democracy.
Doing Business, South Africa measures business regulations and their enforcement in 9 urban areas and 4 major ports.
Francesco Rampa
Head of Food Security Programme, ECDPM
28 September 2016, Pre-conference workshop at the Annual German Agricultural Economics Conference (GEWISOLA) 2016.
Comparing EAC, SADC and ECOWAS EPAs: What can ESA EPA draw from them?
Isabelle Ramdoo
ECDPM Deputy Programme Manager
24-25 November 2014
Harare, Zimbabwe
Will EPAs foster dynamism or kick away the ladder?
WTO Public Forum
Kenya Human Rights Commission Session
Isabelle Ramdoo,
Deputy Head,
Economic Transformation and Trade Programme
1st October, 2014
Geneva, Switzerland
The Transatlantic Colussus - We have to broaden the debate on TTIPOle Wintermann
‘The Transatlantic Colossus: Global Contributions to Broaden the Debate on the EU-US Free Trade Agreement’ (2014), a publication from the Berlin Forum on Global Politics in collaboration with the Internet & Society Collaboratory and FutureChallenges.org of the Bertelsmann Stiftung.
http://futurechallenges.org/local/news/global-contributions-to-broaden-the-debate-on-the-eu-us-free-trade-agreement/
Economic Partnership Agreements: Current situation and future prospects
27th Meeting of the ACP-EU Economic and Social Interests Groups
EESC, 30-31 October 2014
Isabelle Ramdoo
Deputy Head,
Economic Transformation and Trade Programme
Deep Provision in Regional Trade Agreements: How Multilateral Friendly?(Febru...Ira Kristina Lumban Tobing
In recent years, many countries have actively sought to establish new bilateral and regional trade agreements (RTAs) to increase trade and spur economic growth. The current proliferation of RTAs reflects, in part, a demand for deeper integration than what has been achieved by older multilateral agreements. To the extent that they go beyond commitments made in the WTO and remain open to additional participation by countries committed to meeting their standards, RTAs can indeed complement the multilateral trading system.
It involves 12 countries: the US, Japan, Malaysia, Vietnam, Singapore, Brunei, Australia, New Zealand, Canada, Mexico, Chile and Peru.
The pact aims to deepen economic ties between these nations, slashing tariffs and fostering trade to boost growth.
Member countries are also hoping to foster a closer relationship on economic policies and regulation.
The agreement could create a new single market something like that of the EU.
Pretty big indeed. The 12 countries have a collective population of about 800 million - almost double that of the European Union's single market. The 12-nation would-be bloc is already responsible for 40% of world trade.
The deal is a remarkable achievement given the very different approaches and standards within the member countries, including environmental protection, workers' rights and regulatory coherence - not to mention the special protections that some countries have for certain industries
181 Chapter 6Supranational Organizations and Intern.docxaulasnilda
181
Chapter 6
Supranational Organizations
and International Institutions
“Mankind always takes up only such problems as it thinks it can solve.”
—Albert O. Hirschman
Chapter ObjeCtives
this chapter will:
• Identify major international trade organizations, such as the World Trade
Organization and the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development,
and the roles they play in shaping the international business environment
• Describe the major financial institutions, such as the World Bank and
the International Finance Corporation, and the assistance they provide in
channeling financial resources to developing countries
• Review the growth of regional financial institutions and their important
positions as providers of financial resources
BaCkground
Increasing economic, financial, and commercial interdependence among nations of the
world after World War II created a need to coordinate international action and policies
to secure the smooth flow of trade. Apart from regular, periodic meetings of officials
and business leaders from different countries, these nations recognized a need for the
establishment of permanent organizations to provide stability and continuity to the
process of international economic interchange. Some supranational bodies were set
up in the period immediately following World War II, while more were established
Co
py
ri
gh
t
@
20
15
.
Ro
ut
le
dg
e.
Al
l
ri
gh
ts
r
es
er
ve
d.
M
ay
n
ot
b
e
re
pr
od
uc
ed
i
n
an
y
fo
rm
w
it
ho
ut
p
er
mi
ss
io
n
fr
om
t
he
p
ub
li
sh
er
,
ex
ce
pt
f
ai
r
us
es
p
er
mi
tt
ed
u
nd
er
U
.S
.
or
a
pp
li
ca
bl
e
co
py
ri
gh
t
la
w.
EBSCO : eBook Collection (EBSCOhost) - printed on 12/12/2018 2:22 PM via BARRY UNIV
AN: 929355 ; Ajami, Riad A., Goddard, G. Jason.; International Business : Theory and Practice
Account: s8987890.main.ehost
182 Chapter 6 • Supranational Organizations and International Institutions
in the following decades. Two major categories of international organizations can be
identified as those having a global focus and those set up to meet the needs of particular
regions.
general agreeMent on tariFFs and trade
The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) was established initially as
a temporary measure to reduce trade barriers among its founding members. Since its
inception in 1947, GATT evolved into a permanent body to include most industrial and
developing countries, excluding those of the socialist bloc.
GATT was originally established to avoid the kind of competitive protectionism
that had plagued international trade in the period between the two world wars, which
was reflected in high tariff barriers and a major slump in trade volumes. The objectives
of GATT—liberalization of international trade restrictions and the lowering of tariff
barriers—were to be achieved by multilateral negotiations and voluntarily agreed-upon
rules of conduct. As a permanent international body, GAT ...
This deck was presented during the workshop for media at the launch of Khazanah Research Institute's Why Trade Matters publication. The publication examines among others, how international trade and trade policies affect our economy and our daily life.
The presentation will focus on exploring the concept of regional economic integration and how it has been implemented in different regions across the world. The presentation deals with an overview of the different types of regional economic integration, including free trade areas, customs unions, common markets, and economic unions.
Jeske van Seters
Head of Programme Private Sector Engagement
European Centre for Development Policy Management (ECDPM)
Brussels, 23 November 2017 – EBCAM General Assembly
Informal CODEV/COHAFA meeting
24-25 July 2017, Tallinn, Estonia
Volker Hauck/ ECDPM
(with thanks to UN-OCHA and Cell for Coordination and Liaison (CCL) for sharing slides)
Addressing the hunger-poverty nexus:
what policy coherence means for the 2030 Agenda
James Mackie, ECDPM
UN HLPF 2017 – Side Event: Finland, Netherlands, Switzerland, ECDPM & CFS
New York, 12 July 2017
Policy Coherence & the 2030 Agenda
Building on the PCD experience
James Mackie, Martin Ronceray & Eunike Spierings
EU PCD Focal Points meeting – Brussels, 22 February 2017
On 6 July 2016, ECDPM's Hanne Knaepen gave a presentation on “climate financing challenges” at the 3rd Meeting of the EU-Africa Network of Economic and Social Stakeholders, organised by ECOSOC in Nairobi.
Session 3:10 – SDG Towards Coherence
From PCD to PCSD
James Mackie PhD
Head of Learning & Quality Support, ECDPM
Visiting Professor, IRD Dept, College of Europe
University of Amsterdam, 29 June 2016
01062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
CLICK:- https://firstindia.co.in/
#First_India_NewsPaper
In a May 9, 2024 paper, Juri Opitz from the University of Zurich, along with Shira Wein and Nathan Schneider form Georgetown University, discussed the importance of linguistic expertise in natural language processing (NLP) in an era dominated by large language models (LLMs).
The authors explained that while machine translation (MT) previously relied heavily on linguists, the landscape has shifted. “Linguistics is no longer front and center in the way we build NLP systems,” they said. With the emergence of LLMs, which can generate fluent text without the need for specialized modules to handle grammar or semantic coherence, the need for linguistic expertise in NLP is being questioned.
‘वोटर्स विल मस्ट प्रीवेल’ (मतदाताओं को जीतना होगा) अभियान द्वारा जारी हेल्पलाइन नंबर, 4 जून को सुबह 7 बजे से दोपहर 12 बजे तक मतगणना प्रक्रिया में कहीं भी किसी भी तरह के उल्लंघन की रिपोर्ट करने के लिए खुला रहेगा।
role of women and girls in various terror groupssadiakorobi2
Women have three distinct types of involvement: direct involvement in terrorist acts; enabling of others to commit such acts; and facilitating the disengagement of others from violent or extremist groups.
31052024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
CLICK:- https://firstindia.co.in/
#First_India_NewsPaper
03062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
CLICK:- https://firstindia.co.in/
#First_India_NewsPaper
हम आग्रह करते हैं कि जो भी सत्ता में आए, वह संविधान का पालन करे, उसकी रक्षा करे और उसे बनाए रखे।" प्रस्ताव में कुल तीन प्रमुख हस्तक्षेप और उनके तंत्र भी प्रस्तुत किए गए। पहला हस्तक्षेप स्वतंत्र मीडिया को प्रोत्साहित करके, वास्तविकता पर आधारित काउंटर नैरेटिव का निर्माण करके और सत्तारूढ़ सरकार द्वारा नियोजित मनोवैज्ञानिक हेरफेर की रणनीति का मुकाबला करके लोगों द्वारा निर्धारित कथा को बनाए रखना और उस पर कार्यकरना था।
Is there a life after EPAs? The future of EU-Africa trade relations
1. The future of EU-Africa trade
relations
Isabelle Ramdoo
ECDPM
24 July 2014
Is there a life after
EPAs?
2. Part 1 : State of play of the relationship between EU and African
regions/countries
• Who’s in? Who’s out?
• What’s in? What’s out?
• What now?
Part II: EU trade relations with third parties: what implications
for EU-Africa trade ties?
• Mega trade deals
Part III: Conclusion: some suggestions
Structure of the presentation
Page 2ECDPM
3. PART I
BRIEF OVERVIEW OF EU-AFRICA
RELATIONSHIP
EPAs: WHO’S IN? WHO’S OUT?
WHAT’S IN? WHAT’S OUT?
WHAT NOW?
ECDPM Page 3
8. The current EPAs are about trade in goods. Services, TRIPs and other
trade-related issues are not included. Most of them are in a RDV clause but
there is no hurry and no specific timeline to conclude on these.
Critical issues – domestic support to EU farmers for instance, have not been
fully captured. Still left to multilateral negotiations but with slow progress
at the WTO, these may not be addressed soon;
Still too many trade arrangements governing trade between EU and Africa:
EPAs, EBA, GSP, DCFTA with North Africa. No mention on how to address
these inconsistencies, that are a serious barrier to building regional
markets and value chains (cumulation does not work well among those
regimes)
Most regions (except for WA) have only an FTA, with no financial package
attached to it to address fiscal challenges EPAs could bring, and a limited
focus on “development”. Remember EPA was supposed to be about
development….
What’s out?
ECDPM Page 8
9. • The way EPAs are designed currently:
will maintain the status quo in terms
of trade flows (i.e maintain access to
EU for unprocessed goods)
• Implication for BIAT? Some major
concerns as they lock region in their
current configuration – how to you
address overlapping memberships or
enlargement of existing blocks with
EPAs?
• Preferences: Countries still give
more preferences to EU (ie DFQF) than
to their sister RECS. Are we now
prepared to extend such preferences
to ourselves?
• Enter Mega trade deals: Today EU’s
FTAs account for less than 40% of its
total trade – 60% IS STILL NOT
COVERED
What implications on the African agenda?
ECDPM Page 9
10. • Legally: countries that have “initialed” new EPAs or taking steps to sign
and ratify existing interim EPAs will preserve MA; others will be added to
GSP; Any UMIC might lose GSP after January 2016.
• Rendez-vous clauses in EPA texts on services, investment and other
trade-related issues. But no deadline and therefore no hurry. Sequencing
is crucial here
• In the mean time, EU is negotiating FTAs (and mega-deals) with its
main partners: important to closely watch them carefully and take
measures at national/regional/continental level to minimise impacts
• Use as far as possible the EPAs to get access to more favourable
treatment (including on non-tariff measures) that EU will grant to other
partners (MFN is applicable to EU as well)
• On the African side: Regional integration agenda, BIAT, CFTA, AIDA,
CAADP more important than ever to deepen regional/continental
integration and to build solid regional markets and to mitigate potential
negative impacts of EPAs
• Need to address lock-in effect of EPAs
What now?
ECDPM Page 10
11. PART II
EU TRADE AGREEMENTS WITH THIRD PARTIES
WHAT IMPLICATIONS FOR AFRICA-EU TIES?
CASE OF MEGA TRADE DEALS
ECDPM Page 11
12. • WTO negotiations are in a deadlock; Key issues about agriculture and
industrial products were not addressed in Bali
• Big players feel need to reshape global trading system as globalisation
deepens and the world become more interconnected. About 60% of
global trade is made of of trade in intermediaries. Multilateral system
does not respond to some challenges linked to that
• Strategic interest. Geopolitical rise of China – soon to be the leader in
global trade. A way for EU and US to join forces to maintain access to
key markets
• In case of EU – More than 60% of its trade is not covered by FTA.
Why mega-deals?
ECDPM Page 12
13. Who are EU’s main trading partners?
ECDPM Page 13
Source: European Commission, 2014
EU does not have a
trade agreement yet
in place with countries
representing >60% of
its trade
15. ECDPM Page 15
But mega-trade deals are becoming strategic for all bog players. Three major ones:
1.Trans-pacific partnership (TTP) – 12 countries incl. US, Japan, Canada, Australia, Singapore,
Mexico, Chile, New Zealand, Brunei, Peru, Vietnam and Malaysia.
2. Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP) between EU and US
3. Regional Comprehensive Economic Cooperation (RCEP), 16 countries of which 10 ASEAN
countries (Brunei, Myanmar, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore,
Thailand, Vietnam); Australia, China, India, Japan, S. Korea, New Zealand.
16. 1. Trade is not only about tariff, it is about
a. Regulation, standards, norms
b. Licensing practices
c. Domestic taxes
d. Investment
2. Trade is not only about trade, it is about
a. Human rights;
b. Environment;
c. Labour rights
Need to look at the future trade relationship between Europe
and Africa in a broader context – the inter-connectedness
between Europe and big players will have spill-over effects
on EU-Africa trade relations
Therefore: new approach to trade diplomacy
ECDPM Page 16
17. • Tariffs (more important for US-Pacific TTP than EU-US TTIP) and
potentially subsidies in agriculture
• Trade in services, investment (possibly including state-investors
dispute), intellectual property
• Trade-related issues such as government procurement, competition
policy, e-commerce, environment, state-owned enterprises (for TTP)
• Regulatory and non-tariff measures such as norms, standards, testing
requirements, procedures, technical regulation, food safety
Key elements of the TTIP and the TTP
ECDPM Page 17
18. • Regulatory barriers will be the heart of the EU-US negotiations
• It is estimated that av. Tariff protection on imports in EU and US range
between 2.2 – 3.3% respectively, while ad valorem tariff equivalent
protection form NTMs range between 19% - 73%.
• It is also estimated that up to 50% of those barriers could potentially be
eliminated (most optimistic scenario)
• If standards are harmonised, this will imply that non-parties to the
agreement will be requested to meet those standard to remain
competitive on the market
• Third countries (incl. African countries) will therefore face higher
compliance and trade costs if they want to maintain access to these
markets (despite their existing trade regimes with EU – EPA or not!!)
In the case of the TTIP between EU and US
ECDPM Page 18
19. Mega trade deals will NOT be mainly
about tariffs.
They will basically set new
“standards” and “norms” and will
involve far-reaching agreements on
services and investment with major
implications for product quality;
Impact will depend on the level of
dependency on countries’ trade on
EU or US market. Today, 40% of
Africa’s trade is destined to EU or
US.
Higher trade concentration, higher
risk of preference erosion or impact
of standards-taking
Where does that leave us in Africa?
ECDPM Page 19
20. Our RoO are quite flexible – good for us but means that they open the
backdoor for cheap inputs (if standards are lowered) that will impact on the
cost of production in Europe
If change in regulations are anticipated and properly managed to what we
want, flexible RoO could lead to this…
ECDPM Page 20
21. Impacts:
• According to some estimates, overall impact of EU-US TTIP is expected
to be lower than the US-Pacific TTP on African countries because trade
structures vary significantly. What we trade with EU and what US trades
with EU is quite different. In Asia, different, there is competition from
developing countries with our exports to US.
• However complementaries are high because Africa is a major supplier of
inputs and raw materials to EU and US.
• In the short term, sourcing of these products might increase. Positive for
exports, foreign exchange earning, jobs etc.
• But in the medium to long term it may have a perverse effect: may have
a lock-in effect and therefore marginalise African countries from
participation in global value chains, affecting industralisation prospects.
Hence the need to be active on our own agenda.
ECDPM Page 21
22. 1. Critical to follow the current mega-deal negotiations, as they will set the
tone for the evolving global trading system
2. African countries should on their side, take unilateral initiatives to
calibrate domestic reforms to be prepared to meet standards. Otherwise the
risk is marginalisation since you will de facto become rules takers.
3. In parallel, since the Africa group is a strong one at the WTO, ensure
that they are at the forefront in negotiations there to ensure big players do
not “multilateralise” their FTAs through WTO. There is a real role to play
there to ensure advanced countries and few large developing countries do
not have the monopoly of setting standards and rules, to impose them on
countries that did not have their say in the negotiations
Conclusion: some suggestions
ECDPM Page 22
23. 4. In regional/continental trade agenda: Ensure regulatory reforms
reflect clearly regional realities and priorities and they have sufficient
safeguards to mitigate undesirable impacts of such agreements. Regional
trade agreement, BIAT and CFTA discussions could consider strengthening
cooperation in NTMs, though possible harmonisation or mutual
recognitions, based on regional highest common denominators
5. EPAs have RDV clauses and US might ask for FTA in the future (beyond
goods): but ensure proper sequencing this time by completing
regional/continental agenda first before opening up on issues where
countries and regions are unprepared and have not measured fully the
consequences. The risk is that as EU and US conclude advanced FTAs, this
will become the standard for their future trade deals and might be difficult
to resist, if unprepared.
ECDPM Page 23
24. Thank you
for your attention
Visit our website: www.ecdpm.org
Contact: ir@ecdpm.org
Follow me on twitter: @ir_ramdoo
The powerpoint can be downloaded on
www.slideshare.net/ecdpm
Page 24