Iraq Invasion Of Kuwait Vs US Iraq War Essay

Iraq Invasion of Kuwait vs US Iraq War Essay
Iraq Invasion of Kuwait vs U.S Iraq War
Iraq and Kuwait have a long history; Kuwait played a huge part in the Iran–Iraq war, mostly financially. Open warfare began on September 22, 1980;
Iraq claimed Iran shelled a number of border posts on September 4, 1980. Kuwait funded Iraq during the Iraq–Iran war, which caused tension between
the two nations when Iraq couldn't pay the $14 billion dollars back to Kuwait when it was time to settle their debt. The Iraqi government asked Kuwait
to forgive the debt, as they could not afford to pay, Kuwait refused to forgive the debt, which increased tensions between the two nations. The United
States supported Kuwait when Iraq invaded Kuwait. During the 2003 Iraq War, the United States and United ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
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Both the Kuwaiti and Saudi Government refused to forgive the debt, which increased diplomatic tensions between the three countries.
The United States had to justify the 1991 and 2003 invasion of Iraq. In both cases the United States used Iraq's history of human rights abuses under
President Saddam Hussein. In his speech President Bush stated,
(1990) First, we seek the immediate, unconditional, and complete withdrawal of all Iraqi forces from Kuwait. Second, Kuwait's legitimate government
must be restored to replace the puppet regime. And third, my administration, as has been the case with every President from President Roosevelt to
President Reagan, is committed to the security and stability of the Persian Gulf. And fourth, I am determined to protect the lives of American citizens
abroad.
The United States and allies justified invading Iraq because of the importance of oil to the American and western economies. After annexing Kuwait,
the Iraqi government turned its eye on Saudi Arabia where tensions had existed for many years. The United States felt they had to stand and defend
a very close and important ally. The primary justifications for invading Iraq during the 2003 Iraq war was, Saddam Hussein was developing weapons
of mass destruction. The United States also used Iraq's history of human rights abuses as and excuse for invading Iraq. Finally, the United States
sought to invade Iraq to rid Iraq of their current regime and promote democracy. This was not well
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Countries Come Together in the 100 Hour War Essay
It is very interesting how there are so many countries out there and most of them with very different beliefs, cultural backgrounds, ideals, laws,
customs, religion and living very different lifestyles, but, all of that is set aside and they are all able to come together and unite for a similar cause
in order to reach a common goal. This is the case the "100 Hour War", where coalition forces joined their military assets to fight a war against Iraqi
soldiers, under Saddam Hussein's orders, to stop them from overrunning and taking over Kuwait as well as stopping the abuse and murders Iraqi
soldiers had going on against Kuwaiti citizens. The conflict started because Saddam Hussein was accusing Kuwait and the United Arab Emirates of...
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Iraqi soldiers immediately started to kill Kuwaiti citizen, abusing the women and taking hostages. Some of the first hostages the Iraqi army took were
the western expatriate workers when the Iraqis crossed the Kuwaiti border and taken back to Iraq. They used their tanks to destroy houses of Kuwaiti
citizens who showed any type of resistance to the Iraqis or simply storm in their houses, take over and doing or taking whatever it was they wanted.
Dr Fawzi al Khawari, a Kuwaiti citizen, stated "We are not dealing with human beings; we are dealing with people who came to Kuwait to destroy".
He also stated, "There were five Kuwaitis, young Kuwaitis, in their house and they killed all, not even killed, they were cut into pieces". Atrocities
committed by the Iraqi soldiers included removing infants from their incubators at hospitals and leaving them on the ground to die, according to
Nayirah, whom was a nurse working in Kuwaiti City hospital. Two days after the invasion, the Iraqi Republican Guard had already defeated the
Kuwaiti army, but some soldiers had escaped to Saudi Arabia. Upon the invasion, Saddam Hussein claimed Kuwait as the 19th province of Iraq,
controlling a very large portion of the world's oil reserves. These and other horrible acts led the United Nations to pass resolutions opposing the
invasion and demanding Iraq to withdraw. After several negotiations between Iraq and theUnited States, to include one of the

Study Area And Activity
2. Study area and materials
The study site is located in Kikori District of Gulf Province (Fig. 1). The site is a logging concession named as Vailala Block 3. The concession is
bounded by the big Purari River on the western side and Vailala River on the eastern side. The north tip which the boundary diverts fromPurari River
uses the ridge tops to join Maropo Creek that flows towards Vailala River. The boundary then continues following the Vailala River until it reaches the
coast line.
The logging operations dates back to the 1920's through initial introduction by the London Missionaries (Bell, 2015). In 1922 Wame Sawmills owned
by Europeans was established and had ties with 65 villages and by 1943 had 350 laborers (Bell, 2015). The ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Two TM images of year 1995 and 2000, two ETM+ images of 2005 and 2010 and one OLI image of year 2015 with the spatial resolution of 30m are
used to develop LULC database of the study area. ERDAS imagine 8.5 is used to perform digital image processing tasks on image data preparation,
classification and interpretation. ArcGIS 10.1 was used to create training data and for preparing statistical data for final analysis tables on areas in
hectares linkage to tons of carbon per hectare. Microsoft excel is the final application used present the final forest change and carbon stock changes
from 1995 to 2015.
Fig. 2 SFCC and FCC view of three different images of 1995, 2000 and 2005 showing a portion of the logging concession
As per fig. 2, there are no sign of logging activities found in year 1995, where as fresh selectively harvested areas depicted by very bright whitish
irregular linear patterns depicting recent logging roads showing in year 2000. This showed that the logging actually commenced before year 2000
and after 1995. In year 2005 the brightness diminishes showing and in Image F pixel color turns yellow indicating some level of regeneration.
Standard False Color Composite (FCC) for Landsat TM 5 and 7 exposes plant chlorophyll activity in leafs captured in

Managing Change of British Petroleum Essay
managing change in british petroleum
CONTENTS:
* A view of British Petroleum
* A brief description of BP incident in the Gulf of Mexico.
* Critical Evaluation of Potential changes that may take place in BP
* Evaluation the importance of change and Potential problems when implementing change
* Evaluation the effectiveness of BP strategy for managing change within the organisation
* Conclusion
* A view of British Petroleum
British Petroleum also known as BP Amoco is one of the largest petroleum industries located primarily in London. It is regarded as one of the top four
petroleum and oil petroleum firms and establishment in the global market. BP plc (British Petroleum) is an ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Efforts by multiple ships to douse the flames were unsuccessful. After burning for approximately 36 hours, the Deepwater Horizon sank on the
morning of 22 April 2010. As a result, the drilling riser running from the wellhead on the ocean floor up to the oil rig was destroyed. 24 April,
Landry announced that a damaged wellhead was indeed leaking oil into the Gulf and described it as "a very serious spill". BP has not given a cause
for the explosion. According to the US Congressional investigation the rig's blowout preventer, a fail – safe device fitted at the base of the well, built
by Cameron International Corporation, had a hydraulic leak and a failed battery, and therefore failed. * Spill flow rate
To date, almost 116,000 claims have been submitted and more than 67,500 payments have been made, totalling $207 million. The cost of the
response to date amounts to approximately $3.95 billion, including the cost of the spill response, containment, relief well drilling, grants to the Gulf

states, claims paid, and federal costs. On June 16, BP announced an agreed package of measures, including the creation of a $20 billion fund to satisfy
certain obligations arising from the oil and gas spill. * Spill area
Offshore oil and gas in the US Gulf of Mexico is a major source of oil

Operation Desert Ring Theory: The Warden's Five Rings Theory
INTRODUCTION
1.Warden's Five Rings theory is a model developed by Col. John Warden. It was first applied in a real war setting in the 1991 Gulf war incorporated
in the "Operational Thunder" offensive strategy. It was the key theory that defined Operational Thunder strategy as it was known for American Air
Power in defeating Iraq air force. The concept of the five ring model revolves around five major areas of interest that must be attacked and weekend
sufficiently before enemy forces can be defeated.
2.Warden's Five rings Model analyses Operation Desert Storm. Analysing the enemy as a system, Warden contends that all strategic entities can be
broken down into five component parts. The most crucial element of the system, the innermost ring, is leadership. Extending outward from the
leadership centre, in descending ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The USA initiated Operation Desert Shield, which was basically the build–up of troops and armament for the defence of Saudi Arabia and also as a
prelude to offensive action against Iraq in an operation codenamed Desert Storm. These operations were made by the coalition forces from 34 nations
led by the USA against Iraq in response to Iraq's invasion and annexation of Kuwait.
13.When the US and Allied forces positioned armed forces in Saudi Arabia and surrounding countries in the Persian Gulf, President George H W
Bush issued deadlines for the Iraqis to leave Kuwait. Bush bombed strategic Iraqi targets on January 17, 1991 for 100 days and then sent in Ground
Forces in February 1991. The ground campaign lasted only 100 hours.
CENTER OF GRAVITY ANALYSIS: A MODEL
14.Using accurate analysis of centers of gravity, scholars are able to recognize what was decisive in an operation, and what shaped the operations. In
this paper a model that permits insightful analysis of centers of gravity, using four inter–related concepts has been used:
a.Centers of Gravity.
b.Critical Capabilities.
c.Critical Requirements.
d.Critical

What Are The Similarities And Differences Between...
Valeriya Borissova A level Essay
Compare and Contrast
Southwest Asia & South Asia
Southwest Asia and South Asia in some ways there similar and in some different. I compare this places. Physical Geography. Southwest Asia includes
Arabian Peninsula , Syrian–Palestinian mountains, plains of Mesopotamia. The peculiarity of the geological structure African platform. Red Sea and
Syrian graben deeply lowered the northern section of the East African Rift Valley. The eastern part foredeeps Alpine age Mesopotamia and thePersian
Gulf. The peculiarity of nature with features of the climate. Dominated continental tropical air mass. The high average annual temperatures, little
rainfall – so dominated by semi–desert and desert. The oldest centers of civilization, the center of Arab culture. The richest oil reserves (over 30% of
production in the capitalist countries), gas, a number of ore deposits.Mesopotamia. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Higher in India and Pakistan. But they are an agrarian country. For all the South Asian countries are typical multi–structural and agrarian economy. The
first Europeans were delighted with the variety of patterns, colors and quality fabrics. Muslin length of 20 m was placed in a snuffbox. Accumulated
tradition in metal smelting and dressing products of iron, copper, bronze. Local products successfully withstood the foreign competition and diverged
widely by country. During the colonial period, the influx of cheap factory fabrics, iron, ceramics, paper products from England led to a massive
destruction (artisanal) South Asian industry. When the South Asian countries achieved independence, the industry was only in India. Other countries
still had to create it. The agrarian reforms carried out in many countries contributed to the growth of agricultural production. Only in Nepal and Bhutan
are still dominated by subsistence

90's Significance
The decade prior to the turn of the century is one of great great historical significance. The 90's was a decade that helped shape a generation and
make our world what it is today. There was the Gulf War,which was the first war that involved America since Vietnam and the Cold War, a
presidential scandal, and the rise of the internet. All of these events events have had a profound effect on our lives whether we realize it or not.
In August of 1990, Iraq leader Saddam Hussein, invaded the neighboring country of Kuwait in an effort to gain control over there oil reserves and
increase Iraqi power because the more oil you have today the more powerful you become as everybody needs oil for almost everything. The United
Nations called for Iraq to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Iraq posed a threat to Saudi Arabia, which was the world largest oil producer and exporter.(https://www.britanica.com/evem/persian–gulf–war/) The
United States began building an alliance with countries against Iraq. The purpose for this was to force Iraq to leave Kuwait immediately. The U.S.
and allies began to rush troops to Saudi Arabia to avoid an attack. The joining of these countries was the first part of the plan they called "Operation
Desert Shield." In November of 1990, it had been authorized to use force if Iraq didn't leave Kuwait. By January, the alliance was 700,000 troops
strong, 540,000 of these troops was U.S. personnel.(https://www.britanica.com/evem/persian–gulf–war/) Hussein refused to withdraw from Kuwait. On
January 16, 1991, the U.S. led an aerial strike, Operation Desert Shield had began and continued on for the next several weeks.(https:/
/www.britanica.com/evem/persian–gulf–war/) They targeted military related sites in Iraq and Kuwait. When the air strikes had ended is when the
ground fighting began. It did not last long however, Iraqi soldiers either surrendered or fled within a few days and the Iraqi army was forced out of
Kuwait. Military operations was

Who Is Hernando De Soto
Hernanado DeSoto
BY:MARKAYLA HURD
Hernando de Soto was a Spanish explorer and conquistador who led the first European expedition deep into the territory of the modern–day United
States. He is the first European documented as having crossed the Mississippi River. Wikipedia
Born: 1500, Province of Badajoz, Spain
Died: May 21, 1542, Mississippi River
Nationality: Spanish
Spouse: InГ©s de Bobadilla (m. 1537–1542)
Siblings: Catalina de Soto, Maria de Soto, Juan Mendez de Soto
De Soto's North American expedition was a vast undertaking. It ranged throughout the southeastern United States, both searching for gold, reported by
various Indian tribes and earlier explorers, and a passage to China or the Pacific coast. De Soto died in 1542 on the banks of the Mississippi River[5] in
what is now Guachoya, Arkansas or Ferriday, Louisiana.
Hernando de Soto was born c. 1500 in Jerez de los Caballeros, Spain. In the early 1530s, while on Francisco Pizarro's expedition, de Soto helped
conquer Peru. In 1539 he set out for North America, where he discovered the Mississippi River. De Soto died of fever on May 21, 1542, in Ferriday,
Louisiana. In his will, de Soto named Luis de Moscoso Alvarado the new leader of the expedition.
Early Life
Explorer and conquistador Hernando de Soto was born c. 1500 to a noble but poor family in Jerez de los Caballeros, Spain. He was raised at the family
manor. A generous patron named Pedro Arias DГ
Ўvila funded de Soto's education at the

Iraq Essay
The Republic of Iraq is a country that has gone through extreme damages due to multiple wars causing a lot of harm to its people, wildlife, and the
environment. It is a country governed by democracy and is rich in history as it became independent from Britain and Saddam Hussein's Ba'ath Party.
Air Defense Artillery was able to show its capabilities when they intercepted a tactical ballistic missile that was launched from Iraq during Operation
Iraqi Freedom in 2013. Because of this event, Kuwait was eager to work closely with The United States and expand its own air defense, which lead to
the Kuwaitis intercepting another tactical ballistic missile launched once again from Iraq. Firstly, located in Western Asia, Iraq's capital and... Show
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Oil wells were set on fire after the Gulf war; spreading toxic smoke hundreds of miles across the region and the destruction of the chemical facilities
caused more toxins into the air, soil, and water of the entire region (Iraqi Cultural Orientation, 2011). In addition, after the Treaty of Sevres divided
the Ottoman Empire in 1920, the League of Nations established the modern borders of Iraq. Thus, placed under the authority of the United Kingdom
as the British Mandate of Mesopotamia. In 1921, the Kingdom of Iraq established a monarchy, and later gained independence from Britain in 1932.
In 1958, the monarchy was overthrown and the Iraqi Republic created. The Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party from 1968 until 2003 controlled Iraq. After an
invasion by the United States and its allies in 2003, removing Saddam Hussein's Ba'ath Party from power. In 2005, Multi–party parliamentary elections
gave the people of Iraq the option to vote. Republic of Iraq is now a parliamentary democracy, which uses a federal system of government that consists
of 19 provinces and one autonomous region, Iraqi Kurdistan. In addition, Iraqi National Movement, State of Law Coalition, Iraqi National Alliance,
Kurdistan Alliance make up the Council of Representative, there are over 31 major political parties. In July 2014, Faud Masum, a veteran Iraqi
politician became the president. President

The Gulf Cooperation Council Essay
Athbi Al–Subaie
Methodology Final
INS 611
The Militarization of the Gulf Cooperation Council to Deter Threats
How Fear Shapes the Future of the Region
Introduction:
The Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) Peninsula Shield Force expresses the principle to protect against any political turmoil or security infringement in
any GCC part state. The Peninsula Shield Force depends on the standard of group and coordinated security and barrier, with each GCC part state
promising to ensure and protect the common security and interests of GCC part states, and their domain and jurisdiction.
One of the principle targets behind the foundation of the GCC in 1981 was security from the danger postured by the Iran – Iraq War, and Iranian
propelled Islamist activism. The GCC Peninsula Shield Force was made up of joint–military strengths from GCC part states. The GCC Peninsula
Shield Force set up its home office in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia in 1985.
After the Second Gulf War in 1990–91, the GCC Peninsula Shield Force tried to improve its safeguard abilities, with GCC part states setting up bound
together operational strategies, preparing, and military educational module. Notwithstanding this, the Peninsula Shield Force started to complete joint
military activities and moves with all GCC state militaries. The Peninsula Shield Force today holds joint preparing practices at regular intervals with
one of the Gulf 's militaries. Another essential accomplishment was the determination taken

The Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia
The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is one of the most centralized countries in the Middle East. Known for its abundant oil supply, desert land, and strict
adherence to Islam, Saudi Arabia is a culture that is very different from those of Western nations. Analyzing the national and business culture can
prepare a Westerner for working inSaudi Arabia and help them avoid intercultural conflict.
In 1932, King Abd–al–Aziz established the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Though he passed away in 1953, the monarchy continued through his sons. The
Kingdom is located in the Middle East, with the Persian Gulf to the East and the Red Sea to the West. At 2,149,690 km2 it is the 13th biggest country
in the world. Its location provides it with strong shipping capabilities – particularly for oil – through use of the Gulf and the Suez Canal. The land is
mostly uninhabited with dry sandy deserts, plateaus and mountains which are subject to extreme hot weather. Possessing much of the world's oil
reserves, the country's culture has been shaped by this industry. The country also has large natural gas reserves, and deposits of copper, gold, and iron.
The population consists of 90% Arabs and 10% Afro–Asians. Its population is approximately 27.3 million, of which 30% (8 million) are immigrants.
In terms of age structure, more than 60% of the population is aged between 15–54 years old (Appendix 11.1). The life expectancy at birth is 74.82
years, and the literacy rate for males and females is 90.8% and

Geography and History in the Iraq War Essay
Geography Shapes the Course of Iraq War The course of the Iraq War has been shaped immensely by the geography of the region for nearly 40 years.
The movement of Iraq forces throughout the region, for better or worse, has had many effects on the way in which the way has gone. For instance,
these forces often threatened certain resources needed by many countries and regions. The result of this was often war or conflict, concluding in a
devastating amount of casualties. This also left Iraq with debt as well as very low resources such as food and water. The basis of the whole entire war
has been on certain aspects of the geography, which has had a result of creating many small wars throughout this whole ordeal as well as many other ...
During this time the United States had supported Iraq. The Western powers also supported Iraq, helping Saddam with the creation of chemical,
biological, and nuclear weapons. Although, in 1981 Israel attacked and destroyed a nuclear reactor in which Saddam had hoped to make a bomb. In
1988, both countries eventually agreed to peace. The results of the war were catastrophic with a total of about one million Iraqi and Iranian casualties.
Only two years later, Hussein started a war with Kuwait on false claims that it had stolen from Iraq's oilfields. Another one of Hussein's false claims
was that he stated Kuwait was Iraq's Nineteenth province. With this said, the first Gulf War was started in 1990 (Eugene 4) Within three days, Iraq had
taken over Kuwait and threatened Saudi Arabian oilfields. In response to this, the United States initiated Operation Desert Shield to protect Saudi
Arabia. Operation Desert Storm began only 4 months after Iraq's initial intent on invading Kuwait. Within almost 4 days, US forces drove out Iraq all
the way from Kuwait to the southern border of Iraq. Due to this invasion, Iraq was ordered to destroy all weapons and factories that held and created
non–conventional weapons. For many years, Iraq did not cooperate with UN sanctions. Iraq did not destroy its weapons either. On contrary, it used
the UN's oil for food program to acquire even more weapons. Following September 11, 2001, the United States began to make it

Alkhobar Research Paper
Well, I am from Saudi Arabia, but more specific on the eastern province. The name of my city is Alkhobar. So I will talk about the weather, the natural
resources, and the surrounding areas. Saudi Arabia is one of the countries that the weather is warm in fact my country is similar to Texas weather, but
however, Saudi Arabia warmer then Texas, did you know that AlKhobar on the east coast, so the weather is absolutely humidity. Therefore, according
to Wikipedia "Its average annual temperature is 33 В°C (91 В°F) during the day and 22 В°C (72 В°F) at night. In the coldest month – January, the
temperature typically ranges from 12 to 22 В°C (54 to 72 В°F) during the day to 3 to 18 В°C (37 to 64 В°F) at night. In the warmest month, June, the
typical

British Proprietary Colony Essay
The Nature of a British Proprietary Colony History 1301 The British and the Proprietary colonies were the first to settle a permanent colony in South
Carolina in 1680. The colonist established center of political and economical life in the Southern Carolina's and named a colony. Charles town was
named after King Charles. Sir Anthony Ashley Cooper hoped to create and ideal society in America. He wanted to create his own utopia where a few
gentlemen rule with the consent of small property holders. Cooper drew up the fundamental constitutions. The design helped Carolina get its first
Proprietary governor as a Council of Lords that would recommend laws to Parliament elected by lesser landowners. Davidson, James. Nation of
Nations. 6.... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Since the settlement was moved closer to the sea it got attack a lot more by many different countries. Thanks to the 1680 plan for new settlement
"The Grand Model" laid out how they wanted their city to look. Since Sir Anthony Ashley Cooper moved the settlement closer to the sea, it made
it a great port town. Due to it being closer to the sea it got attacked much more and also help build walls around the city. Thanks to the Grand
Model it helped the settlers on how to make the city look. The only building from the walled city that still remains is The Powder Magazine. The
Proprietors realized that not only one person can control the Carolina's because it was a hassle going back and forth and the distance between each
colony was very great. So they made one governor for all of Carolina and a deputy governor for the northern half. Soon they split North and South
Carolina into two parts. Then started to have eight Proprietors to govern South Carolina. The King started to feel the Proprietors weren't doing their
jobs and took back the land. Walbert, David. "A Royal Colony." Learnnc.org. N.p., n.d. Web. 9 Nov 2010. <http://www.learnnc.org/lp/editions
/nchist–colonial/1973> They chose to make one person govern all of Carolina by picking who would be best at it. In the end it this process didn't
work and they split up Carolina into two parts which became North and South Carolina. The King took South Carolina's land back because it

The Fall Of The Ottoman Empire
After the fall of the Ottoman Empire in 1919, United States President Woodrow Wilson put in a large effort in starting the League of Nations. The
League, founded on January 10, 1920, pushed for a mandate system in the Middle East, replacing that of the Sykes–Picot. The mandates took away the
sovereignty of the territory's previous owner and transferred controlment to individual states in the Allied Powers. France came to own Syria and
modern–day Lebanon and both Iraq and Palestine became British territories. What was interesting was that the United States had a good reputation,
according to the Middle East states, and rather receive supervision from the U.S. instead of France and Britain. When the mandates were being made,
Wilson actually ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Being much more organized and having support from both the United States and Britain, the Arabs lost and the State ofIsrael came into fruition.
President Truman not to longer after recognized it on May 14, 1948. Meanwhile, the United States managed to find a great source of cheap oil through
Saudi Arabia. The exchange was protection for oil. Thus, protecting the American oil interests in Saudi Araba as well as the Persian Gulf region
became one of the country's top priorities. In Egypt, the presidency of Gamal Abd al–Nasser was spreading Arab socialist policies, land reform, and the
nationalization of the Suez Canal. With Cold War politics in play, the United States was worried this regime would cause further spread of communism
and socialist ideals, especially in that Nasser gained his position from the Egyptian Revolution. A successful, nationalistic Arab country spelled bad
news for the United States and could, in the future, motivate the nationalism of other Arab states and deter U.S. oil interests. However, the United
States did not want to completely ruin its reputation with Egypt, although Nasser already was not a big fan of the Western Powers. After he
nationalized the Suez Canal in 1956, Britain, France and Israel all invaded. Yet, the United Nations, with the backing of the U.S. and Soviet Union
ordered them to withdraw. Interaction and

The Persian Gulf War And The Arab War
Persian Gulf War A brief history of the middle east and the nation of Iraq prior to the Persian Gulf War will help explain why the Persian Gulf War
was viewed as necessary by the allied countries. The formation of a coalition of countries, the use of innovative military equipment, and strategic
military operations helped the allied forces secure victory in the Persian Gulf War. The effects of this victory and subsequent conflict have changed
our world as we know it. The Persian Gulf is one of the oldest known trade routes in the world. Conflict is a major issue in that region also. Oil is a
part of the reason there is conflict. Great Britain used to control Iraq because of the oil in the nation. Iraq has been a nation with copious amounts of
border conflicts and wars. Saddam Hussein, who supported the Ba 'athist party, assumed the role of president of Iraq in 1979. In September 1980,
Saddam Hussein ordered his troops into Iran oil fields, thus starting the Iraq–Iran war; another Iraqi conflict; in which Saddam Hussein was fighting
Iranian leader Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, a ShД«Кїite who disliked Saddam Hussein. ("Saddam Hussein") Saddam Hussein could be classified as
brutal leader, as he warred against the ethnic groups the Kurds, and the ShД«Кїites. He used biological and chemical weapons while fighting, and
continued to build up his military. ("Saddam Hussein") In 1990, he accused Kuwait of drilling Iraq's crude oil. Hussein also blamed Kuwait and other
surrounding

The Development Of A Long Evolution
spatial variability. Current transportation systems and thus are adopting the product of a long evolution was marked by periods of rapid changes in the
new transportation technologies. After the Industrial Revolution in the 19th century, the mechanization of transport systems with the development of
the steam engine technology allows setting of services networks areas. [11] Iraq is bordered by 6 countries, Iran in the East, and Turkey to the North,
Syria and Jordan to the West, and Saudi Arabia and Kuwait to the South and the Gulf region in the southeast of the country.Baghdad city (The capital)
is an important point for all transport networks in Iraq, roads, trains, and airlines. Baghdad international airport is the main in the country, situated in an
area about 16 km west of the city. The main lines of the State– owned railway start in Baghdad [1][4]. These connecting the capital with Basrah city and
Umm Qasr, Al–Faw grand port in the South, Kirkuk, Erbil and Mosul in the North, and North–East, based in Anbar province in the West. Baghdad is
the center of the regional road network, connects the city with highways with Turkey, Syria, Jordan, Iran, Kuwait, and Saudi Arabia too [5].
Transportation was and still one of the most dynamic sectors of the Iraqi economy since the 1980s; it has been allocated a large share of the budget of
the local development because it is important for the Government for several reasons. Logistics has become a critical factor in product

The Persian Gulf War Essay example
Introduction
Wars have been apart of this world almost as long as anything else has. Even in the Bible days there are records of wars. There are many reasons
that states choose to go to war. Sometimes it is for the expansion of a nation or state, other times it is for financial gains, and it also could be for
security or defense purposes. Whatever the case may be, wars have been apart of human life and will always be. There were no differences when it
came to the Persian Gulf War. This war involved the United States, Iraq, and Kuwait. When trying to determine the purpose behind this war I chose to
view it from a comparison of both the realist and liberalist views on the war.
The Case
The Persian Gulf War stemmed from tension over ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
U.S. and other UN member nations began sending troops to Saudi Arabia within the week and the world – wide coalition began to form under UN
authority. Allied forces bombed the Iraqi military and use ground forces to quickly liberate Kuwait (Grossman, 16).
Realism Theory
Realism tends to focus on the struggle for power between states in an anarchic international system. The major actors of realism are the states
themselves. Realism presents a realistic view of international relations and focuses primarily on how the world is literally, rather than how it ought to
be. Realist believes that states are rational, unitary actors whose aim is to enhance their power and security by all means. There is evidence that Iraq
was a unitary actor who, just as the realists believe, fought in order to enhance its power and security. Though, some could argue that the Persian Gulf
War was justified, there is sufficient evidence that concludes otherwise. Whether or not the public considered the Persian Gulf War justifiable, the main
issue is that it was a battle that resulted in the death of thousands of lives, both soldiers and civilians.
Realist Analysis
The Persian Gulf War was far from being a just war because of all the violence and killings that occurred, while fighting. Evidence proves that the
Persian Gulf War was simply a massacre of Iraqi soldiers and civilians in an all out, no holds bar, battle.

Atchafalaya River Research Paper
Do you know what the definition of Atchafalaya is? It's a river two hundred and twenty five miles (three hundred and sixty–two kilometers) S
Louisiana flowing S into Atchafalaya Bay (inlet of the Gulf of Mexico). IT's actually pretty interesting. The Atchafalaya is a distributary of the
Mississippi. Around the late ninetieth century and early twentieth century a flood happened in Mississippi causing the Atchafalaya River to increase its
size of the channel and the carrying capacity. That is until concern started worrying the people because it might capture most of the flow and redirect
the Mississippi once again. The congress then directed the U.S. Army of Engineers (Corps) to build a structure to control the water flow. The U.S.
Army of Engineers ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
So we already know that the Atchafalaya River flows into the Gulf of Mexico, right? Right. Now let's learn a little extra about the Gulf of Mexico.
The Gulf of Mexico goes into the Caribbean Sea and the area it covers is six hundred and seventeen thousand and eight hundred miles squared. It's
actually a very beautiful place that a lot of people go to visit. The population consist of fifty–six point twenty–three million as of the year two thousand
ten. It's actually the ninth largest body of water on the planet. It's bordered by five U.S. States both south and east, and Cuba in the Southeast. The
coast line measures about three thousand five hundred and forty miles from the tip of Yucatan to the tip of Florida. Most of it contains shallow waters
except for the fact that it trough measures as deep as fourteen thousand three hundred and thirty eight feet. The Gulf was created first by centennial
plates colliding and then the sea floor sinking, over three hundred million years ago, in the Late Triassic period. In nineteen forty–seven Amerigo
Vespucci was the first European to explore the Gulf of Mexico. It's one of the strongest currents in world, isn't that crazy! The Gulf has five different
species of endangered sea turtles that live here. They are Kemp's ridley sea turtles, Hawksbill sea turtles, Green sea turtles, Loggerhead sea turtles, and
Leatherback sea turtles. There's about 49 different shark species that live there. There

Human Culture Research Paper
The journey of prehistoric human culture on the Texas coast begins with how hunting and gathering populations adapted to the opportunities and
limitations of their shoreline and nearby prairie environments. All the while using limited technology strengthened by first–hand knowledge about the
location and seasonal availability of important subsistence resources within their homeland. Before my bioregion is explored, its best that I depict the
history of the state that I live that spreads across the millennia. When European explorers and colonists first arrived in the region, beginning in the
1500s, the indigenous coastal peoples practiced a mix of subsistence economies which included rigorous fishing in the shoreline bays and lagoons,...
The coastal population density was moderately high, and people spent much of the annual cycle living in large shoreline fishing camps that housed
several hundred people during peak fishing seasons. The coastline as we see it today is, from a geologic perspective, a very recent phenomenon that
dates back only about 3,000 years. In fact, prior to around 8,000 B.C., the area of the modern shoreline was high and dry, with the Gulf coast far to the
east of its present position. This is because, in earlier millennia, global sea level was as much as 300 feet lower, with much of the world's water
supply inaccessible in vast continental ice sheets and montane glaciers that were far more extensive than those of modern times. The Pleistocene era,
or Ice Age, had markedly lower global temperatures than those of historical times. The final cold phase of the Pleistocene was around 20,000 years
ago, after which rising global temperatures caused the continental ice sheets and mountain glaciers to begin a gradual melting process, with the result
that sea level began to rise rapidly over the next 10,000 years (Hester, 1995).
As sea level rose, shorelines around the world moved progressively father inland. By 8,000 B.C. the sea had inundated major river valleys along the
Texas

The War in Iraq Essay
In April of 1920, Allied Nations coming out of World War I met at the San Remo Peace Conference. It was here that a mandate involving France's
desire to hold Syria and Lebanon and Great Britain's desire to hold the lands of Palestine, Transjordan, and Mesopotamia was born. Britain's holdings
were renamed Iraq, which was created out of the Ottoman provinces of Baghdad, Mosul, and Basra. In October of 1932, Iraq gained formal
independence under Faysal I and through the League of Nations becoming its own separate country. In the years to follow, the Iraqi Oil industry
flourished providing the country with its main source of income and making the Middle East as a whole the richest source of petroleum on earth. Iraq
would continue with its ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The US and Britain constantly pressured Iraq, pressuring that included several air–strikes within Iraqi territory, and the establishment of
military–enforced "no–fly" zones hampering Iraqi transportation.
During this period of pressuring, UN inspections revealed holes that had been cut through the Iraqi border high–voltage electric fence between Kuwait
and Iraq. Everything was professional, and it was largely believed this was executed by US Special Forces. Amidst pressuring from all sides, even
from the Turkish and Kurd forces who sought an opportunity to fight amongst themselves, Iraq sought protection from those who cared little about the
people, and their only means of income, and survival.
September 11, 2001, two planes crashed into the twin towers of New York's International Trade Center, another crashed into the Pentagon, and one
more was taken down by the brave passengers onboard. As the sound of steel mixed with blood descending through the fog of soot and screams were
heard in New York, a pin drop could be heard across the nation as a nation was shocked and left in tear–filled awe. Two months later the US invaded
Afghanistan on a strike against terrorism two months after most of the terrorist forces of Afghanistan had fled. So naturally, the US and Great Britain
in an act of terrorism followed the trail of terror, to Iraq...
Iraq had been the ultimate goal of the Bush Administration's war on

The United States And The Soviet Union
In the post –World War II era, the competition of global supremacy between the superpowers of the time, United States and the Soviet Union resulted in
the Cold War. Many countries in the world were pulled into this rivalry including many of the states of the Middle East. Allies against the Soviet Union
received substantial quantities of United States aid and were encouraged to purchase weapons of Western means. Those who were in opposition to the
United States' power received economic and military assistance from the Soviet Union. The United States were inclined to view the rivalry between
them and the Soviet Union as a vie for global supremacy. The challenge of attaining democracy in the Middle East has been insufficient leadership
specifically in those who shared a common border and were in proximity to the Soviet Union. The United States, in their determination to impede the
threat of expansion of the borders of the Soviet Union as well as contain the spread of communion, provided economic and military assistance to keep
Iran, Iraq and Turkey politically stable. Although this was the goal of the United States, they actually impeded the democracy and political stability of
these countries through its persistent influence in government affairs, determining its future's livelihood.
Saddam Hussein, president of Iraq in the post– Cold War Era, used his political affiliation with the Ba'th Party as stepping stone to attain the presidency
of his country. In 1966, his uncle,

Mission Command In Operation Desert Storm
Operations Desert Shield/Storm took place during the Gulf War, which was a conflict between Iraq and a coalition force of more than 30 nations
mandated by the United Nations, led by the United States commanded by General Norman Schwarzkopf, who conducted one of the greatest military
campaigns of all times that resulted with the coalition victory. The name Operation Desert Shield was for the operation leading to the built up of
troops and defense of Saudi Arabia and Operation Desert Storm for the combat phase to liberate Kuwait. This war included more than 500.000
United States troops, dominated by technological superiority that definitely favored the coalition forces. The use of missiles, guided bombs and
invisible plane made easy to destroy Iraqi ground targets, being so the first war in history to use the air power to defeat ground forces. The
commander of this operation General Schwarzkopf was a consolidated leader with great experience in war and diplomacy, who had extend knowledge
of the Middle East since the childhood. General Schwarzkopf ability to use the principles of mission command led the coalition into the desired end
state, which was the defense of Saudi Arabia and liberation of Kuwait. General Norman Schwarzkopf successfully utilized mission command principles
within Operation Desert Storm/Shield by creating a shared understanding, building cohesive teams through mutual trust, provide a clear commander's
intent, and accept a prudent risk, which played a

The Corruption Of Saddam Hussein
Throughout history corruption has been laid upon many countries changing it in numerous ways. This corruption derives through certain people,
creating a havoc for those having to follow orders set by leaders they blindly follow. In Iraq, citizens have been tortured, forced to relocate their
families, arrested and murdered. All of this happened under the control of Saddam Hussein and we have neither found, nor did he offer an explanation
to these actions. He has been notorious for attacking people who disagreed with his opinions, especially other politicians that would give any sort of
competition to access leadership for Iraq. He is responsible for persecuting and denying his own citizens human rights. Not only physically but
financially, spending all of the countries money on monuments and palaces as he watches his people die from malnutrition and lack of medical attention.
Saddam Hussein was born on April 28, 1937 in a village called Ouja, near Tikrit in Northern Iraq, He grew up in a broken home, His family was
poor, they were peasants who did not have a home. He grew up without a father, it is unknown if his father died or disappeared when he was
younger. When he was still a child, he was sent to live with his uncle, Khairallah Tulfah, who made a deep impact on what Hussein later did in his
life. There is proof that Saddam was connected to violence at an early age. There are several reports that link him to the murders of a school teacher
and/or a

George Etienne Cartier 's Legacy And Contributions
For my heritage fair I decided to research George Etienne Cartier, who if you haven't heard about was a lawyer, rebel, politician and railway
promoter whose contributions to Confederation were on the same level as figures like John A. Macdonald and George Brown(Sweeny). If you
haven't heard of any of these people, then don't worry I'll be going into length on all of them. Furthermore, if you were wondering why I chose this
topic to research, I would truthfully tell you that the only reason I chose "George Etienne Cartier" was because he was as good a topic as anything
else, so personally I didn't care about the topic. But as I put more research into the topic I came to realize just how important George Etienne Cartier
was to Canada. Not just in his efforts towards Confederation but also the work he put into preserving French culture and identity in Canada to
railway development. Of course this isn't as exciting as many other topics, but without George Cartier's legacy and contributions we would most
likely not be where we are today. In this report I will be covering the life of George Etienne Cartier, including his early life, background, political life
before and after Confederation.
Early Life and Rebellions
How did George Etienne Cartier grow up?
George Etienne Cartier was born on September 6th 1814 in Saint–Antoine sur Richelieu to parents Jacques Cartier (not the explorer) and Marguerite
Paradis. George had 7 siblings and was the seventh child of his

America an Apostle for Justice and a Combatant of Terrorism
America is seen globally as an advocate for freedom, an apostle for justice, and a combatant of terrorism. They are seen as defenders of the weak.
They will go to battle with all that stands in the way of their core values. A white–knight in shining armor to slay the evil dragon that wreaks havoc on
the global village. That idea lives in fairy tales and the imagination. The real reasons seem to be either denied or hidden away from the public, their
judgement clouded with nationalism and chauvinism. American citizens often treat war as a sporting event, believing they are going to war with the
only objective being to win, and forgetting objectives consistent with their nation's own self–interest. Nations do go to war, but structured war
objectives are usually limited to a nationКјs foreign and economic policy and the objectives then stem from self–interest. Nations go to war to gain
territory, protect markets, or to gain resources, not just to triumph villainous forces. World War 1: Summary: A bloody war that engulfed all of
central Europe as well as the interior effect it had on American people. To put the size of this war in perspective it was deemed "The War to End All
Wars". Starting in 1914 and spanning to 1919 Americas involvement isn't until 1917. The war itself was inevitable but the spark that set Europe ablaze
was the assassination of Austria's Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife Sophie.The assassination occurred in the province of Austro–Hungarian

U.s. Bush Address The World 's View On The Middle East And...
On March 19th, 2003 from the White House oval office President George W. Bush addressed the nation. "My fellow citizens. At this hour,
American and coalition forces are in the early stages of military operations to disarm Iraq, to free its people and to defend the world from grave
danger. On my orders, coalition forces have begun striking selected targets of military importance to undermine Saddam Hussein 's ability to wage
war. These are opening stages of what will be a broad and concerted campaign. More than 35 countries are giving crucial support from the use of naval
and air bases to help with intelligence and logistics to deployment of combat units. Every nation in this coalition has chosen to bear the duty and share
the honor of... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
relationship started with Iraq, and what reasons the U.S. did have for invading Iraq. For almost two decades, this country has been at war and we are
told that this war is being fought to secure freedom of all Americans. Yet, for every passing day that goes by we as a nation feel less secure
everyday. In order for us to understand why Iraq is in its current state, we must look at its history in order for us to understand its present. During the
1980's, Saddam Hussein and the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party controlled the Iraqi government. During their rule, Iraq had and unprecedented amount of
high economic growth and soaring prosperity, but they also faced social and political stagnation. The annual income for an average citizen had
decreased because of foreign sanctions, and several Ba'ath party economic policies. Hussein surrounded himself with those who were most loyal to
him and became the father of the nation to the Iraqi people. During this period, Iraq was considered a stable state and considering the fact that many
horrific criminal acts were committed by the regime, the state of Iraq was a functional one. As history has shown us many developing countries with
dictator's states tend to be more successful under an oppressive regime than having a democratic society. The Ba 'ath Party also created what would
become a propaganda center for pro–Saddam literature, Movies, songs, and more. It was said that the propaganda campaign created a common sense of

The Iraq Iran War And State Security
The Iraq–Iran War and State Security With Iraq initiating the conflict, with its declaration of war on September 22, 1980 and the subsequent invasion
of the Khuzestan province, they will be treated as the aggressor. Therefore the theoretical framework will revolve predominantly around Iraq. With this
Posen's components of the security dilemma will be used as the building blocks for state security's explanation of the conflict, beginning with the
indistinguishability of offense and defense. As previously stated, determining the motives or intentions of states are difficult and near impossible to do
with any certainty. Iraq would make their intentions known with the psychological and material actions of the Ba'athist party and Saddam Hussein. It
is important to once again look briefly look at previous actions to attempt a dissection. From 1974–1978 the Kurds in Northern Iraq were revolting
against Ba'athist rule, as they were being terrorized and displaced during the military crackdown. Despite Iran's inability to determine the motivation
behind Iraq's actions, and the potential effect on their state, they decide to take action. The attacks on the Kurds were viewed as an attempt at a power
build–up, through their attempt to push Kurds out of Iraq into lower Iran. Iran viewed this as an attempt to strain their government and resources with
the forced exile of an unwanted faction of their country. In an attempt to protect their interests and procure a secure state, Iran sends

The Gulf War and Saddam Hussein Essay
Today we are living in a world where development has taken such leaps that we cannot imagine how life looked like in the simpler times. Humans
have made immense progress in diverse fields. Whether we discuss science, technology, arts, business, or trade, evidence of progression is available in
all fields. Nevertheless, we would never understand what happened in the past without one integral area, History. Inventions and discoveries have made
our lives simpler, but at the end of the day who are these inventions made for? As a content area, History is an immense and wholesome subject. It
encompasses several other areas such as culture, people, ancient developments, anthropology, art, and of course battles and wars. Human history has
seen... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
An interesting fact is that during the Iran–Iraq war of 1980, Kuwait was an ally of Iraq. The man behind this attack was Iraqi dictator, Saddam Hussein.
He considered the United Arab Emirates and Kuwait in an economic battle against Iraq. Oil production, oil prices, the Iraqi debt owed to Kuwait, and
the aims of Iraq to increase its control in Kuwait served as a trigger for this attack. Prior to the war negotiation did take place between Iraq and Kuwait
although they could not reach an agreeable conclusion. Afterwards, Saddam Hussein and American ambassador Catherine Glaspie met and attempted
to discuss further intents at reconciliation. This was also a hopeless case as Kuwait occupied the important areas of this nation, including the Emir's
palace. After this attack, the Gulf war officially began and lasted for another six months until February 1991. A few days later, Saddam Hussein
announced triumph over Kuwait. As a response to this attack, the United Nations Security Council passed Resolution 661 on Iraq on August 6th.
Resolution 661 implies the global trade restriction, which was imposed upon Iraq. Prior to the trade prohibition, the United Nations Security Council
asked Iraq to withdraw its troops from Kuwait. The attack on Kuwait by Iran is called the Gulf war as it took place between these two Gulf nations,
but this attack was an extremely

History Is Filled With Wars
History is filled with wars. Wars are one among the foremost attention grabbing, nevertheless the scariest, aspects of history. If there have been no
wars, the globe would be terribly totally different. One will agree that we have a tendency to learn our mistakes from wars. However, history is
understood for continuation itself. There for, there are continuously new problems and conflicts that result in wars. It's a part of attribute to disagree
most things for numerous reasons. After all, everyone seems to be totally different and have distinctive points of read some wars run off over land,
whereas others occur to safeguard a nation's respect and honor. Twentieth century is replete of the many major wars. However, one among the war that
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The dispute results in a series of minor military exchanges on the border that were increasing in intensity.
While the causes of the conflict were various and varied, one in all the principals was access to, and management of, the Shatt–al–Arab waterway. The
Shatt–al–Arab itself was necessary for variety of reasons. The primary is that it permits for agricultural production in a section with a dry, wet climate.
The waterway served as a way of transportation for moving agricultural and different merchandise each with within the country and to ports for export.
End tabs container.
The empire claimed each facet throughout their rule, though the Ottomans did usually not dominate the Persian facet. Supported the strength of this, Al–
Iraq claimed the east bank (Iranian side) of the stream, a crucial piece of property, since the Shatt – al – Arab is its solely outlet to the gulf. Al Iraq
united to the division of the waterway with Asian nation (Iran) in a very 1975 written agreement. This gave Al–Iraq management of most of the
waterway and needed Asian nation to pay toll whenever its ships used the water method. This agreement settled the border dispute over the Shatt al
Arab waterway in Iran 's favor. At a similar time, Iraq renounced a long–standing claim to the southwestern portion of Asian

Essay about The Persian Gulf War
Introduction
Wars have been apart of this world almost as long as anything else has. Even in the Bible days there are records of wars. There are many reasons
that states choose to go to war. Sometimes it is for the expansion of a nation or state, other times it is for financial gains, and it also could be for
security or defense purposes. Whatever the case may be, wars have been apart of human life and will always be. There were no differences when it
came to the Persian Gulf War. This war involved the United States, Iraq, and Kuwait. When trying to determine the purpose behind this war I chose to
view it from a comparison of both the realist and liberalist views on the war.
The Case
The Persian Gulf War stemmed from tension over ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
According to Albert Bin, "the U.S. Defense Intelligence Agency estimated 100,000 Iraqi military deaths" (Bin, 237). Philip Taylor adds, "the
United States had only 148 killed in action, 458 wounded, and 121 died through non combat incidents" (Taylor, 102). The United States victory was
the most lopsided in recent history, in terms of numbers who died when looking at both sides. Casualties did not only occur during the progress of
the war, "about 12,000 Iraqi civilians died during the war, and 5,000 civilians died since the end of the war due to wounds, lack of medical care, or
malnutrition" (Lopez 1991). These statistics reinforce the realist belief concerning wars because of the numerous deaths that resulted from the Persian
Gulf War; That is, the casualty count of the war supports the belief that the war was inadequate and preposterous due to the lack of concern for lives,
rather the concern for substantial power and stability. Both Iraq and the United States were at war only because they both had oil interests that would
help to expand either state's power.
The United States savage bombing campaign caused most of the Iraqi deaths. The air campaign of the United States was very successful in terms of
doing what it set out to do and that was to bomb everything that supported Iraq's war. This even includes some civilian facilities. Nothing was safe;
Radar installations, military airfields, bunkers, electric power plants, highways, water treatment facilities,

Operation Iraqi Freedom Essay
Operation Iraqi Freedom
On August 2nd, 1990 Iraqi military forces invaded and occupied the small Arab state of Kuwait. The order was given by Iraqi dictatorial president
Saddam Hussein. His aim was apparently to take control Kuwait's oil reserves (despite its small size Kuwait is a huge oil producer; it has about 10 per
cent of the world's oil reserves ). Iraq accused Kuwait, and also the United Arab Emirates, of breaking agreements that limit oil production in the
Middle East. According to Saddam Hussein, this brought down world oil prices severely and caused financial loss of billions of dollars in Iraq's
annual revenue.
Saddam Hussein had the nearly hopeless task of justifying the invasion. He plead the fact that Kuwait had ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
However, the government found it difficult to decide upon and state one overriding reason for going to war. Was it to oppose aggression or was it
just to protect global oil supplies? Other powers were more directly concerned as consumers of Persian Gulf oil, but they were not as eager to
commit military force, to risk their youth in battle and to pay for the costs of the war. Critics of President Bush continued to maintain that he was
taking advantage of the issue of energy supplies in order to manipulate the U. S. public opinion in favor of war.
After consulting with U. S. Secretary of Defense Dick Cheney in early August 1990, King Fahd of Saudi Arabia invited American troops onto Saudi
soil. He had seen Kuwait's destiny; therefore, he wanted protection. It was also the interest of the USA to stop any further advantage of the Iraqi army.
The deployment was called "Operation Desert Shield." These troops were armed with light, defensive weaponry.
On November 8, 1990 President Bush announced a military buildup to provide an offensive option, "Operation Desert Storm," to force Iraq out of
Kuwait. The preparation of the operation took two and a half months and it involved a massive air– and sea lift.
Finally, in January 1991, the U. S. Congress voted to support Security Council resolution 660. It authorized using "all necessary means" if Iraq did not
withdraw from Kuwait by January 15. Shrugging off this final

Difference Between Chines For M-Form Organization
M–form refers to the unspecialization of subnational governments. It follows a territorial principle that regions are assigned to be responsible for
similar task. For instance, province A is responsible for agricultural and steel ministry, which is same for the other provinces such as B and C. They
can be seen as "substitute" for each other because they produce competitive goods. The administrative coordination is decentralized in M–form,
meaning that planning in individual level is important. As these regions need to make production decisions for their ministries, the autonomy of them
is quite high, and they have the right to control and allocate recourses within their jurisdiction. These features can in fact be linked to the RDA system.
In Maskin, Qian and Xu's research,... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
So, any lagging behind only implies the low productivity of the regional official. With similar information structure, regional officials have theincentive
to outperform the other rivalries. Regional competition can already serve as incentive scheme for local officials.
For U–form organizations, as regions are different from each other, they react differently towards industrial shocks. So, this provides an excuse for
laggard that it is due to the differentiation regional conditions. With completely different information structures, there is no incentive for local officials
to work hard under the U–form.
Seeing how M–form and U–form organizations can affect information structures, as a result determining incentives of local officials, the Maskin, Qian
and Xu model can be used to prove it. Firstly, the model states that there are 2 types of incentives – the absolute performance incentive and the relative
performance incentive. The absolute performance incentive links the officials' salary with his outputs, while the relative one links his salary to others'
output negatively,

Sadam Huisein's Invasion of Kuwait Led to Operation Desert...
Operation Desert Storm
The Gulf War, also known as Operation Desert Storm, the Persian Gulf War, The First Gulf War or The Kuwait War. Was a war that started 2 August
1990 when Iraqi leader Saddam Hussein invaded Kuwait. The war lasted to 28. February 1991, when President Bush declared a ceasefire. The war
ended unofficially the 26th, when the Iraqi troops started to withdraw from Kuwait, after finishing their mission. The Coalition air forces continued to
follow and bomb the Iraqi troops, even after the retreat started. They kept killing Iraqi troops, and a Highway 8 became known as the "Highway of
Death".
The Background
Why did Iraq, led by Saddam Hussein invade Kuwait?
In August 1988, the war between Iran and Iraq ended, but they ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Hussein justified his invasion of Kuwait by claiming that Kuwait was an artificial state started on the Iraqi coast by western colonialists. The truth was
that Kuwait was recognized as a country before Iraq was created, after World War 1.
American Invasion
How did the Americans get involved in this war?
When Saddam Hussein invaded Kuwait, Egypt and Saudi Arabia turned to the US and other western powers to help cool the situation. The United
Nations warned Hussein, and if he did not withdraw his troops by mid–January of 1991, they would have to intervene. Hussain did not listen to the UN,
and the Persian Gulf War began, led by a massive US–led air offensive, known as Operation Desert Storm. 42 days later, US President George Bush
declared a ceasefire, on February 28. By then, most Iraqi troops had surrendered, fled or been killed.
On August 8 Hussain said that Kuwait was Iraq's "19th province", at the same time, the US Air Force fighter planes began to land in Saudi Arabia as
a part of the buildup known as Operation Desert Shield. NATO allies and other Arab nations accompanied the US troops; the deployment was to
prevent a possible invasion of Saudi Arabia.
Meanwhile in Kuwait, Hussain increased his forced to about 300000 soldiers. Hussain tried to gather support from the Muslim world by declaring a
Jihad, holy war. When this failed, he turned over to Iran to agree on peace, so he could max out the strength of his forces.
November 29.

The Iraqi Invasion: The Iraq Invasion
The Iraqi invasion and advance into Khuzestan during phase one surprised Iran. The Iraqis captured several villages and small towns in the provinces
of Khuzestan and Ilam and, after brutal hand–to–hand combat, captured the strategic port city of Khorramshahr. The nearby city of Abadan, with its
huge oil–refining complex, was besieged; Iraqi forces moved their offensive lines close to the large cities of Ahvaz and Dezful.
Although the Iranians stemmed the Iraqi advance by the end of 1980, they failed to launch any successful counter offensives. Consequently,Iraq
occupied approximately one–third of Khuzestan Province, from which an estimated 1.5 million civilians had fled. Property damage to factories, homes,
and infrastructure in the war zone was estimated in the billions of dollars. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
During this period, Iran's objectives were to end the war by having both sides withdraw to the common border as it had existed prior to the invasion.
Baghdad wanted Teheran's consent to the revision of a 1975 treaty that had defined their common border as the middle channel of the Shatt al Arab
(which Iranians call the Arvand Rud).
Baghdad's proclaimed reason for invading Iran, in fact, had been to rectify the border; Iraq claimed that the international border should be along the
low water of the Iranian shore, as it had been prior to 1975. In international forums, Iran generally failed to win many supporters to its position.
The second phase of the war began in July 1982, when Iran made the fateful decision, following two months of military victories, to invade Iraqi
territory. The change in Iran's strategic position also brought about a modification in stated war

Cultural Awareness Of Saudi Arabia
Cultural Awareness Of Saudi Arabia
By:
SGT Farrier, Benjamin W.
13B30 ALC Class 507–17
SGL: SSG Avendano, Allan
12MAY2017
Saudi Arabia, located in the middle east, takes up most of the Arabian Peninsula. This deeply rooted country, in comparison to Western culture, is
different in many ways. Culture is defined as a civilization 's way of life, their beliefs, morals, laws, and customs. Similarly to how American citizens
follow the rules and regulations laid out in the constitution, the Saudi Arabian citizens use the Koran as their constitution. The people of Saudi Arabia
culturally identify as Muslim and Arab, which links them to millions of people beyond their borders. Originating from a hot desert climate, these people
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Mecca is the holiest place in the Islamic world, just like Vatican City is the holiest place for Christians. The people in this city watch television, use
cell phones and use the internet regularly just like everyone else. As these people lived in Saudi Arabia's harsh climate, they have adapted and thrived,
creating thousands of years of rich history.
The people of Islam have customs and courtesies that differ from western culture, and some ways they are similar. The rules of Islam govern every
part of a Saudi Arabian citizens life, whether it's political, personal, or business matters. Absolutely no business occurs on Friday, which is a Muslim
holy day, and most businesses close on Thursday, making the weekend Thursday and Friday. Greetings are similar to western culture, but if someone
were to do the wrong thing they can find themselves in quite a bit of trouble. For example; when greeting men, they will shake hands, and if they are
close friends or family, they will also add a kiss to the cheek. It is highly frowned upon for men and women to greet in public. Even in situations of
business practices, women aren't allowed to extend a hand to be shaken. Islamic dietary laws forbid the consumption of pork and alcoholic beverages
and are enforced throughout Saudi Arabia. The punishment for drinking, trading, producing, and smuggling is severe. Those caught supplying alcohol
to Saudis will receive the harshest punishments. Foreigners

History Of The 299th Combat Engineer Battalion
The History of the 299th Combat Engineer Battalion
When Allied commanders during World War II needed engineers to clear the beaches of Normandy, when the 4th Infantry Division needed airfields
repaired, roads maintained, and bridges built in Vietnam, and when the 24th Infantry Division needed someone to identify and mark the main routes into
Iraq during the Gulf War there was one unit that stood above all others. That unit was the 299th Combat Engineer Battalion. The 299th was activated on
March 1st, 1943 at Camp White, Oregon. Since then the unit has been put on reserve and active status, deactivated and reactivated, and assigned many
different higher headquarters in order to meet the Army's mission. The 299th Combat Engineer Battalion had always been quick to act, brave under
fire, and completed crucial missions in order to ensure the mobility of the main force. The 299th is a very distinctive and proud unit.
On June 6th, 1944 at around 6:30 in the morning, members of the 299th Combat Engineer Brigade would make their way as some of the first men
on Omaha and Utah beaches. On Omaha beach companies "A" and "C" would work the entire day under heavy fire while clearing obstacles and
mines. Company "B" landed on Utah beach where they would clear mines and obstacles in order to allow tanks to travel up the beach. Company "B"
would also be under direct and indirect fire, however, company "B" did not have any infantry support in front of them. The company was supposed to
land on

Iraq: A Country On The Rise Essay
Iraq: A Country on the Rise
Iraq is a country that is on the rise. After being crushed by allied troops for their invasion of Kuwait, they have begun the slow rebuilding process.
In this report, I will discuss the basic geographic features of Iraq, and other various important features such as mineral wealth, vegetation, ect.
Iraq's total area is 271,128 square miles (just slightly more than twice the size of Idaho). It's capital, Baghdad, is located at 33.20 north longitude,
44.24 east latitude. It's boundaries are 2,222 miles long. With 906 miles bordering Iran, 83 miles bordering Jordan, 149 miles bordering Kuwait, 502
miles bordering Saudi Arabia, 376 miles ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
On the average year, Iraq produces 13,000 metric tons of paper and paperboard, 3,000 metric tons of particle board, 8,000 sawnwood, 207,000 metric
tons of phosphate fertilizer, and 409,000 metric tons of nitrogen fertilizer.
Iraq currently has 1,300,000 televisions in use (about 69 per 1,000 people). It also has 3,880,000 radios in use (about 205 per 1,000 people).
Iraq has 6 newspaper publications, with a circulation of 650,000 a day (about 34 per 1,000 people). This causes a 1,797 kilograms of newsprint to be
consumed per 1,000 people. Iraq has one FM station and 16 AM broadcast stations, and 13
TV stations. Reconstruction of Iraq's telecommunication system began after
Desert Storm was over. It includes of many coaxial cables and microwave links,
632,000 telephones (with an operational network), satellite earth stations, 1
INTELSAT satellite and 1 GORIZONT satellite over the Atlantic Ocean, 1 INTELSAT satellite over the Indian Ocean, and 1 ARABSAT in the
Intersputnik system.
Their country telephone code is 964.
In Iraq, travel can be very shaky. International flight schedules can change without prior notice. The Al–Basrah and Umm Qasar Seaports are closed
because of their

The Impact Of Public Opinion On U.S. Foreign Policy Since...
Since the Vietnam War, the public's opinion has played major roles in how policymakers operate. Their opinions may not always support to choices
which are best for the country, however they are still factored into the decision making. Richard Sobel discusses several cases on how the public's
attitudes have affected policymaker's decisions in his book, "The Impact of Public Opinion on U.S. Foreign Policy Since Vietnam."
During the Persian Gulf War, public opinion ultimately shaped policy. How the policy was attained, not the goals of the policy were shaped by the
public opinion. The Persian Gulf War would be the largest use of the U.S. military since Vietnam, thus causing the Bush administration to consider how
the public would react ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
President Bush's implementation of the invasion increased his approval rating from 60 percent to 76 percent in just one month. By November, the
majority of the American people, 70 percent felt that the US should wait before going to war. On October 20, President Bush stated his 1988
campaign pledge, "no new taxes." People were no longer interested in the Gulf a few months after Bush's speech, but were becoming more interested in
domestic policy.
The American public was not very supportive of the war near the end, but Bush continued on with it. He had to reassure people that it wouldn't be
Vietnam. The Bush administration stated that the reason for fighting the war was the need for a "New World Order" in the aftermath of theCold war.
The U.S. wanted to get rid of Iraq's nuclear capabilities. The media played a major role in the unfolding of the Persian Gulf War. The media didn't give
much attention to the negative parts of the war, such as the protests, and praised the military.
During all three of the benchmarks in the Persian Gulf War, public opinion was very influential. The first benchmark was President Bush's decision to
send troops to the Gulf in Operation Desert Shield. This was the beginning of a rapid increase in interest by the American people. Secretary of State,
James Baker III made statements

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